Focused Passage

Exodus 31:12-18

The Craftsmen Called by the Spirit and the Sign of the Sabbath

The chapter opens with the LORD naming Bezalel and filling him with the Spirit for artistic and technical work, then adds Oholiab as his co-worker and extends skill to all gifted craftsmen. It then recapitulates the full scope of what is to be made. It closes by commanding Sabbath observance as a covenant sign and concludes with the LORD giving Moses the two stone tablets.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

12 And the LORD said to Moses,

13 “Tell the Israelites, ‘Surely you must keep My Sabbaths, for this will be a sign between Me and you for the generations to come, so that you may know that I am the LORD who sanctifies you.

14 Keep the Sabbath, for it is holy to you. Anyone who profanes it must surely be put to death. Whoever does any work on that day must be cut off from among his people.

15 For six days work may be done, but the seventh day is a Sabbath of complete rest, holy to the LORD. Whoever does any work on the Sabbath day must surely be put to death.

16 The Israelites must keep the Sabbath, celebrating it as a permanent covenant for the generations to come.

17 It is a sign between Me and the Israelites forever; for in six days the LORD made the heavens and the earth, but on the seventh day He rested and was refreshed.’”

18 When the LORD had finished speaking with Moses on Mount Sinai, He gave him the two tablets of the Testimony, tablets of stone inscribed by the finger of God.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 12

Original words

And the LORD יְהוָ֖ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular said וַיֹּ֥אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition Moses מֹשֶׁ֥ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular . . . לֵּאמֹֽר׃ H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Verse 13

Original words

- וְאַתָּ֞ה H859 Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - second person masculine singular Tell דַּבֵּ֨ר H1696 Verb - Piel - Imperative - masculine singular . . . אֶל־ H413 Preposition the Israelites בְּנֵ֤י H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct . . . יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular . . . לֵאמֹ֔ר H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct Surely אַ֥ךְ H389 Adverb - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker you must keep תִּשְׁמֹ֑רוּ H8104 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural My Sabbaths שַׁבְּתֹתַ֖י H7676 Noun - common plural construct | first person common singular for כִּי֩ H3588 Conjunction this הִ֜וא H1931 Pronoun - third person feminine singular will be a sign א֨וֹת H226 Noun - common singular construct between Me וּבֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ H996 Conjunctive waw | Preposition | second person masculine plural and you בֵּינִ֤י H996 Preposition | first person common singular for the generations to come לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם H1755 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine plural so that you may know לָדַ֕עַת H3045 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct that כִּ֛י H3588 Conjunction I אֲנִ֥י H589 Pronoun - first person common singular am the LORD יְהוָ֖ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular who sanctifies you מְקַדִּשְׁכֶֽם׃ H6942 Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine singular construct | second person masculine plural
Verse 14

Original words

Keep וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ H8104 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker the Sabbath הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת H7676 Article | Noun - common singular for כִּ֛י H3588 Conjunction it הִ֖וא H1931 Pronoun - third person feminine singular is holy קֹ֥דֶשׁ H6944 Noun - masculine singular construct to you לָכֶ֑ם Preposition | second person masculine plural Anyone who profanes it מְחַֽלְלֶ֙יהָ֙ H2490 Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine plural construct | third person feminine singular must surely be put to death מ֣וֹת H4191 Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolute . . . יוּמָ֔ת H4191 Verb - Hofal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular - כִּ֗י H3588 Conjunction Whoever כָּל־ H3605 Noun - masculine singular construct does הָעֹשֶׂ֥ה H6213 Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular any work מְלָאכָ֔ה H4399 Noun - feminine singular on [that day] בָהּ֙ Preposition | third person feminine singular - הַהִ֖וא H1931 Article | Pronoun - third person feminine singular - הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ H5315 Article | Noun - feminine singular must be cut off וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה H3772 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Conjunctive perfect - third person feminine singular from among מִקֶּ֥רֶב H7130 Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct his people עַמֶּֽיהָ׃ H5971 Noun - masculine plural construct | third person feminine singular
Verse 15

