Focused Passage

Exodus 21:1-11

Case Laws for Covenant Justice, Human Dignity, and Restitution

The chapter moves from laws regulating Hebrew servitude, to protections for female servants, to capital cases involving murder, violence against parents, kidnapping, and cursing parents, then to laws about bodily injury, slaves injured by masters, harm to pregnant women, proportional justice, injuries caused by animals, and restitution when negligence leads to harm.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1“These are the ordinances that you are to set before them:

2If you buy a Hebrew servant, he is to serve you for six years. But in the seventh year, he shall go free without paying anything.

3If he arrived alone, he is to leave alone; if he arrived with a wife, she is to leave with him.

4If his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or daughters, the woman and her children shall belong to her master, and only the man shall go free.

5But if the servant declares, ‘I love my master and my wife and children; I do not want to go free,’

6then his master is to bring him before the judges. And he shall take him to the door or doorpost and pierce his ear with an awl. Then he shall serve his master for life.

7And if a man sells his daughter as a servant, she is not to go free as the menservants do.

8If she is displeasing in the eyes of her master who had designated her for himself, he must allow her to be redeemed. He has no right to sell her to foreigners, since he has broken faith with her.

9And if he chooses her for his son, he must deal with her as with a daughter.

10If he takes another wife, he must not reduce the food, clothing, or marital rights of his first wife.

11If, however, he does not provide her with these three things, she is free to go without monetary payment.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Theseוְאֵ֙לֶּה֙H428Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - common pluralare the ordinancesהַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֔יםH4941Article | Noun - masculine pluralthatאֲשֶׁ֥רH834Pronoun - relativeyou are to setתָּשִׂ֖יםH7760Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singularbefore themלִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃H6440Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural
Verse 2

Original words

Ifכִּ֤יH3588Conjunctionyou buyתִקְנֶה֙H7069Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singulara Hebrewעִבְרִ֔יH5680Noun - proper - masculine singularservantעֶ֣בֶדH5650Noun - masculine singularhe is to serve youיַעֲבֹ֑דH5647Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularfor sixשֵׁ֥שׁH8337Number - feminine singularyearsשָׁנִ֖יםH8141Noun - feminine pluralBut in the seventh [year]וּבַ֨שְּׁבִעִ֔תH7637Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b, Article | Number - ordinal feminine singularhe shall goיֵצֵ֥אH3318Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularfreeלַֽחָפְשִׁ֖יH2670Preposition-l, Article | Adjective - masculine singularwithout paying anythingחִנָּֽם׃H2600Adverb
Verse 3

Original words

Ifאִם־H518Conjunctionhe arrived aloneיָבֹ֖אH935Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .בְּגַפּ֥וֹH1610Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularhe is to leave aloneיֵצֵ֑אH3318Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .בְּגַפּ֣וֹH1610Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularifאִם־H518Conjunction. . .בַּ֤עַלH1167Noun - masculine singular constructheה֔וּאH1931Pronoun - third person masculine singulararrived with a wifeאִשָּׁה֙H802Noun - feminine singular[she]אִשְׁתּ֖וֹH802Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singularis to leaveוְיָצְאָ֥הH3318Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person feminine singularwith himעִמּֽוֹ׃H5973Preposition | third person masculine singular
Verse 4

Original words

Ifאִם־H518Conjunctionhis masterאֲדֹנָיו֙H113Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singulargivesיִתֶּן־H5414Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularhimל֣וֹPreposition | third person masculine singulara wifeאִשָּׁ֔הH802Noun - feminine singularand she bearsוְיָלְדָה־H3205Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person feminine singularhimל֥וֹPreposition | third person masculine singularsonsבָנִ֖יםH1121Noun - masculine pluralorא֣וֹH176Conjunctiondaughtersבָנ֑וֹתH1323Noun - feminine pluralthe womanהָאִשָּׁ֣הH802Article | Noun - feminine singularand her childrenוִילָדֶ֗יהָH3206Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person feminine singularshall belong toתִּהְיֶה֙H1961Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine singularher masterלַֽאדֹנֶ֔יהָH113Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person feminine singularand [only] the manוְה֖וּאH1931Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - third person masculine singularshall go freeיֵצֵ֥אH3318Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .בְגַפּֽוֹ׃H1610Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Verse 5

Original words

But ifוְאִם־H518Conjunctionthe servantהָעֶ֔בֶדH5650Article | Noun - masculine singulardeclaresאָמֹ֤רH559Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolute. . .יֹאמַר֙H559Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularI loveאָהַ֙בְתִּי֙H157Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markermy masterאֲדֹנִ֔יH113Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerand my wifeאִשְׁתִּ֖יH802Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular-וְאֶת־H853Conjunctive waw | Direct object markerand childrenבָּנָ֑יH1121Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common singularI do notלֹ֥אH3808Adverb - Negative particlewant to goאֵצֵ֖אH3318Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singularfreeחָפְשִֽׁי׃H2670Adjective - masculine singular
Verse 6

