Focused Passage

Exodus 32:1-6

The Golden Calf: Covenant Rebellion, Intercession, Judgment, and Mercy

The chapter moves from Israel’s demand for a visible god, to Aaron’s making of the golden calf, to idolatrous worship and revelry, to the LORD’s declaration of Israel’s corruption, to Moses’ intercession, to Moses’ descent and shattering of the tablets, to judgment in the camp, to Moses’ second intercession, and finally to the LORD’s warning that sin will be punished even as Israel continues forward.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1Now when the people saw that Moses was delayed in coming down from the mountain, they gathered around Aaron and said, “Come, make us gods who will go before us. As for this Moses who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has happened to him!”

2So Aaron told them, “Take off the gold earrings that are on your wives and sons and daughters, and bring them to me.”

3Then all the people took off their gold earrings and brought them to Aaron.

4He took the gold from their hands, and with an engraving tool he fashioned it into a molten calf. And they said, “These, O Israel, are your gods, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt!”

5When Aaron saw this, he built an altar before the calf and proclaimed: “Tomorrow shall be a feast to the LORD.”

6So the next day they arose, offered burnt offerings, and presented peace offerings. And the people sat down to eat and drink and got up to indulge in revelry.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Now when the peopleהָעָ֔םH5971Article | Noun - masculine singularsawוַיַּ֣רְאH7200Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularthatכִּֽי־H3588ConjunctionMosesמֹשֶׁ֖הH4872Noun - proper - masculine singularwas delayedבֹשֵׁ֥שׁH954Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singularin coming downלָרֶ֣דֶתH3381Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructfromמִן־H4480Prepositionthe mountainהָהָ֑רH2022Article | Noun - masculine singulartheyהָעָ֜םH5971Article | Noun - masculine singulargatheredוַיִּקָּהֵ֨לH6950Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulararoundעַֽל־H5921PrepositionAaronאַהֲרֹ֗ןH175Noun - proper - masculine singularand saidוַיֹּאמְר֤וּH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural-אֵלָיו֙H413Preposition | third person masculine singularComeק֣וּם׀H6965Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singularmakeעֲשֵׂה־H6213Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singularusלָ֣נוּPreposition | first person common pluralgodsאֱלֹהִ֗יםH430Noun - masculine pluralwhoאֲשֶׁ֤רH834Pronoun - relativewill goיֵֽלְכוּ֙H1980Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine pluralbefore usלְפָנֵ֔ינוּH6440Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common pluralAs forכִּי־H3588Conjunctionthisזֶ֣ה׀H2088Pronoun - masculine singularMosesמֹשֶׁ֣הH4872Noun - proper - masculine singular-הָאִ֗ישׁH376Article | Noun - masculine singularwhoאֲשֶׁ֤רH834Pronoun - relativebrought us upהֶֽעֱלָ֙נוּ֙H5927Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular | first person common pluralout of the landמֵאֶ֣רֶץH776Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular constructof Egyptמִצְרַ֔יִםH4714Noun - proper - feminine singularwe do notלֹ֥אH3808Adverb - Negative particleknowיָדַ֖עְנוּH3045Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common pluralwhatמֶה־H4100Interrogativehas happenedהָ֥יָהH1961Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularto himלֽוֹ׃Preposition | third person masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Cited in Acts 7:40
Verse 2

Original words

So Aaronאַהֲרֹ֔ןH175Noun - proper - masculine singulartoldוַיֹּ֤אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularthemאֲלֵהֶם֙H413Preposition | third person masculine pluralTake offפָּֽרְקוּ֙H6561Verb - Piel - Imperative - masculine pluralthe goldהַזָּהָ֔בH2091Article | Noun - masculine singularearringsנִזְמֵ֣יH5141Noun - masculine plural constructthatאֲשֶׁר֙H834Pronoun - relativeare onבְּאָזְנֵ֣יH241Preposition-b | Noun - feminine dual constructyour wivesנְשֵׁיכֶ֔םH802Noun - feminine plural construct | second person masculine pluraland sonsבְּנֵיכֶ֖םH1121Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine pluraland daughtersוּבְנֹתֵיכֶ֑םH1323Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine plural construct | second person masculine pluraland bring themוְהָבִ֖יאוּH935Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine pluralto meאֵלָֽי׃H413Preposition | first person common singular
Verse 3

Original words

Then allכָּל־H3605Noun - masculine singular constructthe peopleהָעָ֔םH5971Article | Noun - masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markertook offוַיִּתְפָּֽרְקוּ֙H6561Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hitpael - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluraltheir goldהַזָּהָ֖בH2091Article | Noun - masculine singularearringsנִזְמֵ֥יH5141Noun - masculine plural construct-אֲשֶׁ֣רH834Pronoun - relative-בְּאָזְנֵיהֶ֑םH241Preposition-b | Noun - feminine dual construct | third person masculine pluraland brought themוַיָּבִ֖יאוּH935Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluraltoאֶֽל־H413PrepositionAaronאַהֲרֹֽן׃H175Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 4

Original words

He took [the gold]וַיִּקַּ֣חH3947Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularfrom their handsמִיָּדָ֗םH3027Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine pluralandוַיָּ֤צַרH6696Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularwith an engraving toolבַּחֶ֔רֶטH2747Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularhe fashionedוַֽיַּעֲשֵׂ֖הוּH6213Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singularitאֹתוֹ֙H853Direct object marker | third person masculine singularinto a moltenמַסֵּכָ֑הH4541Noun - feminine singularcalfעֵ֣גֶלH5695Noun - masculine singularAnd they saidוַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralTheseאֵ֤לֶּהH428Pronoun - common pluralO Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singularare your godsאֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙H430Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularwhoאֲשֶׁ֥רH834Pronoun - relativebrought you upהֶעֱל֖וּךָH5927Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common plural | second person masculine singularout of the landמֵאֶ֥רֶץH776Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular constructof Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃H4714Noun - proper - feminine singular
Verse 5

Original words

When Aaronאַהֲרֹ֔ןH175Noun - proper - masculine singularsaw thisוַיַּ֣רְאH7200Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularhe builtוַיִּ֥בֶןH1129Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularan altarמִזְבֵּ֖חַH4196Noun - masculine singularbefore [the calf]לְפָנָ֑יוH6440Preposition-l | Noun - common plural construct | third person masculine singularand proclaimedוַיִּקְרָ֤אH7121Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .אַֽהֲרֹן֙H175Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .וַיֹּאמַ֔רH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularTomorrowמָחָֽר׃H4279Adverb[shall be] a feastחַ֥גH2282Noun - masculine singularto the LORDלַיהוָ֖הH3068Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 6

Original words

So the next dayמִֽמָּחֳרָ֔תH4283Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singularthey aroseוַיַּשְׁכִּ֙ימוּ֙H7925Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralofferedוַיַּעֲל֣וּH5927Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralburnt offeringsעֹלֹ֔תH5930Noun - feminine pluraland presentedוַיַּגִּ֖שׁוּH5066Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralpeace offeringsשְׁלָמִ֑יםH8002Noun - masculine pluralAnd the peopleהָעָם֙H5971Article | Noun - masculine singularsat downוַיֵּ֤שֶׁבH3427Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularto eatלֶֽאֱכֹ֣לH398Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructand drinkוְשָׁת֔וֹH8354Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Infinitive absoluteand got upוַיָּקֻ֖מוּH6965Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralto indulge in revelryלְצַחֵֽק׃פH6711Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct

BSB notes

  • Or to play; cited in 1 Corinthians 10:7

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.