Focused Passage

Exodus 1:8-14

Israel Multiplies Under Oppression

The sons of Israel multiply in Egypt, Egypt responds with fear and oppression, but the LORD preserves His covenant people through faithful resistance and providential protection.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

8 Then a new king, who did not know Joseph, came to power in Egypt.

9 “Look,” he said to his people, “the Israelites have become too numerous and too powerful for us.

10 Come, let us deal shrewdly with them, or they will increase even more; and if a war breaks out, they may join our enemies, fight against us, and leave the country.”

11 So the Egyptians appointed taskmasters over the Israelites to oppress them with forced labor. As a result, they built Pithom and Rameses as store cities for Pharaoh.

12 But the more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied and flourished; so the Egyptians came to dread the Israelites.

13 They worked the Israelites ruthlessly

14 and made their lives bitter with hard labor in brick and mortar, and with all kinds of work in the fields. Every service they imposed was harsh.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 8

Original words

Then a new חָדָ֖שׁ H2319 Adjective - masculine singular king מֶֽלֶךְ־ H4428 Noun - masculine singular who אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834 Pronoun - relative did not לֹֽא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle know יָדַ֖ע H3045 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker Joseph יוֹסֵֽף׃ H3130 Noun - proper - masculine singular came to power וַיָּ֥קָם H6965 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular in עַל־ H5921 Preposition Egypt מִצְרָ֑יִם H4714 Noun - proper - feminine singular
Verse 9

Original words

Look הִנֵּ֗ה H2009 Interjection he said וַיֹּ֖אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition his people עַמּ֑וֹ H5971 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular the Israelites בְּנֵ֣י H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct . . . יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular . . . עַ֚ם H5971 Noun - masculine singular construct [have become] too numerous רַ֥ב H7227 Adjective - masculine singular and too powerful וְעָצ֖וּם H6099 Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine singular for us מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ H4480 Preposition | first person common plural
Verse 10

Original words

Come הָ֥בָה H3051 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular | third person feminine singular let us deal shrewdly נִֽתְחַכְּמָ֖ה H2449 Verb - Hitpael - Imperfect Cohortative - first person common plural with them ל֑וֹ Preposition | third person masculine singular or פֶּן־ H6435 Conjunction they will increase even more יִרְבֶּ֗ה H7235 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular and if וְהָיָ֞ה H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular . . . כִּֽי־ H3588 Conjunction a war מִלְחָמָה֙ H4421 Noun - feminine singular breaks out תִקְרֶ֤אנָה H7122 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine plural they הוּא֙ H1931 Pronoun - third person masculine singular . . . עַל־ H5921 Preposition may join וְנוֹסַ֤ף H3254 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular . . . גַּם־ H1571 Conjunction our enemies שֹׂ֣נְאֵ֔ינוּ H8130 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct | first person common plural fight וְנִלְחַם־ H3898 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular against us בָּ֖נוּ Preposition | first person common plural and leave וְעָלָ֥ה H5927 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular . . . מִן־ H4480 Preposition the country הָאָֽרֶץ׃ H776 Article | Noun - feminine singular

BSB notes

  • Or and take the country
Verse 11

Original words

So [the Egyptians] appointed וַיָּשִׂ֤ימוּ H7760 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural taskmasters שָׂרֵ֣י H8269 Noun - masculine plural construct . . . מִסִּ֔ים H4522 Noun - masculine plural over עָלָיו֙ H5921 Preposition | third person masculine singular the Israelites to לְמַ֥עַן H4616 Conjunction oppress them עַנֹּת֖וֹ H6031 Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct | third person masculine singular with forced labor בְּסִבְלֹתָ֑ם H5450 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine plural construct | third person masculine plural As a result, they built וַיִּ֜בֶן H1129 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Pithom פִּתֹ֖ם H6619 Noun - proper - feminine singular - וְאֶת־ H853 Conjunctive waw | Direct object marker and Rameses רַעַמְסֵֽס׃ H7486 Noun - proper - feminine singular as store מִסְכְּנוֹת֙ H4543 Noun - feminine plural cities עָרֵ֤י H5892 Noun - feminine plural construct for Pharaoh לְפַרְעֹ֔ה H6547 Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker
Verse 12

Original words

- וְכַאֲשֶׁר֙ H834 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-k | Pronoun - relative But the more they were oppressed יְעַנּ֣וּ H6031 Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine plural - אֹת֔וֹ H853 Direct object marker | third person masculine singular - כֵּ֥ן H3651 Adverb the more they multiplied יִרְבֶּ֖ה H7235 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . וְכֵ֣ן H3651 Conjunctive waw | Adverb and flourished יִפְרֹ֑ץ H6555 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular so the Egyptians came to dread וַיָּקֻ֕צוּ H6973 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural . . . מִפְּנֵ֖י H6440 Preposition-m | Noun - common plural construct the Israelites בְּנֵ֥י H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct . . . יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 13

Original words

They worked וַיַּעֲבִ֧דוּ H5647 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural . . . מִצְרַ֛יִם H4713 Noun - proper - feminine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker the Israelites בְּנֵ֥י H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct . . . יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular ruthlessly בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃ H6531 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 14

Original words

and made their lives חַיֵּיהֶ֜ם H2416 Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural bitter וַיְמָרְר֨וּ H4843 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker with hard קָשָׁ֗ה H7186 Adjective - feminine singular labor בַּעֲבֹדָ֣ה H5656 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular in brick וּבִלְבֵנִ֔ים H3843 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - feminine plural and mortar בְּחֹ֙מֶר֙ H2563 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular and with all kinds וּבְכָל־ H3605 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct of work עֲבֹדָ֖ה H5656 Noun - feminine singular in the fields בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה H7704 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular - אֵ֚ת H853 Direct object marker Every כָּל־ H3605 Noun - masculine singular construct service עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔ם H5656 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine plural - אֲשֶׁר־ H834 Pronoun - relative they imposed עָבְד֥וּ H5647 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural was harsh בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃ H6531 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular

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