Focused Passage

Romans 13:1-7

Submission to Governing Authorities, Love as the Fulfillment of the Law, and Life in the Light of the Coming Day

Paul moves from submission to governing authorities, to paying what is owed, to the continuing debt of love, to love as the fulfillment of the law, and finally to eschatological wakefulness, casting off darkness, putting on the armor of light, and clothing oneself with the Lord Jesus Christ.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1 Everyone must submit himself to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which is from God. The authorities that exist have been appointed by God.

2 Consequently, whoever resists authority is opposing what God has set in place, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves.

3 For rulers are not a terror to good conduct, but to bad. Do you want to be unafraid of the one in authority? Then do what is right, and you will have his approval.

4 For he is God’s servant for your good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for he does not carry the sword in vain. He is God’s servant, an agent of retribution to the wrongdoer.

5 Therefore it is necessary to submit to authority, not only to avoid punishment, but also as a matter of conscience.

6 This is also why you pay taxes. For the authorities are God’s servants, who devote themselves to their work.

7 Pay everyone what you owe him: taxes to whom taxes are due, revenue to whom revenue is due, respect to whom respect is due, honor to whom honor is due.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Everyone Πᾶσα G3956 Adjective - Nominative Feminine Singular . . . ψυχὴ G5590 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular must submit himself ὑποτασσέσθω G5293 Verb - Present Imperative Passive - 3rd Person Singular to the governing authorities ἐξουσίαις G1849 Noun - Dative Feminine Plural . . . ὑπερεχούσαις G5242 Verb - Present Participle Active - Dative Feminine Plural for γὰρ G1063 Conjunction there is ἔστιν G1510 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular no οὐ G3756 Adverb authority ἐξουσία G1849 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular except εἰ G1487 Conjunction . . . μὴ G3361 Adverb [that which is from] ὑπὸ G5259 Preposition God Θεοῦ G2316 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular - δὲ G1161 Conjunction [The authorities] that αἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Feminine Plural exist οὖσαι G1510 Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Feminine Plural . . . εἰσίν G1510 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural have been appointed τεταγμέναι G5021 Verb - Perfect Participle Middle or Passive - Nominative Feminine Plural by ὑπὸ G5259 Preposition God Θεοῦ G2316 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 2

Original words

Consequently ὥστε G5620 Conjunction whoever G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular resists ἀντιτασσόμενος G498 Verb - Present Participle Middle - Nominative Masculine Singular - τῇ G3588 Article - Dative Feminine Singular authority ἐξουσίᾳ G1849 Noun - Dative Feminine Singular is opposing ἀνθέστηκεν G436 Verb - Perfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular what τῇ G3588 Article - Dative Feminine Singular - τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular God Θεοῦ G2316 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular has set in place διαταγῇ G1296 Noun - Dative Feminine Singular and δὲ G1161 Conjunction those who οἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Plural [do so] ἀνθεστηκότες G436 Verb - Perfect Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural will bring λήμψονται G2983 Verb - Future Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Plural judgment κρίμα G2917 Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular on themselves ἑαυτοῖς G1438 Reflexive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Plural
Verse 3

Original words

For γὰρ G1063 Conjunction - οἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Plural rulers ἄρχοντες G758 Noun - Nominative Masculine Plural are εἰσὶν G1510 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural not οὐκ G3756 Adverb a terror φόβος G5401 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular - τῷ G3588 Article - Dative Neuter Singular to good ἀγαθῷ G18 Adjective - Dative Neuter Singular conduct ἔργῳ G2041 Noun - Dative Neuter Singular but ἀλλὰ G235 Conjunction - τῷ G3588 Article - Dative Neuter Singular to bad κακῷ G2556 Adjective - Dative Neuter Singular - δὲ G1161 Conjunction Do you want θέλεις G2309 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person Singular vvv μὴ G3361 Adverb to be unafraid φοβεῖσθαι G5399 Verb - Present Infinitive Middle or Passive of the τὴν G3588 Article - Accusative Feminine Singular one in authority ἐξουσίαν G1849 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular [Then] do ποίει G4160 Verb - Present Imperative Active - 2nd Person Singular what [is] τὸ G3588 Article - Accusative Neuter Singular right ἀγαθὸν G18 Adjective - Accusative Neuter Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction you will have ἕξεις G2192 Verb - Future Indicative Active - 2nd Person Singular vvv ἐξ G1537 Preposition his αὐτῆς G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Feminine 3rd Person Singular approval ἔπαινον G1868 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular
Verse 4

