Focused Passage

Romans 13:1-7

Submission to Governing Authorities, Love as the Fulfillment of the Law, and Life in the Light of the Coming Day

Paul moves from submission to governing authorities, to paying what is owed, to the continuing debt of love, to love as the fulfillment of the law, and finally to eschatological wakefulness, casting off darkness, putting on the armor of light, and clothing oneself with the Lord Jesus Christ.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1Everyone must submit himself to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which is from God. The authorities that exist have been appointed by God.

2Consequently, whoever resists authority is opposing what God has set in place, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves.

3For rulers are not a terror to good conduct, but to bad. Do you want to be unafraid of the one in authority? Then do what is right, and you will have his approval.

4For he is God’s servant for your good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for he does not carry the sword in vain. He is God’s servant, an agent of retribution to the wrongdoer.

5Therefore it is necessary to submit to authority, not only to avoid punishment, but also as a matter of conscience.

6This is also why you pay taxes. For the authorities are God’s servants, who devote themselves to their work.

7Pay everyone what you owe him: taxes to whom taxes are due, revenue to whom revenue is due, respect to whom respect is due, honor to whom honor is due.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

EveryoneΠᾶσαG3956Adjective - Nominative Feminine Singular. . .ψυχὴG5590Noun - Nominative Feminine Singularmust submit himselfὑποτασσέσθωG5293Verb - Present Imperative Passive - 3rd Person Singularto the governing authoritiesἐξουσίαιςG1849Noun - Dative Feminine Plural. . .ὑπερεχούσαιςG5242Verb - Present Participle Active - Dative Feminine PluralforγὰρG1063Conjunctionthere isἔστινG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularnoοὐG3756AdverbauthorityἐξουσίαG1849Noun - Nominative Feminine SingularexceptεἰG1487Conjunction. . .μὴG3361Adverb[that which is from]ὑπὸG5259PrepositionGodΘεοῦG2316Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular-δὲG1161Conjunction[The authorities] thatαἱG3588Article - Nominative Feminine PluralexistοὖσαιG1510Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Feminine Plural. . .εἰσίνG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Pluralhave been appointedτεταγμέναιG5021Verb - Perfect Participle Middle or Passive - Nominative Feminine PluralbyὑπὸG5259PrepositionGodΘεοῦG2316Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 2

Original words

ConsequentlyὥστεG5620ConjunctionwhoeverG3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingularresistsἀντιτασσόμενοςG498Verb - Present Participle Middle - Nominative Masculine Singular-τῇG3588Article - Dative Feminine SingularauthorityἐξουσίᾳG1849Noun - Dative Feminine Singularis opposingἀνθέστηκενG436Verb - Perfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularwhatτῇG3588Article - Dative Feminine Singular-τοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularGodΘεοῦG2316Noun - Genitive Masculine Singularhas set in placeδιαταγῇG1296Noun - Dative Feminine SingularandδὲG1161Conjunctionthose whoοἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine Plural[do so]ἀνθεστηκότεςG436Verb - Perfect Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Pluralwill bringλήμψονταιG2983Verb - Future Indicative Middle - 3rd Person PluraljudgmentκρίμαG2917Noun - Accusative Neuter Singularon themselvesἑαυτοῖςG1438Reflexive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Plural
Verse 3

Original words

ForγὰρG1063Conjunction-οἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine PluralrulersἄρχοντεςG758Noun - Nominative Masculine PluralareεἰσὶνG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person PluralnotοὐκG3756Adverba terrorφόβοςG5401Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular-τῷG3588Article - Dative Neuter Singularto goodἀγαθῷG18Adjective - Dative Neuter SingularconductἔργῳG2041Noun - Dative Neuter SingularbutἀλλὰG235Conjunction-τῷG3588Article - Dative Neuter Singularto badκακῷG2556Adjective - Dative Neuter Singular-δὲG1161ConjunctionDo you wantθέλειςG2309Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person SingularvvvμὴG3361Adverbto be unafraidφοβεῖσθαιG5399Verb - Present Infinitive Middle or Passiveof theτὴνG3588Article - Accusative Feminine Singularone in authorityἐξουσίανG1849Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular[Then] doποίειG4160Verb - Present Imperative Active - 2nd Person Singularwhat [is]τὸG3588Article - Accusative Neuter SingularrightἀγαθὸνG18Adjective - Accusative Neuter SingularandκαὶG2532Conjunctionyou will haveἕξειςG2192Verb - Future Indicative Active - 2nd Person SingularvvvἐξG1537PrepositionhisαὐτῆςG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Feminine 3rd Person SingularapprovalἔπαινονG1868Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular
Verse 4

