Focused Passage

Exodus 32:1-6

The Golden Calf: Covenant Rebellion, Intercession, Judgment, and Mercy

The chapter moves from Israel’s demand for a visible god, to Aaron’s making of the golden calf, to idolatrous worship and revelry, to the LORD’s declaration of Israel’s corruption, to Moses’ intercession, to Moses’ descent and shattering of the tablets, to judgment in the camp, to Moses’ second intercession, and finally to the LORD’s warning that sin will be punished even as Israel continues forward.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1 Now when the people saw that Moses was delayed in coming down from the mountain, they gathered around Aaron and said, “Come, make us gods who will go before us. As for this Moses who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has happened to him!”

2 So Aaron told them, “Take off the gold earrings that are on your wives and sons and daughters, and bring them to me.”

3 Then all the people took off their gold earrings and brought them to Aaron.

4 He took the gold from their hands, and with an engraving tool he fashioned it into a molten calf. And they said, “These, O Israel, are your gods, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt!”

5 When Aaron saw this, he built an altar before the calf and proclaimed: “Tomorrow shall be a feast to the LORD.”

6 So the next day they arose, offered burnt offerings, and presented peace offerings. And the people sat down to eat and drink and got up to indulge in revelry.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Now when the people הָעָ֔ם H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular saw וַיַּ֣רְא H7200 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular that כִּֽי־ H3588 Conjunction Moses מֹשֶׁ֖ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular was delayed בֹשֵׁ֥שׁ H954 Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular in coming down לָרֶ֣דֶת H3381 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct from מִן־ H4480 Preposition the mountain הָהָ֑ר H2022 Article | Noun - masculine singular they הָעָ֜ם H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular gathered וַיִּקָּהֵ֨ל H6950 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular around עַֽל־ H5921 Preposition Aaron אַהֲרֹ֗ן H175 Noun - proper - masculine singular and said וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural - אֵלָיו֙ H413 Preposition | third person masculine singular Come ק֣וּם׀ H6965 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular make עֲשֵׂה־ H6213 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular us לָ֣נוּ Preposition | first person common plural gods אֱלֹהִ֗ים H430 Noun - masculine plural who אֲשֶׁ֤ר H834 Pronoun - relative will go יֵֽלְכוּ֙ H1980 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural before us לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ H6440 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common plural As for כִּי־ H3588 Conjunction this זֶ֣ה׀ H2088 Pronoun - masculine singular Moses מֹשֶׁ֣ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular - הָאִ֗ישׁ H376 Article | Noun - masculine singular who אֲשֶׁ֤ר H834 Pronoun - relative brought us up הֶֽעֱלָ֙נוּ֙ H5927 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular | first person common plural out of the land מֵאֶ֣רֶץ H776 Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct of Egypt מִצְרַ֔יִם H4714 Noun - proper - feminine singular we do not לֹ֥א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle know יָדַ֖עְנוּ H3045 Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common plural what מֶה־ H4100 Interrogative has happened הָ֥יָה H1961 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular to him לֽוֹ׃ Preposition | third person masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Cited in Acts 7:40
Verse 2

Original words

So Aaron אַהֲרֹ֔ן H175 Noun - proper - masculine singular told וַיֹּ֤אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular them אֲלֵהֶם֙ H413 Preposition | third person masculine plural Take off פָּֽרְקוּ֙ H6561 Verb - Piel - Imperative - masculine plural the gold הַזָּהָ֔ב H2091 Article | Noun - masculine singular earrings נִזְמֵ֣י H5141 Noun - masculine plural construct that אֲשֶׁר֙ H834 Pronoun - relative are on בְּאָזְנֵ֣י H241 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine dual construct your wives נְשֵׁיכֶ֔ם H802 Noun - feminine plural construct | second person masculine plural and sons בְּנֵיכֶ֖ם H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine plural and daughters וּבְנֹתֵיכֶ֑ם H1323 Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine plural construct | second person masculine plural and bring them וְהָבִ֖יאוּ H935 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine plural to me אֵלָֽי׃ H413 Preposition | first person common singular
Verse 3

Original words

Then all כָּל־ H3605 Noun - masculine singular construct the people הָעָ֔ם H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker took off וַיִּתְפָּֽרְקוּ֙ H6561 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hitpael - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural their gold הַזָּהָ֖ב H2091 Article | Noun - masculine singular earrings נִזְמֵ֥י H5141 Noun - masculine plural construct - אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834 Pronoun - relative - בְּאָזְנֵיהֶ֑ם H241 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine dual construct | third person masculine plural and brought them וַיָּבִ֖יאוּ H935 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural to אֶֽל־ H413 Preposition Aaron אַהֲרֹֽן׃ H175 Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 4

Original words

He took [the gold] וַיִּקַּ֣ח H3947 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular from their hands מִיָּדָ֗ם H3027 Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine plural and וַיָּ֤צַר H6696 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular with an engraving tool בַּחֶ֔רֶט H2747 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular he fashioned וַֽיַּעֲשֵׂ֖הוּ H6213 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular it אֹתוֹ֙ H853 Direct object marker | third person masculine singular into a molten מַסֵּכָ֑ה H4541 Noun - feminine singular calf עֵ֣גֶל H5695 Noun - masculine singular And they said וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural These אֵ֤לֶּה H428 Pronoun - common plural O Israel יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular are your gods אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ H430 Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular who אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834 Pronoun - relative brought you up הֶעֱל֖וּךָ H5927 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common plural | second person masculine singular out of the land מֵאֶ֥רֶץ H776 Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct of Egypt מִצְרָֽיִם׃ H4714 Noun - proper - feminine singular
Verse 5

Original words

When Aaron אַהֲרֹ֔ן H175 Noun - proper - masculine singular saw this וַיַּ֣רְא H7200 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular he built וַיִּ֥בֶן H1129 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular an altar מִזְבֵּ֖חַ H4196 Noun - masculine singular before [the calf] לְפָנָ֑יו H6440 Preposition-l | Noun - common plural construct | third person masculine singular and proclaimed וַיִּקְרָ֤א H7121 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . אַֽהֲרֹן֙ H175 Noun - proper - masculine singular . . . וַיֹּאמַ֔ר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Tomorrow מָחָֽר׃ H4279 Adverb [shall be] a feast חַ֥ג H2282 Noun - masculine singular to the LORD לַיהוָ֖ה H3068 Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 6

Original words

So the next day מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת H4283 Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular they arose וַיַּשְׁכִּ֙ימוּ֙ H7925 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural offered וַיַּעֲל֣וּ H5927 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural burnt offerings עֹלֹ֔ת H5930 Noun - feminine plural and presented וַיַּגִּ֖שׁוּ H5066 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural peace offerings שְׁלָמִ֑ים H8002 Noun - masculine plural And the people הָעָם֙ H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular sat down וַיֵּ֤שֶׁב H3427 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to eat לֶֽאֱכֹ֣ל H398 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct and drink וְשָׁת֔וֹ H8354 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolute and got up וַיָּקֻ֖מוּ H6965 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural to indulge in revelry לְצַחֵֽק׃פ H6711 Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct

BSB notes

  • Or to play; cited in 1 Corinthians 10:7

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.