Focused Passage

Exodus 19:16-25

At Sinai: Covenant Calling, Consecration, and the LORD’s Descent

Israel arrives at Sinai, the LORD reminds them of His saving grace, calls them to covenant obedience and holy identity, the people pledge obedience, Moses consecrates them, and the LORD descends on the mountain in fire, smoke, thunder, trumpet blast, and holiness.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

16On the third day, when morning came, there was thunder and lightning. A thick cloud was upon the mountain, and a very loud blast of the ram’s horn went out, so that all the people in the camp trembled.

17Then Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet with God, and they stood at the foot of the mountain.

18Mount Sinai was completely enveloped in smoke, because the LORD had descended on it in fire. And the smoke rose like the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mountain quaked violently.

19And as the sound of the ram’s horn grew louder and louder, Moses spoke and God answered him in the thunder.

20The LORD descended to the top of Mount Sinai and called Moses to the summit. So Moses went up,

21and the LORD said to him, “Go down and warn the people not to break through to see the LORD, lest many of them perish.

22Even the priests who approach the LORD must consecrate themselves, or the LORD will break out against them.”

23But Moses said to the LORD, “The people cannot come up Mount Sinai, for You solemnly warned us, ‘Put a boundary around the mountain and set it apart as holy.’”

24And the LORD replied, “Go down and bring Aaron with you. But the priests and the people must not break through to come up to the LORD, or He will break out against them.”

25So Moses went down to the people and spoke to them.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 16

Original words

On the thirdהַשְּׁלִישִׁ֜יH7992Article | Number - ordinal masculine singulardayבַיּ֨וֹםH3117Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularwhen morningהַבֹּ֗קֶרH1242Article | Noun - masculine singular. . .וַיְהִי֩H1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularcameוַיְהִי֩H1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularthere wasבִּֽהְיֹ֣תH1961Preposition-b | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructthunderקֹלֹ֨תH6963Noun - masculine pluraland lightningוּבְרָקִ֜יםH1300Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine pluralA thickכָּבֵד֙H3515Adjective - masculine singularcloudוְעָנָ֤ןH6051Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singularwas uponעַל־H5921Prepositionthe mountainהָהָ֔רH2022Article | Noun - masculine singularand a very loudחָזָ֣קH2389Adjective - masculine singular. . .מְאֹ֑דH3966Adverbblastוְקֹ֥לH6963Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular constructof the ram’s horn [went out]שֹׁפָ֖רH7782Noun - masculine singularso that allכָּל־H3605Noun - masculine singular constructthe peopleהָעָ֖םH5971Article | Noun - masculine singular-אֲשֶׁ֥רH834Pronoun - relativein the campבַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃H4264Preposition-b, Article | Noun - common singulartrembledוַיֶּחֱרַ֥דH2729Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 17

Original words

Then Mosesמֹשֶׁ֧הH4872Noun - proper - masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerbroughtוַיּוֹצֵ֨אH3318Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularthe peopleהָעָ֛םH5971Article | Noun - masculine singularout ofמִן־H4480Prepositionthe campהַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑הH4264Article | Noun - common singularto meetלִקְרַ֥אתH7122Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructwith Godהָֽאֱלֹהִ֖יםH430Article | Noun - masculine pluraland they stoodוַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּH3320Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hitpael - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralat the footבְּתַחְתִּ֥יתH8482Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular constructof the mountainהָהָֽר׃H2022Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 18

Original words

Mountוְהַ֤רH2022Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular constructSinaiסִינַי֙H5514Noun - proper - feminine singularwas completelyכֻּלּ֔וֹH3605Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularenveloped in smokeעָשַׁ֣ןH6225Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularbecauseמִ֠פְּנֵיH6440Preposition-m | Noun - common plural construct-אֲשֶׁ֨רH834Pronoun - relativethe LORDיְהוָ֖הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularhad descendedיָרַ֥דH3381Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularon itעָלָ֛יוH5921Preposition | third person masculine singularin fireבָּאֵ֑שׁH784Preposition-b, Article | Noun - common singularAnd the smokeעֲשָׁנוֹ֙H6227Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularroseוַיַּ֤עַלH5927Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularlike the smokeכְּעֶ֣שֶׁןH6227Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular constructof a furnaceהַכִּבְשָׁ֔ןH3536Article | Noun - masculine singularand the wholeכָּל־H3605Noun - masculine singular constructmountainהָהָ֖רH2022Article | Noun - masculine singularquakedוַיֶּחֱרַ֥דH2729Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularviolentlyמְאֹֽד׃H3966Adverb
Verse 19

Original words

And asוַיְהִי֙H1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularthe soundק֣וֹלH6963Noun - masculine singular constructof the ram’s hornהַשּׁוֹפָ֔רH7782Article | Noun - masculine singulargrew louderהוֹלֵ֖ךְH1980Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular. . .וְחָזֵ֣קH2390Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine singularand louderמְאֹ֑דH3966AdverbMosesמֹשֶׁ֣הH4872Noun - proper - masculine singularspokeיְדַבֵּ֔רH1696Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singularand Godוְהָאֱלֹהִ֖יםH430Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine pluralanswered himיַעֲנֶ֥נּוּH6030Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singularin the thunderבְקֽוֹל׃H6963Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 20

