Focused Passage

Exodus 19:16-25

At Sinai: Covenant Calling, Consecration, and the LORD’s Descent

Israel arrives at Sinai, the LORD reminds them of His saving grace, calls them to covenant obedience and holy identity, the people pledge obedience, Moses consecrates them, and the LORD descends on the mountain in fire, smoke, thunder, trumpet blast, and holiness.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

16 On the third day, when morning came, there was thunder and lightning. A thick cloud was upon the mountain, and a very loud blast of the ram’s horn went out, so that all the people in the camp trembled.

17 Then Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet with God, and they stood at the foot of the mountain.

18 Mount Sinai was completely enveloped in smoke, because the LORD had descended on it in fire. And the smoke rose like the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mountain quaked violently.

19 And as the sound of the ram’s horn grew louder and louder, Moses spoke and God answered him in the thunder.

20 The LORD descended to the top of Mount Sinai and called Moses to the summit. So Moses went up,

21 and the LORD said to him, “Go down and warn the people not to break through to see the LORD, lest many of them perish.

22 Even the priests who approach the LORD must consecrate themselves, or the LORD will break out against them.”

23 But Moses said to the LORD, “The people cannot come up Mount Sinai, for You solemnly warned us, ‘Put a boundary around the mountain and set it apart as holy.’”

24 And the LORD replied, “Go down and bring Aaron with you. But the priests and the people must not break through to come up to the LORD, or He will break out against them.”

25 So Moses went down to the people and spoke to them.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 16

Original words

On the third הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֜י H7992 Article | Number - ordinal masculine singular day בַיּ֨וֹם H3117 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular when morning הַבֹּ֗קֶר H1242 Article | Noun - masculine singular . . . וַיְהִי֩ H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular came וַיְהִי֩ H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular there was בִּֽהְיֹ֣ת H1961 Preposition-b | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct thunder קֹלֹ֨ת H6963 Noun - masculine plural and lightning וּבְרָקִ֜ים H1300 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural A thick כָּבֵד֙ H3515 Adjective - masculine singular cloud וְעָנָ֤ן H6051 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular was upon עַל־ H5921 Preposition the mountain הָהָ֔ר H2022 Article | Noun - masculine singular and a very loud חָזָ֣ק H2389 Adjective - masculine singular . . . מְאֹ֑ד H3966 Adverb blast וְקֹ֥ל H6963 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct of the ram’s horn [went out] שֹׁפָ֖ר H7782 Noun - masculine singular so that all כָּל־ H3605 Noun - masculine singular construct the people הָעָ֖ם H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular - אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834 Pronoun - relative in the camp בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ H4264 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - common singular trembled וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד H2729 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 17

Original words

Then Moses מֹשֶׁ֧ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker brought וַיּוֹצֵ֨א H3318 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular the people הָעָ֛ם H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular out of מִן־ H4480 Preposition the camp הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה H4264 Article | Noun - common singular to meet לִקְרַ֥את H7122 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct with God הָֽאֱלֹהִ֖ים H430 Article | Noun - masculine plural and they stood וַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ H3320 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hitpael - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural at the foot בְּתַחְתִּ֥ית H8482 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct of the mountain הָהָֽר׃ H2022 Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 18

Original words

Mount וְהַ֤ר H2022 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct Sinai סִינַי֙ H5514 Noun - proper - feminine singular was completely כֻּלּ֔וֹ H3605 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular enveloped in smoke עָשַׁ֣ן H6225 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular because מִ֠פְּנֵי H6440 Preposition-m | Noun - common plural construct - אֲשֶׁ֨ר H834 Pronoun - relative the LORD יְהוָ֖ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular had descended יָרַ֥ד H3381 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular on it עָלָ֛יו H5921 Preposition | third person masculine singular in fire בָּאֵ֑שׁ H784 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - common singular And the smoke עֲשָׁנוֹ֙ H6227 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular rose וַיַּ֤עַל H5927 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular like the smoke כְּעֶ֣שֶׁן H6227 Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular construct of a furnace הַכִּבְשָׁ֔ן H3536 Article | Noun - masculine singular and the whole כָּל־ H3605 Noun - masculine singular construct mountain הָהָ֖ר H2022 Article | Noun - masculine singular quaked וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד H2729 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular violently מְאֹֽד׃ H3966 Adverb
Verse 19

Original words

And as וַיְהִי֙ H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular the sound ק֣וֹל H6963 Noun - masculine singular construct of the ram’s horn הַשּׁוֹפָ֔ר H7782 Article | Noun - masculine singular grew louder הוֹלֵ֖ךְ H1980 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular . . . וְחָזֵ֣ק H2390 Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine singular and louder מְאֹ֑ד H3966 Adverb Moses מֹשֶׁ֣ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular spoke יְדַבֵּ֔ר H1696 Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singular and God וְהָאֱלֹהִ֖ים H430 Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine plural answered him יַעֲנֶ֥נּוּ H6030 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular in the thunder בְקֽוֹל׃ H6963 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 20

