Focused Passage

Hosea 13:1-8

Forgotten Mercy, False Kingship, and Death Under Covenant Judgment

Hosea 13 moves from Ephraim's former weight and Baal-caused death, to the LORD's reminder of exodus mercy, to judgment against proud forgetfulness, to the exposure of failed kingship, to birth-pang and death imagery, and finally to Samaria's guilt under violent judgment.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1When Ephraim spoke, there was trembling; he was exalted in Israel. But he incurred guilt through Baal, and he died.

2Now they sin more and more and make for themselves cast images, idols skillfully made from their silver, all of them the work of craftsmen. People say of them, “They offer human sacrifice and kiss the calves!”

3Therefore they will be like the morning mist, like the early dew that vanishes, like chaff blown from a threshing floor, like smoke through an open window.

4Yet I am the LORD your God ever since the land of Egypt; you know no God but Me, for there is no Savior besides Me.

5I knew you in the wilderness, in the land of drought.

6When they had pasture, they became satisfied; when they were satisfied, their hearts became proud, and as a result they forgot Me.

7So like a lion I will pounce on them; like a leopard I will lurk by the path.

8Like a bear robbed of her cubs I will attack them, and I will tear open their chests. There I will devour them like a lion, like a wild beast tearing them apart.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

When Ephraimאֶפְרַ֙יִם֙H669Noun - proper - masculine singularspokeכְּדַבֵּ֤רH1696Preposition-k | Verb - Piel - Infinitive constructthere was tremblingרְתֵ֔תH7578Noun - feminine singularheה֖וּאH1931Pronoun - third person masculine singularwas exaltedנָשָׂ֥אH5375Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularin Israelבְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑לH3478Preposition-b | Noun - proper - masculine singularBut he incurred guiltוַיֶּאְשַׁ֥םH816Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularthrough Baalבַּבַּ֖עַלH1168Preposition-b, Article | Noun - proper - masculine singularand he diedוַיָּמֹֽת׃H4191Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular

BSB notes

  • That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; also in verse 12
Verse 2

Original words

Nowוְעַתָּ֣ה׀H6258Conjunctive waw | Adverbthey sinלַחֲטֹ֗אH2398Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructmore and moreיוֹסִ֣פוּH3254Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine pluraland makeוַיַּעְשׂ֣וּH6213Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralfor themselvesלָהֶם֩Preposition | third person masculine pluralcast imagesמַסֵּכָ֨הH4541Noun - feminine singularidolsעֲצַבִּ֔יםH6091Noun - masculine pluralskillfully madeכִּתְבוּנָם֙H8394Preposition-k | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine pluralfrom their silverמִכַּסְפָּ֤םH3701Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine pluralallכֻּלֹּ֑הH3605Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularof themלָהֶם֙Preposition | third person masculine pluralthe workמַעֲשֵׂ֥הH4639Noun - masculine singular constructof craftsmenחָרָשִׁ֖יםH2796Noun - masculine pluralPeopleהֵ֣םH1992Pronoun - third person masculine pluralsay of themאֹמְרִ֔יםH559Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine pluralThey offer human sacrificeזֹבְחֵ֣יH2076Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct. . .אָדָ֔םH120Noun - masculine singular[and] kissיִשָּׁקֽוּן׃H5401Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural | Paragogic nunthe calvesעֲגָלִ֖יםH5695Noun - masculine plural

BSB notes

  • Or “The men who sacrifice kiss the calves!” See 1 Kings 19:18.
Verse 3

Original words

Thereforeלָכֵ֗ןH3651Adverbthey will beיִֽהְיוּ֙H1961Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plurallike the morningבֹּ֔קֶרH1242Noun - masculine singularmistכַּעֲנַן־H6051Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular constructlike the earlyמַשְׁכִּ֣יםH7925Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singulardewוְכַטַּ֖לH2919Conjunctive waw, Preposition-k, Article | Noun - masculine singularthat vanishesהֹלֵ֑ךְH1980Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularlike chaffכְּמֹץ֙H4671Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singularblownיְסֹעֵ֣רH5590Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singularfrom a threshing floorמִגֹּ֔רֶןH1637Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singularlike smokeוּכְעָשָׁ֖ןH6227Conjunctive waw, Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singularthrough an open windowמֵאֲרֻבָּֽה׃H699Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular
Verse 4

Original words

Yet I [am]וְאָנֹכִ֛יH595Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - first person common singularthe LORDיְהוָ֥הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularyour Godאֱלֹהֶ֖יךָH430Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularever since the landמֵאֶ֣רֶץH776Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular constructof Egyptמִצְרָ֑יִםH4714Noun - proper - feminine singularyou knowתֵדָ֔עH3045Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singularnoלֹ֣אH3808Adverb - Negative particleGodוֵאלֹהִ֤יםH430Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine pluralbut Meזֽוּלָתִי֙H2108Preposition | first person common singularfor [there is] noאַ֖יִןH369AdverbSaviorוּמוֹשִׁ֥יעַH3467Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singularbesides Meבִּלְתִּֽי׃H1115Preposition
Verse 5

Original words

Iאֲנִ֥יH589Pronoun - first person common singularknew youיְדַעְתִּ֖יךָH3045Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular | second person masculine singularin the wildernessבַּמִּדְבָּ֑רH4057Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularin the landבְּאֶ֖רֶץH776Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular constructof droughtתַּלְאֻבֽוֹת׃H8514Noun - feminine plural
Verse 6

Original words

When they had pastureכְּמַרְעִיתָם֙H4830Preposition-k | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine pluralthey became satisfiedוַיִּשְׂבָּ֔עוּH7646Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralwhen they were satisfiedשָׂבְע֖וּH7646Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluraltheir heartsלִבָּ֑םH3820Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine pluralbecame proudוַיָּ֣רָםH7311Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularand as a resultעַל־H5921Preposition. . .כֵּ֖ןH3651Adverbthey forgot Meשְׁכֵחֽוּנִי׃H7911Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural | first person common singular
Verse 7

Original words

So likeכְּמוֹ־H3644Prepositiona lionשָׁ֑חַלH7826Noun - masculine singularI will pounceוָאֱהִ֥יH1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - first person common singularon themלָהֶ֖םPreposition | third person masculine plurallike a leopardכְּנָמֵ֖רH5246Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singularI will lurkאָשֽׁוּר׃H7789Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singularbyעַל־H5921Prepositionthe pathדֶּ֥רֶךְH1870Noun - common singular
Verse 8

Original words

Like a bearכְּדֹ֣בH1677Preposition-k | Noun - feminine singularrobbed of her cubsשַׁכּ֔וּלH7909Adjective - masculine singularI will attack themאֶפְגְּשֵׁם֙H6298Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singular | third person masculine pluraland I will tearוְאֶקְרַ֖עH7167Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - first person common singularopen their chestsסְג֣וֹרH5458Noun - masculine singular construct. . .לִבָּ֑םH3820Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine pluralThereשָׁם֙H8033AdverbI will devour themוְאֹכְלֵ֥םH398Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - first person common singular | third person masculine plurallike a lionכְּלָבִ֔יאH3833Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singularlike a wildהַשָּׂדֶ֖הH7704Article | Noun - masculine singularbeastחַיַּ֥תH2416Noun - feminine singular constructtearing them apartתְּבַקְּעֵֽם׃H1234Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person feminine singular | third person masculine plural

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.