Focused Passage

Exodus 1:8-14

Israel Multiplies Under Oppression

The sons of Israel multiply in Egypt, Egypt responds with fear and oppression, but the LORD preserves His covenant people through faithful resistance and providential protection.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

8Then a new king, who did not know Joseph, came to power in Egypt.

9“Look,” he said to his people, “the Israelites have become too numerous and too powerful for us.

10Come, let us deal shrewdly with them, or they will increase even more; and if a war breaks out, they may join our enemies, fight against us, and leave the country.”

11So the Egyptians appointed taskmasters over the Israelites to oppress them with forced labor. As a result, they built Pithom and Rameses as store cities for Pharaoh.

12But the more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied and flourished; so the Egyptians came to dread the Israelites.

13They worked the Israelites ruthlessly

14and made their lives bitter with hard labor in brick and mortar, and with all kinds of work in the fields. Every service they imposed was harsh.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 8

Original words

Then a newחָדָ֖שׁH2319Adjective - masculine singularkingמֶֽלֶךְ־H4428Noun - masculine singularwhoאֲשֶׁ֥רH834Pronoun - relativedid notלֹֽא־H3808Adverb - Negative particleknowיָדַ֖עH3045Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerJosephיוֹסֵֽף׃H3130Noun - proper - masculine singularcame to powerוַיָּ֥קָםH6965Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularinעַל־H5921PrepositionEgyptמִצְרָ֑יִםH4714Noun - proper - feminine singular
Verse 9

Original words

Lookהִנֵּ֗הH2009Interjectionhe saidוַיֹּ֖אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulartoאֶל־H413Prepositionhis peopleעַמּ֑וֹH5971Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularthe Israelitesבְּנֵ֣יH1121Noun - masculine plural construct. . .יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .עַ֚םH5971Noun - masculine singular construct[have become] too numerousרַ֥בH7227Adjective - masculine singularand too powerfulוְעָצ֖וּםH6099Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine singularfor usמִמֶּֽנּוּ׃H4480Preposition | first person common plural
Verse 10

Original words

Comeהָ֥בָהH3051Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular | third person feminine singularlet us deal shrewdlyנִֽתְחַכְּמָ֖הH2449Verb - Hitpael - Imperfect Cohortative - first person common pluralwith themל֑וֹPreposition | third person masculine singularorפֶּן־H6435Conjunctionthey will increase even moreיִרְבֶּ֗הH7235Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularand ifוְהָיָ֞הH1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular. . .כִּֽי־H3588Conjunctiona warמִלְחָמָה֙H4421Noun - feminine singularbreaks outתִקְרֶ֤אנָהH7122Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine pluraltheyהוּא֙H1931Pronoun - third person masculine singular. . .עַל־H5921Prepositionmay joinוְנוֹסַ֤ףH3254Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular. . .גַּם־H1571Conjunctionour enemiesשֹׂ֣נְאֵ֔ינוּH8130Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct | first person common pluralfightוְנִלְחַם־H3898Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularagainst usבָּ֖נוּPreposition | first person common pluraland leaveוְעָלָ֥הH5927Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular. . .מִן־H4480Prepositionthe countryהָאָֽרֶץ׃H776Article | Noun - feminine singular

BSB notes

  • Or and take the country
Verse 11

Original words

So [the Egyptians] appointedוַיָּשִׂ֤ימוּH7760Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluraltaskmastersשָׂרֵ֣יH8269Noun - masculine plural construct. . .מִסִּ֔יםH4522Noun - masculine pluraloverעָלָיו֙H5921Preposition | third person masculine singularthe Israelites toלְמַ֥עַןH4616Conjunctionoppress themעַנֹּת֖וֹH6031Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct | third person masculine singularwith forced laborבְּסִבְלֹתָ֑םH5450Preposition-b | Noun - feminine plural construct | third person masculine pluralAs a result, they builtוַיִּ֜בֶןH1129Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularPithomפִּתֹ֖םH6619Noun - proper - feminine singular-וְאֶת־H853Conjunctive waw | Direct object markerand Ramesesרַעַמְסֵֽס׃H7486Noun - proper - feminine singularas storeמִסְכְּנוֹת֙H4543Noun - feminine pluralcitiesעָרֵ֤יH5892Noun - feminine plural constructfor Pharaohלְפַרְעֹ֔הH6547Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object marker
Verse 12

Original words

-וְכַאֲשֶׁר֙H834Conjunctive waw, Preposition-k | Pronoun - relativeBut the more they were oppressedיְעַנּ֣וּH6031Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine plural-אֹת֔וֹH853Direct object marker | third person masculine singular-כֵּ֥ןH3651Adverbthe more they multipliedיִרְבֶּ֖הH7235Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .וְכֵ֣ןH3651Conjunctive waw | Adverband flourishedיִפְרֹ֑ץH6555Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularso the Egyptians came to dreadוַיָּקֻ֕צוּH6973Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural. . .מִפְּנֵ֖יH6440Preposition-m | Noun - common plural constructthe Israelitesבְּנֵ֥יH1121Noun - masculine plural construct. . .יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃H3478Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 13

Original words

They workedוַיַּעֲבִ֧דוּH5647Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural. . .מִצְרַ֛יִםH4713Noun - proper - feminine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerthe Israelitesבְּנֵ֥יH1121Noun - masculine plural construct. . .יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singularruthlesslyבְּפָֽרֶךְ׃H6531Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 14

Original words

and made their livesחַיֵּיהֶ֜םH2416Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine pluralbitterוַיְמָרְר֨וּH4843Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural-אֶת־H853Direct object markerwith hardקָשָׁ֗הH7186Adjective - feminine singularlaborבַּעֲבֹדָ֣הH5656Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singularin brickוּבִלְבֵנִ֔יםH3843Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - feminine pluraland mortarבְּחֹ֙מֶר֙H2563Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singularand with all kindsוּבְכָל־H3605Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructof workעֲבֹדָ֖הH5656Noun - feminine singularin the fieldsבַּשָּׂדֶ֑הH7704Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular-אֵ֚תH853Direct object markerEveryכָּל־H3605Noun - masculine singular constructserviceעֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔םH5656Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine plural-אֲשֶׁר־H834Pronoun - relativethey imposedעָבְד֥וּH5647Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralwas harshבְּפָֽרֶךְ׃H6531Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular

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