Original words

The LORD יְהוָ֛ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular descended וַיֵּ֧רֶד H3381 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition the top רֹ֣אשׁ H7218 Noun - masculine singular construct - הָהָ֑ר H2022 Article | Noun - masculine singular of עַל־ H5921 Preposition Mount הַ֥ר H2022 Noun - masculine singular construct Sinai סִינַ֖י H5514 Noun - proper - feminine singular [and] יְהוָ֧ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular called וַיִּקְרָ֨א H7121 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Moses לְמֹשֶׁ֛ה H4872 Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition the summit רֹ֥אשׁ H7218 Noun - masculine singular construct . . . הָהָ֖ר H2022 Article | Noun - masculine singular So [Moses] מֹשֶֽׁה׃ H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular went up וַיַּ֥עַל H5927 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 21

Original words

and the LORD יְהוָה֙ H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular . . . אֶל־ H413 Preposition said וַיֹּ֤אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to [him] מֹשֶׁ֔ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular Go down רֵ֖ד H3381 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular and warn הָעֵ֣ד H5749 Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine singular the people בָּעָ֑ם H5971 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular not פֶּן־ H6435 Conjunction to break through יֶהֶרְס֤וּ H2040 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural . . . אֶל־ H413 Preposition to see לִרְא֔וֹת H7200 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct the LORD יְהוָה֙ H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular [lest] many רָֽב׃ H7227 Adjective - masculine singular of them מִמֶּ֖נּוּ H4480 Preposition | third person masculine singular perish וְנָפַ֥ל H5307 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 22

Original words

Even וְגַ֧ם H1571 Conjunction the priests הַכֹּהֲנִ֛ים H3548 Article | Noun - masculine plural who approach הַנִּגָּשִׁ֥ים H5066 Article | Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine plural . . . אֶל־ H413 Preposition the LORD יְהוָ֖ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular must consecrate themselves יִתְקַדָּ֑שׁוּ H6942 Verb - Hitpael - Imperfect - third person masculine plural or פֶּן־ H6435 Conjunction the LORD יְהוָֽה׃ H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular will break out יִפְרֹ֥ץ H6555 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular against them בָּהֶ֖ם Preposition | third person masculine plural
Verse 23

Original words

But Moses מֹשֶׁה֙ H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular said וַיֹּ֤אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition the LORD יְהוָ֔ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular The people הָעָ֔ם H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular cannot לֹא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle . . . יוּכַ֣ל H3201 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular come up לַעֲלֹ֖ת H5927 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct . . . אֶל־ H413 Preposition Mount הַ֣ר H2022 Noun - masculine singular construct Sinai סִינָ֑י H5514 Noun - proper - feminine singular for כִּֽי־ H3588 Conjunction You אַתָּ֞ה H859 Pronoun - second person masculine singular solemnly warned הַעֵדֹ֤תָה H5749 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - second person masculine singular us בָּ֙נוּ֙ Preposition | first person common plural . . . לֵאמֹ֔ר H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct Put a boundary around הַגְבֵּ֥ל H1379 Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker the mountain הָהָ֖ר H2022 Article | Noun - masculine singular and set it apart as holy וְקִדַּשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ H6942 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular | third person masculine singular
Verse 24

Original words

And the LORD יְהוָה֙ H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular replied וַיֹּ֨אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular - אֵלָ֤יו H413 Preposition | third person masculine singular Go לֶךְ־ H1980 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular down רֵ֔ד H3381 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular and bring וְעָלִ֥יתָ H5927 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular Aaron וְאַהֲרֹ֣ן H175 Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular with עִמָּ֑ךְ H5973 Preposition | second person masculine singular you אַתָּ֖ה H859 Pronoun - second person masculine singular But the priests וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים H3548 Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine plural and the people וְהָעָ֗ם H5971 Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singular must not אַל־ H408 Adverb break through יֶֽהֶרְס֛וּ H2040 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural to come up לַעֲלֹ֥ת H5927 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct to אֶל־ H413 Preposition the LORD יְהוָ֖ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular or פֶּן־ H6435 Conjunction He will break out יִפְרָץ־ H6555 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular against them בָּֽם׃ Preposition | third person masculine plural
Verse 25

Original words

So Moses מֹשֶׁ֖ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular went down וַיֵּ֥רֶד H3381 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition the people הָעָ֑ם H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular and spoke וַיֹּ֖אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to them אֲלֵהֶֽם׃ס H413 Preposition | third person masculine plural

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.