Original words

The LORDיְהוָ֛הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singulardescendedוַיֵּ֧רֶדH3381Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulartoאֶל־H413Prepositionthe topרֹ֣אשׁH7218Noun - masculine singular construct-הָהָ֑רH2022Article | Noun - masculine singularofעַל־H5921PrepositionMountהַ֥רH2022Noun - masculine singular constructSinaiסִינַ֖יH5514Noun - proper - feminine singular[and]יְהוָ֧הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularcalledוַיִּקְרָ֨אH7121Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularMosesלְמֹשֶׁ֛הH4872Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singulartoאֶל־H413Prepositionthe summitרֹ֥אשׁH7218Noun - masculine singular construct. . .הָהָ֖רH2022Article | Noun - masculine singularSo [Moses]מֹשֶֽׁה׃H4872Noun - proper - masculine singularwent upוַיַּ֥עַלH5927Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 21

Original words

and the LORDיְהוָה֙H3068Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .אֶל־H413Prepositionsaidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularto [him]מֹשֶׁ֔הH4872Noun - proper - masculine singularGo downרֵ֖דH3381Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singularand warnהָעֵ֣דH5749Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine singularthe peopleבָּעָ֑םH5971Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularnotפֶּן־H6435Conjunctionto break throughיֶהֶרְס֤וּH2040Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural. . .אֶל־H413Prepositionto seeלִרְא֔וֹתH7200Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructthe LORDיְהוָה֙H3068Noun - proper - masculine singular[lest] manyרָֽב׃H7227Adjective - masculine singularof themמִמֶּ֖נּוּH4480Preposition | third person masculine singularperishוְנָפַ֥לH5307Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 22

Original words

Evenוְגַ֧םH1571Conjunctionthe priestsהַכֹּהֲנִ֛יםH3548Article | Noun - masculine pluralwho approachהַנִּגָּשִׁ֥יםH5066Article | Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine plural. . .אֶל־H413Prepositionthe LORDיְהוָ֖הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularmust consecrate themselvesיִתְקַדָּ֑שׁוּH6942Verb - Hitpael - Imperfect - third person masculine pluralorפֶּן־H6435Conjunctionthe LORDיְהוָֽה׃H3068Noun - proper - masculine singularwill break outיִפְרֹ֥ץH6555Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularagainst themבָּהֶ֖םPreposition | third person masculine plural
Verse 23

Original words

But Mosesמֹשֶׁה֙H4872Noun - proper - masculine singularsaidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulartoאֶל־H413Prepositionthe LORDיְהוָ֔הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularThe peopleהָעָ֔םH5971Article | Noun - masculine singularcannotלֹא־H3808Adverb - Negative particle. . .יוּכַ֣לH3201Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularcome upלַעֲלֹ֖תH5927Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct. . .אֶל־H413PrepositionMountהַ֣רH2022Noun - masculine singular constructSinaiסִינָ֑יH5514Noun - proper - feminine singularforכִּֽי־H3588ConjunctionYouאַתָּ֞הH859Pronoun - second person masculine singularsolemnly warnedהַעֵדֹ֤תָהH5749Verb - Hifil - Perfect - second person masculine singularusבָּ֙נוּ֙Preposition | first person common plural. . .לֵאמֹ֔רH559Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructPut a boundary aroundהַגְבֵּ֥לH1379Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerthe mountainהָהָ֖רH2022Article | Noun - masculine singularand set it apart as holyוְקִדַּשְׁתּֽוֹ׃H6942Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular | third person masculine singular
Verse 24

Original words

And the LORDיְהוָה֙H3068Noun - proper - masculine singularrepliedוַיֹּ֨אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular-אֵלָ֤יוH413Preposition | third person masculine singularGoלֶךְ־H1980Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singulardownרֵ֔דH3381Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singularand bringוְעָלִ֥יתָH5927Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singularAaronוְאַהֲרֹ֣ןH175Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singularwithעִמָּ֑ךְH5973Preposition | second person masculine singularyouאַתָּ֖הH859Pronoun - second person masculine singularBut the priestsוְהַכֹּהֲנִ֣יםH3548Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine pluraland the peopleוְהָעָ֗םH5971Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singularmust notאַל־H408Adverbbreak throughיֶֽהֶרְס֛וּH2040Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine pluralto come upלַעֲלֹ֥תH5927Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructtoאֶל־H413Prepositionthe LORDיְהוָ֖הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularorפֶּן־H6435ConjunctionHe will break outיִפְרָץ־H6555Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularagainst themבָּֽם׃Preposition | third person masculine plural
Verse 25

Original words

So Mosesמֹשֶׁ֖הH4872Noun - proper - masculine singularwent downוַיֵּ֥רֶדH3381Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulartoאֶל־H413Prepositionthe peopleהָעָ֑םH5971Article | Noun - masculine singularand spokeוַיֹּ֖אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularto themאֲלֵהֶֽם׃סH413Preposition | third person masculine plural

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.