Original words

For six שֵׁ֣שֶׁת H8337 Number - masculine singular construct days יָמִים֮ H3117 Noun - masculine plural work מְלָאכָה֒ H4399 Noun - feminine singular may be done יֵעָשֶׂ֣ה H6213 Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular but the seventh הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י H7637 Article | Number - ordinal masculine singular day וּבַיּ֣וֹם H3117 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular is a Sabbath שַׁבַּ֧ת H7676 Noun - common singular construct of complete rest שַׁבָּת֛וֹן H7677 Noun - masculine singular holy קֹ֖דֶשׁ H6944 Noun - masculine singular to the LORD לַיהוָ֑ה H3068 Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular Whoever כָּל־ H3605 Noun - masculine singular construct does הָעֹשֶׂ֧ה H6213 Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular [any] work מְלָאכָ֛ה H4399 Noun - feminine singular on the Sabbath הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת H7676 Article | Noun - common singular day בְּי֥וֹם H3117 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct must surely be put to death מ֥וֹת H4191 Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolute . . . יוּמָֽת׃ H4191 Verb - Hofal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 16

Original words

The Israelites בְנֵֽי־ H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct . . . יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker must keep וְשָׁמְר֥וּ H8104 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural the Sabbath הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת H7676 Article | Noun - common singular celebrating לַעֲשׂ֧וֹת H6213 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker it הַשַּׁבָּ֛ת H7676 Article | Noun - common singular as a permanent עוֹלָֽם׃ H5769 Noun - masculine singular covenant בְּרִ֥ית H1285 Noun - feminine singular construct for the generations to come לְדֹרֹתָ֖ם H1755 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural
Verse 17

Original words

It הִ֖וא H1931 Pronoun - third person feminine singular is a sign א֥וֹת H226 Noun - common singular construct between Me בֵּינִ֗י H996 Preposition | first person common singular . . . וּבֵין֙ H996 Conjunctive waw | Preposition and the Israelites בְּנֵ֣י H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct . . . יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular forever לְעֹלָ֑ם H5769 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular for כִּי־ H3588 Conjunction in six שֵׁ֣שֶׁת H8337 Number - masculine singular construct days יָמִ֗ים H3117 Noun - masculine plural the LORD יְהוָה֙ H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker made עָשָׂ֤ה H6213 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular the heavens הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם H8064 Article | Noun - masculine plural - וְאֶת־ H853 Conjunctive waw | Direct object marker and the earth הָאָ֔רֶץ H776 Article | Noun - feminine singular but on the seventh הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י H7637 Article | Number - ordinal masculine singular day וּבַיּוֹם֙ H3117 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular He rested שָׁבַ֖ת H7673 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular and was refreshed וַיִּנָּפַֽשׁ׃ס H5314 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 18

Original words

When [the LORD] had finished כְּכַלֹּתוֹ֙ H3615 Preposition-k | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct | third person masculine singular speaking לְדַבֵּ֤ר H1696 Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct with [Moses] אִתּוֹ֙ H854 Preposition | third person masculine singular on Mount בְּהַ֣ר H2022 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct Sinai סִינַ֔י H5514 Noun - proper - feminine singular He gave וַיִּתֵּ֣ן H5414 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . אֶל־ H413 Preposition [him] מֹשֶׁ֗ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular the two שְׁנֵ֖י H8147 Number - masculine dual construct tablets לֻחֹ֣ת H3871 Noun - masculine plural construct of the Testimony הָעֵדֻ֑ת H5715 Article | Noun - feminine singular tablets לֻחֹ֣ת H3871 Noun - masculine plural construct of stone אֶ֔בֶן H68 Noun - feminine singular inscribed כְּתֻבִ֖ים H3789 Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - masculine plural by the finger בְּאֶצְבַּ֥ע H676 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct of God אֱלֹהִֽים׃ H430 Noun - masculine plural

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.