Focused Passage

Proverbs 31:1-9

The Words of Lemuel: Righteous Kingship, Justice for the Needy, and the Woman Who Fears the LORD

The chapter moves from royal warning against sensual and intoxicating distraction, to the king's duty to judge fairly and defend the vulnerable, then to an acrostic portrait of wisdom embodied in a noble woman whose diligence, generosity, enterprise, speech, household oversight, and fear of the LORD bring lasting praise.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1 These are the words of King Lemuel—the burden that his mother taught him:

2 What shall I say, O my son? What, O son of my womb? What, O son of my vows?

3 Do not spend your strength on women or your vigor on those who ruin kings.

4 It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine, or for rulers to crave strong drink,

5 lest they drink and forget what is decreed, depriving all the oppressed of justice.

6 Give strong drink to one who is perishing, and wine to the bitter in soul.

7 Let him drink and forget his poverty, and remember his misery no more.

8 Open your mouth for those with no voice, for the cause of all the dispossessed.

9 Open your mouth, judge righteously, and defend the cause of the poor and needy.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

[These are] the words דִּ֭בְרֵי H1697 Noun - masculine plural construct of King מֶ֑לֶךְ H4428 Noun - masculine singular construct Lemuel לְמוּאֵ֣ל H3927 Noun - proper - masculine singular the burden מַ֝שָּׂ֗א H4853 Noun - masculine singular that אֲ‍ֽשֶׁר־ H834 Pronoun - relative his mother אִמּֽוֹ׃ H517 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular taught him יִסְּרַ֥תּוּ H3256 Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person feminine singular | third person masculine singular
Verse 2

Original words

What [shall I say] מַה־ H4100 Interrogative O my son בְּ֭רִי H1248 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular What וּמַֽה־ H4100 Conjunctive waw | Interrogative O son בַּר־ H1248 Noun - masculine singular construct of my womb בִּטְנִ֑י H990 Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular What וּ֝מֶה H4100 Conjunctive waw | Interrogative O son בַּר־ H1248 Noun - masculine singular construct of my vows נְדָרָֽי׃ H5088 Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common singular

BSB notes

  • Or What or What are you doing
Verse 3

Original words

Do not אַל־ H408 Adverb spend תִּתֵּ֣ן H5414 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular your strength חֵילֶ֑ךָ H2428 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular on women לַנָּשִׁ֣ים H802 Preposition-l, Article | Noun - feminine plural or your vigor וּ֝דְרָכֶ֗יךָ H1870 Conjunctive waw | Noun - common plural construct | second person masculine singular on those who ruin לַֽמְח֥וֹת H4229 Preposition-l | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive construct kings מְלָכִֽין׃ H4428 Noun - masculine plural
Verse 4

Original words

It is not אַ֤ל H408 Adverb for kings לַֽמְלָכִ֨ים׀ H4428 Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine plural O Lemuel לְֽמוֹאֵ֗ל H3927 Noun - proper - masculine singular it is not אַ֣ל H408 Adverb for kings לַֽמְלָכִ֣ים H4428 Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine plural to drink שְׁתוֹ־ H8354 Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct wine יָ֑יִן H3196 Noun - masculine singular or for rulers וּ֝לְרוֹזְנִ֗ים H7336 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural [to crave] אוֹ H176 Interrogative strong drink שֵׁכָֽר׃ H7941 Noun - masculine singular
Verse 5

Original words

lest פֶּן־ H6435 Conjunction they drink יִ֭שְׁתֶּה H8354 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular and forget וְיִשְׁכַּ֣ח H7911 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine singular what is decreed מְחֻקָּ֑ק H2710 Verb - Pual - Participle - masculine singular depriving וִֽ֝ישַׁנֶּה H8138 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine singular all כָּל־ H3605 Noun - masculine singular construct the oppressed בְּנֵי־ H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct . . . עֹֽנִי׃ H6040 Noun - masculine singular of justice דִּ֣ין H1779 Noun - masculine singular construct
Verse 6

Original words

Give תְּנוּ־ H5414 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural strong drink שֵׁכָ֣ר H7941 Noun - masculine singular to one who is perishing לְאוֹבֵ֑ד H6 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular and wine וְ֝יַיִן H3196 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular to the bitter לְמָ֣רֵי H4751 Preposition-l | Adjective - masculine plural construct in soul נָֽפֶשׁ׃ H5315 Noun - feminine singular
Verse 7

Original words

Let him drink יִ֭שְׁתֶּה H8354 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular and forget וְיִשְׁכַּ֣ח H7911 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine singular his poverty רִישׁ֑וֹ H7389 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular and remember יִזְכָּר־ H2142 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular his misery וַ֝עֲמָל֗וֹ H5999 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular no לֹ֣א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle more עֽוֹד׃ H5750 Adverb
Verse 8

Original words

Open פְּתַח־ H6605 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular your mouth פִּ֥יךָ H6310 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular for those with no voice לְאִלֵּ֑ם H483 Preposition-l | Adjective - masculine singular for אֶל־ H413 Preposition the cause דִּ֝֗ין H1779 Noun - masculine singular construct of all כָּל־ H3605 Noun - masculine singular construct the dispossessed בְּנֵ֥י H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct . . . חֲלֽוֹף׃ H2475 Noun - masculine singular
Verse 9

Original words

Open פְּתַח־ H6605 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular your mouth פִּ֥יךָ H6310 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular judge שְׁפָט־ H8199 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular righteously צֶ֑דֶק H6664 Noun - masculine singular and defend the cause וְ֝דִ֗ין H1777 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular of the poor עָנִ֥י H6041 Adjective - masculine singular and needy וְאֶבְיֽוֹן׃פ H34 Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.