Focused Passage

Hosea 10:1-8

Israel's Fruitful Vine, False Security, and the Call to Sow Righteousness

Hosea 10 moves from Israel's abused prosperity and divided heart to the collapse of king, calf, shrine, and military confidence, then presses the people with an urgent call to sow righteousness before warning that they will reap the violent harvest of wickedness.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1Israel was a luxuriant vine, yielding fruit for himself. The more his fruit increased, the more he increased the altars. The better his land produced, the better he made the sacred pillars.

2Their hearts are devious; now they must bear their guilt. The LORD will break down their altars and demolish their sacred pillars.

3Surely now they will say, “We have no king, for we do not revere the LORD. What can a king do for us?”

4They speak mere words; with false oaths they make covenants. So judgment springs up like poisonous weeds in the furrows of a field.

5The people of Samaria will fear for the calf of Beth-aven. Indeed, its people will mourn over it with its idolatrous priests—those who rejoiced in its glory—for it has been taken from them into exile.

6Yes, it will be carried to Assyria as tribute to the great king. Ephraim will be seized with shame; Israel will be ashamed of its wooden idols.

7Samaria will be carried off with her king like a twig on the surface of the water.

8The high places of Aven will be destroyed—it is the sin of Israel; thorns and thistles will overgrow their altars. Then they will say to the mountains, “Cover us!” and to the hills, “Fall on us!”

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singularwas a luxuriantבּוֹקֵק֙H1238Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularvineגֶּ֤פֶןH1612Noun - common singularyieldingיְשַׁוֶּה־H7737Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singularfruitפְּרִ֖יH6529Noun - masculine singularfor himselfלּ֑וֹPreposition | third person masculine singularThe more his fruitלְפִרְי֗וֹH6529Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularincreasedכְּרֹ֣בH7230Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singularthe more he increasedהִרְבָּה֙H7235Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singularthe altarsלַֽמִּזְבְּח֔וֹתH4196Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine pluralThe betterכְּט֣וֹבH2896Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singularhis land producedלְאַרְצ֔וֹH776Preposition-l | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singularthe better he madeהֵיטִ֖יבוּH3190Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common pluralthe sacred pillarsמַצֵּבֽוֹת׃H4676Noun - feminine plural
Verse 2

Original words

Their heartsלִבָּ֖םH3820Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine pluralare deviousחָלַ֥קH2505Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularnowעַתָּ֣הH6258Adverbthey must bear their guiltיֶאְשָׁ֑מוּH816Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine pluralThe LORDה֚וּאH1931Pronoun - third person masculine singularwill break downיַעֲרֹ֣ףH6202Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singulartheir altarsמִזְבְּחוֹתָ֔םH4196Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine pluraland demolishיְשֹׁדֵ֖דH7703Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singulartheir sacred pillarsמַצֵּבוֹתָֽם׃H4676Noun - feminine plural construct | third person masculine plural
Verse 3

Original words

Surelyכִּ֤יH3588Conjunctionnowעַתָּה֙H6258Adverbthey will sayיֹֽאמְר֔וּH559Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine pluralWe haveלָ֑נוּPreposition | first person common pluralnoאֵ֥יןH369Adverbkingמֶ֖לֶךְH4428Noun - masculine singularforכִּ֣יH3588Conjunctionwe do notלֹ֤אH3808Adverb - Negative particlerevereיָרֵ֙אנוּ֙H3372Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common plural-אֶת־H853Direct object markerthe LORDיְהֹוָ֔הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularWhatמַה־H4100Interrogativecan a kingוְהַמֶּ֖לֶךְH4428Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singulardoיַּֽעֲשֶׂה־H6213Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularfor usלָּֽנוּ׃Preposition | first person common plural
Verse 4

Original words

They speakדִּבְּר֣וּH1696Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person common pluralmere wordsדְבָרִ֔יםH1697Noun - masculine pluralwith falseשָׁ֖וְאH7723Noun - masculine singularoathsאָל֥וֹתH422Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolutethey makeכָּרֹ֣תH3772Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolutecovenantsבְּרִ֑יתH1285Noun - feminine singularSo judgmentמִשְׁפָּ֔טH4941Noun - masculine singularsprings upוּפָרַ֤חH6524Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularlike poisonous weedsכָּרֹאשׁ֙H7219Preposition-k, Article | Noun - masculine singularinעַ֖לH5921Prepositionthe furrowsתַּלְמֵ֥יH8525Noun - masculine plural constructof a fieldשָׂדָֽי׃H7704Noun - masculine singular
Verse 5