Original words

ForγὰρG1063Conjunctionhe isἐστινG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularGod’sΘεοῦG2316Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularservantδιάκονόςG1249Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularforεἰςG1519PrepositionyourσοὶG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 2nd Person Singular-τὸG3588Article - Accusative Neuter SingulargoodἀγαθόνG18Adjective - Accusative Neuter SingularButδὲG1161ConjunctionifἐὰνG1437Conjunctionyou doποιῇςG4160Verb - Present Subjunctive Active - 2nd Person Singular-τὸG3588Article - Accusative Neuter SingularwrongκακὸνG2556Adjective - Accusative Neuter Singularbe afraidφοβοῦG5399Verb - Present Imperative Middle or Passive - 2nd Person SingularforγὰρG1063ConjunctionvvvοὐG3756Adverbhe does not carryφορεῖG5409Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingulartheτὴνG3588Article - Accusative Feminine SingularswordμάχαιρανG3162Noun - Accusative Feminine Singularin vainεἰκῇG1500Adverb-γὰρG1063ConjunctionHe isἐστινG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularGod’sΘεοῦG2316Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularservantδιάκονόςG1249Noun - Nominative Masculine Singularan agentἔκδικοςG1558Adjective - Nominative Masculine SingularofεἰςG1519PrepositionretributionὀργὴνG3709Noun - Accusative Feminine Singularto theτῷG3588Article - Dative Masculine SingularvvvτὸG3588Article - Accusative Neuter SingularvvvπράσσοντιG4238Verb - Present Participle Active - Dative Masculine SingularwrongdoerκακὸνG2556Adjective - Accusative Neuter Singular
Verse 5

Original words

ThereforeΔιὸG1352Conjunction[it is] necessaryἀνάγκηG318Noun - Nominative Feminine Singularto submit [ to authority ]ὑποτάσσεσθαιG5293Verb - Present Infinitive PassivenotοὐG3756AdverbonlyμόνονG3440Adverbto avoidδιὰG1223Preposition-τὴνG3588Article - Accusative Feminine SingularpunishmentὀργὴνG3709Noun - Accusative Feminine SingularbutἀλλὰG235ConjunctionalsoκαὶG2532Conjunctionas a matter ofδιὰG1223Preposition-τὴνG3588Article - Accusative Feminine SingularconscienceσυνείδησινG4893Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular
Verse 6

Original words

-γὰρG1063ConjunctionThis is also whyδιὰG1223Preposition. . .τοῦτοG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singular. . .καὶG2532Conjunctionyou payτελεῖτεG5055Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person PluraltaxesφόρουςG5411Noun - Accusative Masculine PluralForγὰρG1063Conjunction[the authorities] areεἰσινG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person PluralGod’sΘεοῦG2316Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularservantsλειτουργοὶG3011Noun - Nominative Masculine Pluralwho devote themselvesπροσκαρτεροῦντεςG4342Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine PluraltoεἰςG1519PrepositionvvvαὐτὸG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Neuter 3rd Person Singular[their work]τοῦτοG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singular
Verse 7

Original words

PayἀπόδοτεG591Verb - Aorist Imperative Active - 2nd Person PluraleveryoneπᾶσινG3956Adjective - Dative Masculine PluralwhatτὰςG3588Article - Accusative Feminine Pluralyou owe [him]ὀφειλάςG3782Noun - Accusative Feminine Plural-τὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingulartaxesφόρονG5411Noun - Accusative Masculine Singularto whomτῷG3588Article - Dative Masculine Singular-τὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine Singulartaxes [are due]φόρονG5411Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular-τὸG3588Article - Accusative Neuter SingularrevenueτέλοςG5056Noun - Accusative Neuter Singularto whomτῷG3588Article - Dative Masculine Singular-τὸG3588Article - Accusative Neuter Singularrevenue [is due]τέλοςG5056Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular-τὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularrespectφόβονG5401Noun - Accusative Masculine Singularto whomτῷG3588Article - Dative Masculine Singular-τὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine Singularrespect [is due]φόβονG5401Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular-τὴνG3588Article - Accusative Feminine SingularhonorτιμήνG5092Noun - Accusative Feminine Singularto whomτῷG3588Article - Dative Masculine Singular-τὴνG3588Article - Accusative Feminine Singularhonor [is due]τιμὴνG5092Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.