Original words

For γὰρ G1063 Conjunction he is ἐστιν G1510 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular God’s Θεοῦ G2316 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular servant διάκονός G1249 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular for εἰς G1519 Preposition your σοὶ G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 2nd Person Singular - τὸ G3588 Article - Accusative Neuter Singular good ἀγαθόν G18 Adjective - Accusative Neuter Singular But δὲ G1161 Conjunction if ἐὰν G1437 Conjunction you do ποιῇς G4160 Verb - Present Subjunctive Active - 2nd Person Singular - τὸ G3588 Article - Accusative Neuter Singular wrong κακὸν G2556 Adjective - Accusative Neuter Singular be afraid φοβοῦ G5399 Verb - Present Imperative Middle or Passive - 2nd Person Singular for γὰρ G1063 Conjunction vvv οὐ G3756 Adverb he does not carry φορεῖ G5409 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular the τὴν G3588 Article - Accusative Feminine Singular sword μάχαιραν G3162 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular in vain εἰκῇ G1500 Adverb - γὰρ G1063 Conjunction He is ἐστιν G1510 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular God’s Θεοῦ G2316 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular servant διάκονός G1249 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular an agent ἔκδικος G1558 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Singular of εἰς G1519 Preposition retribution ὀργὴν G3709 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular to the τῷ G3588 Article - Dative Masculine Singular vvv τὸ G3588 Article - Accusative Neuter Singular vvv πράσσοντι G4238 Verb - Present Participle Active - Dative Masculine Singular wrongdoer κακὸν G2556 Adjective - Accusative Neuter Singular
Verse 5

Original words

Therefore Διὸ G1352 Conjunction [it is] necessary ἀνάγκη G318 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular to submit [ to authority ] ὑποτάσσεσθαι G5293 Verb - Present Infinitive Passive not οὐ G3756 Adverb only μόνον G3440 Adverb to avoid διὰ G1223 Preposition - τὴν G3588 Article - Accusative Feminine Singular punishment ὀργὴν G3709 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular but ἀλλὰ G235 Conjunction also καὶ G2532 Conjunction as a matter of διὰ G1223 Preposition - τὴν G3588 Article - Accusative Feminine Singular conscience συνείδησιν G4893 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular
Verse 6

Original words

- γὰρ G1063 Conjunction This is also why διὰ G1223 Preposition . . . τοῦτο G3778 Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singular . . . καὶ G2532 Conjunction you pay τελεῖτε G5055 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person Plural taxes φόρους G5411 Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural For γὰρ G1063 Conjunction [the authorities] are εἰσιν G1510 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural God’s Θεοῦ G2316 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular servants λειτουργοὶ G3011 Noun - Nominative Masculine Plural who devote themselves προσκαρτεροῦντες G4342 Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural to εἰς G1519 Preposition vvv αὐτὸ G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Neuter 3rd Person Singular [their work] τοῦτο G3778 Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singular
Verse 7

Original words

Pay ἀπόδοτε G591 Verb - Aorist Imperative Active - 2nd Person Plural everyone πᾶσιν G3956 Adjective - Dative Masculine Plural what τὰς G3588 Article - Accusative Feminine Plural you owe [him] ὀφειλάς G3782 Noun - Accusative Feminine Plural - τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular taxes φόρον G5411 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular to whom τῷ G3588 Article - Dative Masculine Singular - τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular taxes [are due] φόρον G5411 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular - τὸ G3588 Article - Accusative Neuter Singular revenue τέλος G5056 Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular to whom τῷ G3588 Article - Dative Masculine Singular - τὸ G3588 Article - Accusative Neuter Singular revenue [is due] τέλος G5056 Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular - τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular respect φόβον G5401 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular to whom τῷ G3588 Article - Dative Masculine Singular - τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular respect [is due] φόβον G5401 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular - τὴν G3588 Article - Accusative Feminine Singular honor τιμήν G5092 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular to whom τῷ G3588 Article - Dative Masculine Singular - τὴν G3588 Article - Accusative Feminine Singular honor [is due] τιμὴν G5092 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.