Original words

The peopleשְׁכַ֣ןH7934Noun - masculine singular constructof Samariaשֹֽׁמְר֑וֹןH8111Noun - proper - feminine singularwill fearיָג֖וּרוּH1481Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine pluralfor the calfלְעֶגְלוֹת֙H5697Preposition-l | Noun - feminine plural constructofבֵּ֣יתH1007PrepositionBeth-avenאָ֔וֶןH1007Noun - proper - feminine singularIndeedכִּי־H3588Conjunctionits peopleעַמּ֗וֹH5971Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularwill mournאָבַ֨לH56Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularover itעָלָ֜יוH5921Preposition | third person masculine singularwith its idolatrous priestsוּכְמָרָיו֙H3649Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singularעָלָ֣יועָלָ֣יוH5921Preposition | third person masculine singularthose who rejoicedיָגִ֔ילוּH1523Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine pluralinעַל־H5921Prepositionits gloryכְּבוֹד֖וֹH3519Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularforכִּֽי־H3588Conjunctionit has been taken from them into exileגָלָ֥הH1540Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularמִמֶּֽנּוּ׃מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃H4480Preposition | third person masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Beth-aven means house of wickedness. This is a derogatory term for Bethel, which means house of God; see 1 Kings 12:28–29.
Verse 6

Original words

Yesגַּם־H1571Conjunction-אוֹתוֹ֙H853Direct object marker | third person masculine singularit will be carriedיוּבָ֔לH2986Verb - Hofal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularto Assyriaלְאַשּׁ֣וּרH804Preposition-l | Noun - proper - feminine singularas tributeמִנְחָ֖הH4503Noun - feminine singularto the greatיָרֵ֑בH3377Noun - proper - masculine singularkingלְמֶ֣לֶךְH4428Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singularEphraimאֶפְרַ֣יִםH669Noun - proper - masculine singularwill be seizedיִקָּ֔חH3947Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularwith shameבָּשְׁנָה֙H1317Noun - feminine singularIsraelיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singularwill be ashamedוְיֵב֥וֹשׁH954Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine singularof its wooden idolsמֵעֲצָתֽוֹ׃H6098Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Or to King Jareb
  • That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; also in verse 11
  • Or of its own counsel
Verse 7

Original words

Samariaשֹׁמְר֖וֹןH8111Noun - proper - feminine singularwill be carried offנִדְמֶ֥הH1820Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine singular[with] her kingמַלְכָּ֑הּH4428Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singularlike a twigכְּקֶ֖צֶףH7110Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singularonעַל־H5921Prepositionthe surfaceפְּנֵי־H6440Noun - masculine plural constructof the waterמָֽיִם׃H4325Noun - masculine plural
Verse 8

Original words

The high placesבָּמ֣וֹתH1116Noun - feminine plural constructof Avenאָ֗וֶןH205Noun - masculine singularwill be destroyedוְנִשְׁמְד֞וּH8045Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural[it is] the sinחַטַּאת֙H2403Noun - feminine singular constructof Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singularthornsק֣וֹץH6975Noun - masculine singularand thistlesוְדַרְדַּ֔רH1863Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singularwill overgrowיַעֲלֶ֖הH5927Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .עַל־H5921Prepositiontheir altarsמִזְבְּחוֹתָ֑םH4196Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine pluralThen they will sayוְאָמְר֤וּH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluralto the mountainsלֶֽהָרִים֙H2022Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine pluralCover usכַּסּ֔וּנוּH3680Verb - Piel - Imperative - masculine plural | first person common pluraland to the hillsוְלַגְּבָע֖וֹתH1389Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l, Article | Noun - feminine pluralFallנִפְל֥וּH5307Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluralon usעָלֵֽינוּ׃סH5921Preposition | first person common plural

BSB notes

  • Or of wickedness; Aven is a reference to Beth-aven (a derogatory term for Bethel); see verse 5.
  • Cited in Luke 23:30; see also Revelation 6:16.

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.