Focused Passage

Exodus 16:13-21

Manna, Quail, and the Testing of Daily Dependence

Israel grumbles from hunger, the LORD promises bread from heaven as a test of obedience, quail and manna are given, the people learn daily gathering, Sabbath provision is established, and a jar of manna is preserved as testimony for future generations.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

13 That evening quail came and covered the camp, and in the morning there was a layer of dew around the camp.

14 When the layer of dew had evaporated, there were thin flakes on the desert floor, as fine as frost on the ground.

15 When the Israelites saw it, they asked one another, “What is it?” For they did not know what it was. So Moses told them, “It is the bread that the LORD has given you to eat.

16 This is what the LORD has commanded: ‘Each one is to gather as much as he needs. You may take an omer for each person in your tent.’”

17 So the Israelites did this. Some gathered more, and some less.

18 When they measured it by the omer, he who gathered much had no excess, and he who gathered little had no shortfall. Each one gathered as much as he needed to eat.

19 Then Moses said to them, “No one may keep any of it until morning.”

20 But they did not listen to Moses; some people left part of it until morning, and it became infested with maggots and began to smell. So Moses was angry with them.

21 Every morning each one gathered as much as was needed, and when the sun grew hot, it melted away.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 13

Original words

וַיְהִ֣י וַיְהִ֣י H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular That evening בָעֶ֔רֶב H6153 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular quail הַשְּׂלָ֔ו H7958 Article | Noun - feminine singular came וַתַּ֣עַל H5927 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular and covered וַתְּכַ֖ס H3680 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker the camp הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה H4264 Article | Noun - common singular and in the morning וּבַבֹּ֗קֶר H1242 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular there was הָֽיְתָה֙ H1961 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular a layer שִׁכְבַ֣ת H7902 Noun - feminine singular construct of dew הַטַּ֔ל H2919 Article | Noun - masculine singular around סָבִ֖יב H5439 Adverb the camp לַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ H4264 Preposition-l, Article | Noun - common singular
Verse 14

Original words

When the layer שִׁכְבַ֣ת H7902 Noun - feminine singular construct of dew הַטָּ֑ל H2919 Article | Noun - masculine singular had evaporated וַתַּ֖עַל H5927 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular there וְהִנֵּ֞ה H2009 Conjunctive waw | Interjection were thin דַּ֣ק H1851 Adjective - masculine singular flakes מְחֻסְפָּ֔ס H2636 Verb - Pual - Participle - masculine singular on עַל־ H5921 Preposition the desert הַמִּדְבָּר֙ H4057 Article | Noun - masculine singular floor פְּנֵ֤י H6440 Noun - common plural construct as fine דַּ֥ק H1851 Adjective - masculine singular as frost כַּכְּפֹ֖ר H3713 Preposition-k, Article | Noun - masculine singular on עַל־ H5921 Preposition the ground הָאָֽרֶץ׃ H776 Article | Noun - feminine singular
Verse 15

Original words

When the Israelites בְנֵֽי־ H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct . . . יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular saw it וַיִּרְא֣וּ H7200 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural they asked וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural one אִ֤ישׁ H376 Noun - masculine singular . . . אֶל־ H413 Preposition another אָחִיו֙ H251 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular What מָ֣ן H4478 Interrogative is it ה֔וּא H1931 Pronoun - third person masculine singular For כִּ֛י H3588 Conjunction they did not לֹ֥א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle know יָדְע֖וּ H3045 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural what מַה־ H4100 Interrogative it was ה֑וּא H1931 Pronoun - third person masculine singular So Moses מֹשֶׁה֙ H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular told וַיֹּ֤אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular them אֲלֵהֶ֔ם H413 Preposition | third person masculine plural It ה֣וּא H1931 Pronoun - third person masculine singular is the bread הַלֶּ֔חֶם H3899 Article | Noun - masculine singular that אֲשֶׁ֨ר H834 Pronoun - relative the LORD יְהוָ֛ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular has given נָתַ֧ן H5414 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular you לָכֶ֖ם Preposition | second person masculine plural to eat לְאָכְלָֽה׃ H402 Preposition-l | Noun - feminine singular
Verse 16

