Focused Passage

Hosea 10:1-8

Israel's Fruitful Vine, False Security, and the Call to Sow Righteousness

Hosea 10 moves from Israel's abused prosperity and divided heart to the collapse of king, calf, shrine, and military confidence, then presses the people with an urgent call to sow righteousness before warning that they will reap the violent harvest of wickedness.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1 Israel was a luxuriant vine, yielding fruit for himself. The more his fruit increased, the more he increased the altars. The better his land produced, the better he made the sacred pillars.

2 Their hearts are devious; now they must bear their guilt. The LORD will break down their altars and demolish their sacred pillars.

3 Surely now they will say, “We have no king, for we do not revere the LORD. What can a king do for us?”

4 They speak mere words; with false oaths they make covenants. So judgment springs up like poisonous weeds in the furrows of a field.

5 The people of Samaria will fear for the calf of Beth-aven. Indeed, its people will mourn over it with its idolatrous priests—those who rejoiced in its glory—for it has been taken from them into exile.

6 Yes, it will be carried to Assyria as tribute to the great king. Ephraim will be seized with shame; Israel will be ashamed of its wooden idols.

7 Samaria will be carried off with her king like a twig on the surface of the water.

8 The high places of Aven will be destroyed—it is the sin of Israel; thorns and thistles will overgrow their altars. Then they will say to the mountains, “Cover us!” and to the hills, “Fall on us!”

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Israel יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular was a luxuriant בּוֹקֵק֙ H1238 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular vine גֶּ֤פֶן H1612 Noun - common singular yielding יְשַׁוֶּה־ H7737 Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singular fruit פְּרִ֖י H6529 Noun - masculine singular for himself לּ֑וֹ Preposition | third person masculine singular The more his fruit לְפִרְי֗וֹ H6529 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular increased כְּרֹ֣ב H7230 Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular the more he increased הִרְבָּה֙ H7235 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular the altars לַֽמִּזְבְּח֔וֹת H4196 Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine plural The better כְּט֣וֹב H2896 Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular his land produced לְאַרְצ֔וֹ H776 Preposition-l | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular the better he made הֵיטִ֖יבוּ H3190 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common plural the sacred pillars מַצֵּבֽוֹת׃ H4676 Noun - feminine plural
Verse 2

Original words

Their hearts לִבָּ֖ם H3820 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine plural are devious חָלַ֥ק H2505 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular now עַתָּ֣ה H6258 Adverb they must bear their guilt יֶאְשָׁ֑מוּ H816 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural The LORD ה֚וּא H1931 Pronoun - third person masculine singular will break down יַעֲרֹ֣ף H6202 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular their altars מִזְבְּחוֹתָ֔ם H4196 Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural and demolish יְשֹׁדֵ֖ד H7703 Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singular their sacred pillars מַצֵּבוֹתָֽם׃ H4676 Noun - feminine plural construct | third person masculine plural
Verse 3

Original words

Surely כִּ֤י H3588 Conjunction now עַתָּה֙ H6258 Adverb they will say יֹֽאמְר֔וּ H559 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural We have לָ֑נוּ Preposition | first person common plural no אֵ֥ין H369 Adverb king מֶ֖לֶךְ H4428 Noun - masculine singular for כִּ֣י H3588 Conjunction we do not לֹ֤א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle revere יָרֵ֙אנוּ֙ H3372 Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker the LORD יְהֹוָ֔ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular What מַה־ H4100 Interrogative can a king וְהַמֶּ֖לֶךְ H4428 Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singular do יַּֽעֲשֶׂה־ H6213 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular for us לָּֽנוּ׃ Preposition | first person common plural
Verse 4

Original words

They speak דִּבְּר֣וּ H1696 Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person common plural mere words דְבָרִ֔ים H1697 Noun - masculine plural with false שָׁ֖וְא H7723 Noun - masculine singular oaths אָל֥וֹת H422 Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolute they make כָּרֹ֣ת H3772 Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolute covenants בְּרִ֑ית H1285 Noun - feminine singular So judgment מִשְׁפָּ֔ט H4941 Noun - masculine singular springs up וּפָרַ֤ח H6524 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular like poisonous weeds כָּרֹאשׁ֙ H7219 Preposition-k, Article | Noun - masculine singular in עַ֖ל H5921 Preposition the furrows תַּלְמֵ֥י H8525 Noun - masculine plural construct of a field שָׂדָֽי׃ H7704 Noun - masculine singular
Verse 5