Original words

then his masterאֲדֹנָיו֙H113Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singularis to bring himוְהִגִּישׁ֤וֹH5066Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singularbeforeאֶל־H413Prepositionthe judgesהָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔יםH430Article | Noun - masculine pluralAnd he shall take himוְהִגִּישׁוֹ֙H5066Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singulartoאֶל־H413Prepositionthe doorהַדֶּ֔לֶתH1817Article | Noun - feminine singularorא֖וֹH176Conjunction. . .אֶל־H413Prepositiondoorpostהַמְּזוּזָ֑הH4201Article | Noun - feminine singular-אֲדֹנָ֤יוH113Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerand pierceוְרָצַ֨עH7527Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularhis earאָזְנוֹ֙H241Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singularwith an awlבַּמַּרְצֵ֔עַH4836Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularThen he shall serve his masterוַעֲבָד֖וֹH5647Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singularfor lifeלְעֹלָֽם׃סH5769Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Or before God
Verse 7

Original words

And ifוְכִֽי־H3588Conjunctiona manאִ֛ישׁH376Noun - masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markersellsיִמְכֹּ֥רH4376Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularhis daughterבִּתּ֖וֹH1323Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singularas a servantלְאָמָ֑הH519Preposition-l | Noun - feminine singularshe is notלֹ֥אH3808Adverb - Negative particleto go freeתֵצֵ֖אH3318Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine singular. . .כְּצֵ֥אתH3318Preposition-k | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructas the menservants doהָעֲבָדִֽים׃H5650Article | Noun - masculine plural
Verse 8

Original words

Ifאִם־H518Conjunctionshe is displeasingרָעָ֞הH7451Adjective - feminine singularin the eyesבְּעֵינֵ֧יH5869Preposition-b | Noun - cdcof her masterאֲדֹנֶ֛יהָH113Noun - masculine plural construct | third person feminine singularwhoאֲשֶׁר־H834Pronoun - relativehad designated her for himselfיְעָדָ֖הּH3259Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular | third person feminine singularhe must allow her to be redeemedוְהֶפְדָּ֑הּH6299Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular | third person feminine singularHe has noלֹאH3808Preposition | third person masculine singularrightיִמְשֹׁ֥לH4910Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularto sell herלְמָכְרָ֖הּH4376Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person feminine singularto foreignersלְעַ֥םH5971Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular. . .נָכְרִ֛יH5237Adjective - masculine singular. . .לֹא־H3808Adverb - Negative particlesince he has broken faithבְּבִגְדוֹ־H898Preposition-b | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person masculine singularwith herבָֽהּ׃Preposition | third person feminine singular

BSB notes

  • Or so that he does not designate her for himself
Verse 9

Original words

And ifוְאִם־H518Conjunctionhe chooses herיִֽיעָדֶ֑נָּהH3259Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person feminine singularfor his sonלִבְנ֖וֹH1121Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularhe must dealיַעֲשֶׂה־H6213Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularwith herלָּֽהּ׃Preposition | third person feminine singularas withכְּמִשְׁפַּ֥טH4941Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular constructa daughterהַבָּנ֖וֹתH1323Article | Noun - feminine plural
Verse 10

Original words

Ifאִם־H518Conjunctionhe takesיִֽקַּֽח־H3947Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularanother wifeאַחֶ֖רֶתH312Adjective - feminine singular constructhe must notלֹ֥אH3808Adverb - Negative particlereduceיִגְרָֽע׃H1639Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularthe foodשְׁאֵרָ֛הּH7607Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singularclothingכְּסוּתָ֥הּH3682Noun - feminine singular construct | third person feminine singularor marital rights [of his first wife]וְעֹנָתָ֖הּH5772Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person feminine singular
Verse 11

Original words

If, howeverוְאִם־H518Conjunctionhe does notלֹ֥אH3808Adverb - Negative particleprovideיַעֲשֶׂ֖הH6213Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularherלָ֑הּPreposition | third person feminine singularwith theseאֵ֔לֶּהH428Pronoun - common pluralthree thingsשְׁלָ֨שׁ־H7969Number - feminine singular constructshe is free to goוְיָצְאָ֥הH3318Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person feminine singular. . .חִנָּ֖םH2600Adverbwithoutאֵ֥יןH369Adverbmonetary paymentכָּֽסֶף׃סH3701Noun - masculine singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.