Original words

This זֶ֤ה H2088 Pronoun - masculine singular . . . הַדָּבָר֙ H1697 Article | Noun - masculine singular is what אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834 Pronoun - relative the LORD יְהוָ֔ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular has commanded צִוָּ֣ה H6680 Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular Each one אִ֖ישׁ H376 Noun - masculine singular is to gather לִקְט֣וּ H3950 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural as much מִמֶּ֔נּוּ H4480 Preposition | third person masculine singular as לְפִ֣י H6310 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct he needs אָכְל֑וֹ H400 Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person masculine singular You may take תִּקָּֽחוּ׃ H3947 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural an omer עֹ֣מֶר H6016 Noun - masculine singular for each לַגֻּלְגֹּ֗לֶת H1538 Preposition-l, Article | Noun - feminine singular . . . מִסְפַּר֙ H4557 Noun - masculine singular construct person נַפְשֹׁ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם H5315 Noun - feminine plural construct | second person masculine plural . . . אִ֛ישׁ H376 Noun - masculine singular - לַאֲשֶׁ֥ר H834 Preposition-l | Pronoun - relative in your tent בְּאָהֳל֖וֹ H168 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular

BSB notes

  • An omer is approximately 2 dry quarts or 2.2 liters; also in verses 18, 32, 33, and 36.
Verse 17

Original words

So the Israelites בְּנֵ֣י H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct . . . יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular did וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־ H6213 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural this כֵ֖ן H3651 Adverb Some gathered וַֽיִּלְקְט֔וּ H3950 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural more הַמַּרְבֶּ֖ה H7235 Article | Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singular and some less וְהַמַּמְעִֽיט׃ H4591 Conjunctive waw, Article | Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singular
Verse 18

Original words

When they measured it וַיָּמֹ֣דּוּ H4058 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural by the omer בָעֹ֔מֶר H6016 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular he who gathered much הַמַּרְבֶּ֔ה H7235 Article | Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singular had no וְלֹ֤א H3808 Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle excess הֶעְדִּיף֙ H5736 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular and he who gathered little וְהַמַּמְעִ֖יט H4591 Conjunctive waw, Article | Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singular had no לֹ֣א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle shortfall הֶחְסִ֑יר H2637 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular Each one אִ֥ישׁ H376 Noun - masculine singular gathered לָקָֽטוּ׃ H3950 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural as לְפִֽי־ H6310 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct much as he needed to eat אָכְל֖וֹ H400 Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Cited in 2 Corinthians 8:15
Verse 19

Original words

Then Moses מֹשֶׁ֖ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular said וַיֹּ֥אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to them אֲלֵהֶ֑ם H413 Preposition | third person masculine plural No אַל־ H408 Adverb one אִ֕ישׁ H376 Noun - masculine singular may keep יוֹתֵ֥ר H3498 Verb - Hifil - Imperfect Jussive - third person masculine singular any of it מִמֶּ֖נּוּ H4480 Preposition | third person masculine singular until עַד־ H5704 Preposition morning בֹּֽקֶר׃ H1242 Noun - masculine singular
Verse 20

Original words

But they did not וְלֹא־ H3808 Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle listen שָׁמְע֣וּ H8085 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural to אֶל־ H413 Preposition Moses מֹשֶׁ֗ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular some people אֲנָשִׁ֤ים H582 Noun - masculine plural left וַיּוֹתִ֨רוּ H3498 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural part of מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ H4480 Preposition | third person masculine singular it until עַד־ H5704 Preposition morning בֹּ֔קֶר H1242 Noun - masculine singular and it became infested וַיָּ֥רֻם H7311 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular with maggots תּוֹלָעִ֖ים H8438 Noun - masculine plural and began to smell וַיִּבְאַ֑שׁ H887 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular So Moses מֹשֶֽׁה׃ H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular was angry וַיִּקְצֹ֥ף H7107 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular with them עֲלֵהֶ֖ם H5921 Preposition | third person masculine plural
Verse 21

Original words

Every morning בַּבֹּ֣קֶר H1242 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular . . . בַּבֹּ֔קֶר H1242 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular - אֹתוֹ֙ H853 Direct object marker | third person masculine singular each one אִ֖ישׁ H376 Noun - masculine singular gathered וַיִּלְקְט֤וּ H3950 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural as much כְּפִ֣י H6310 Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular construct as was needed אָכְל֑וֹ H400 Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person masculine singular and when the sun הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ H8121 Article | Noun - common singular grew hot וְחַ֥ם H2552 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular it melted away וְנָמָֽס׃ H4549 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.