Original words

The people שְׁכַ֣ן H7934 Noun - masculine singular construct of Samaria שֹֽׁמְר֑וֹן H8111 Noun - proper - feminine singular will fear יָג֖וּרוּ H1481 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural for the calf לְעֶגְלוֹת֙ H5697 Preposition-l | Noun - feminine plural construct of בֵּ֣ית H1007 Preposition Beth-aven אָ֔וֶן H1007 Noun - proper - feminine singular Indeed כִּי־ H3588 Conjunction its people עַמּ֗וֹ H5971 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular will mourn אָבַ֨ל H56 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular over it עָלָ֜יו H5921 Preposition | third person masculine singular with its idolatrous priests וּכְמָרָיו֙ H3649 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular עָלָ֣יו עָלָ֣יו H5921 Preposition | third person masculine singular those who rejoiced יָגִ֔ילוּ H1523 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural in עַל־ H5921 Preposition its glory כְּבוֹד֖וֹ H3519 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular for כִּֽי־ H3588 Conjunction it has been taken from them into exile גָלָ֥ה H1540 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ H4480 Preposition | third person masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Beth-aven means house of wickedness. This is a derogatory term for Bethel, which means house of God; see 1 Kings 12:28–29.
Verse 6

Original words

Yes גַּם־ H1571 Conjunction - אוֹתוֹ֙ H853 Direct object marker | third person masculine singular it will be carried יוּבָ֔ל H2986 Verb - Hofal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular to Assyria לְאַשּׁ֣וּר H804 Preposition-l | Noun - proper - feminine singular as tribute מִנְחָ֖ה H4503 Noun - feminine singular to the great יָרֵ֑ב H3377 Noun - proper - masculine singular king לְמֶ֣לֶךְ H4428 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular Ephraim אֶפְרַ֣יִם H669 Noun - proper - masculine singular will be seized יִקָּ֔ח H3947 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular with shame בָּשְׁנָה֙ H1317 Noun - feminine singular Israel יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular will be ashamed וְיֵב֥וֹשׁ H954 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine singular of its wooden idols מֵעֲצָתֽוֹ׃ H6098 Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Or to King Jareb
  • That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; also in verse 11
  • Or of its own counsel
Verse 7

Original words

Samaria שֹׁמְר֖וֹן H8111 Noun - proper - feminine singular will be carried off נִדְמֶ֥ה H1820 Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine singular [with] her king מַלְכָּ֑הּ H4428 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singular like a twig כְּקֶ֖צֶף H7110 Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular on עַל־ H5921 Preposition the surface פְּנֵי־ H6440 Noun - masculine plural construct of the water מָֽיִם׃ H4325 Noun - masculine plural
Verse 8

Original words

The high places בָּמ֣וֹת H1116 Noun - feminine plural construct of Aven אָ֗וֶן H205 Noun - masculine singular will be destroyed וְנִשְׁמְד֞וּ H8045 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural [it is] the sin חַטַּאת֙ H2403 Noun - feminine singular construct of Israel יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular thorns ק֣וֹץ H6975 Noun - masculine singular and thistles וְדַרְדַּ֔ר H1863 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular will overgrow יַעֲלֶ֖ה H5927 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . עַל־ H5921 Preposition their altars מִזְבְּחוֹתָ֑ם H4196 Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural Then they will say וְאָמְר֤וּ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural to the mountains לֶֽהָרִים֙ H2022 Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine plural Cover us כַּסּ֔וּנוּ H3680 Verb - Piel - Imperative - masculine plural | first person common plural and to the hills וְלַגְּבָע֖וֹת H1389 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l, Article | Noun - feminine plural Fall נִפְל֥וּ H5307 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural on us עָלֵֽינוּ׃ס H5921 Preposition | first person common plural

BSB notes

  • Or of wickedness; Aven is a reference to Beth-aven (a derogatory term for Bethel); see verse 5.
  • Cited in Luke 23:30; see also Revelation 6:16.

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.