Focused Passage

Hosea 4:11-19

The LORD's Covenant Lawsuit Against Israel's Knowledge-Less Rebellion

Hosea 4 moves from the LORD's formal covenant charge against the land, to the failure of priests and people through rejected knowledge, to Israel's idolatrous prostitution, and finally to a warning that Judah must not follow Ephraim into hardened ruin.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

11to promiscuity, wine, and new wine, which take away understanding.

12My people consult their wooden idols, and their divining rods inform them. For a spirit of prostitution leads them astray and they have played the harlot against their God.

13They sacrifice on the mountaintops and burn offerings on the hills, under oak, poplar, and terebinth, because their shade is pleasant. And so your daughters turn to prostitution and your daughters-in-law to adultery.

14I will not punish your daughters when they prostitute themselves, nor your daughters-in-law when they commit adultery. For the men themselves go off with prostitutes and offer sacrifices with shrine prostitutes. So a people without understanding will come to ruin.

15Though you prostitute yourself, O Israel, may Judah avoid such guilt! Do not journey to Gilgal, do not go up to Beth-aven, and do not swear on oath, ‘As surely as the LORD lives!’

16For Israel is as obstinate as a stubborn heifer. Can the LORD now shepherd them like lambs in an open meadow?

17Ephraim is joined to idols; leave him alone!

18When their liquor is gone, they turn to prostitution; their rulers dearly love disgrace.

19The whirlwind has wrapped them in its wings, and their sacrifices will bring them shame.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 11

Original words

to promiscuityזְנ֛וּתH2184Noun - feminine singularwineוְיַ֥יִןH3196Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singularand new wineוְתִיר֖וֹשׁH8492Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singularwhich take awayיִֽקַּֽח־H3947Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularunderstandingלֵֽב׃H3820Noun - masculine singular
Verse 12

Original words

My peopleעַמִּי֙H5971Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularconsultיִשְׁאָ֔לH7592Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singulartheir wooden idolsבְּעֵצ֣וֹH6086Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularand their divining rodsוּמַקְל֖וֹH4731Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularinformיַגִּ֣ידH5046Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singularthemל֑וֹPreposition | third person masculine singularForכִּ֣יH3588Conjunctiona spiritר֤וּחַH7307Noun - common singular constructof prostitutionזְנוּנִים֙H2183Noun - masculine pluralleads them astrayהִתְעָ֔הH8582Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singularand they have played the harlotוַיִּזְנ֖וּH2181Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralagainstמִתַּ֥חַתH8478Preposition-mtheir Godאֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃H430Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural
Verse 13

Original words

They sacrificeיְזַבֵּ֗חוּH2076Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine pluralonעַל־H5921Prepositionthe mountaintopsרָאשֵׁ֨יH7218Noun - masculine plural construct. . .הֶהָרִ֜יםH2022Article | Noun - masculine pluraland burn offeringsיְקַטֵּ֔רוּH6999Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine pluralonוְעַל־H5921Conjunctive waw | Prepositionthe hillsהַגְּבָעוֹת֙H1389Article | Noun - feminine pluralunderתַּ֣חַתH8478Prepositionoakאַלּ֧וֹןH437Noun - masculine singularpoplarוְלִבְנֶ֛הH3839Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singularand terebinthוְאֵלָ֖הH424Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singularbecauseכִּ֣יH3588Conjunctiontheir shadeצִלָּ֑הּH6738Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singularis pleasantט֣וֹבH2896Adjective - masculine singularAnd soעַל־H5921Preposition. . .כֵּ֗ןH3651Adverbyour daughtersבְּנ֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔םH1323Noun - feminine plural construct | second person masculine pluralturn to prostitutionתִּזְנֶ֙ינָה֙H2181Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine pluraland your daughters-in-lawוְכַלּוֹתֵיכֶ֖םH3618Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine plural construct | second person masculine pluralto adulteryתְּנָאַֽפְנָה׃H5003Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person feminine plural
Verse 14

Original words

I will notלֹֽא־H3808Adverb - Negative particlepunishאֶפְק֨וֹדH6485Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singular. . .עַל־H5921Prepositionyour daughtersבְּנוֹתֵיכֶ֜םH1323Noun - feminine plural construct | second person masculine pluralwhenכִּ֣יH3588Conjunctionthey prostitute themselvesתִזְנֶ֗ינָהH2181Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine pluralnorוְעַל־H5921Conjunctive waw | Prepositionyour daughters-in-lawכַּלּֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙H3618Noun - feminine plural construct | second person masculine pluralwhenכִּ֣יH3588Conjunctionthey commit adulteryתְנָאַ֔פְנָהH5003Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person feminine pluralForכִּי־H3588Conjunctionthe men themselvesהֵם֙H1992Pronoun - third person masculine pluralgo offיְפָרֵ֔דוּH6504Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine pluralwithעִם־H5973Prepositionprostitutesהַזֹּנ֣וֹתH2181Article | Noun - feminine pluraland offer sacrificesיְזַבֵּ֑חוּH2076Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine pluralwithוְעִם־H5973Conjunctive waw | Prepositionshrine prostitutesהַקְּדֵשׁ֖וֹתH6948Article | Adjective - feminine pluralSo a peopleוְעָ֥םH5971Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singularwithoutלֹֽא־H3808Adverb - Negative particleunderstandingיָבִ֖יןH995Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularwill come to ruinיִלָּבֵֽט׃H3832Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 15

Original words

Thoughאִם־H518Conjunctionyouאַתָּה֙H859Pronoun - second person masculine singularprostitute yourselfזֹנֶ֤הH2181Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularO Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singularmay Judahיְהוּדָ֑הH3063Noun - proper - masculine singularavoidאַל־H408Adverbsuch guiltיֶאְשַׁ֖םH816Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularDo notוְאַל־H408Conjunctive waw | Adverbjourneyתָּבֹ֣אוּH935Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine pluralto Gilgalהַגִּלְגָּ֗לH1537Article | Noun - proper - feminine singulardo not go upתַּעֲלוּ֙H5927Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine pluralvvvבֵּ֣יתH1007Prepositionto Beth-avenאָ֔וֶןH1007Noun - proper - feminine singular. . .וְאַל־H408Conjunctive waw | Adverband do notוְאַֽל־H408Conjunctive waw | Adverbswear on oathתִּשָּׁבְע֖וּH7650Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine pluralAs surely as the LORDיְהוָֽה׃H3068Noun - proper - masculine singularlivesחַי־H2416Noun - masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Beth-aven means house of wickedness. This is a derogatory term for Bethel, which means house of God; see 1 Kings 12:28–29.
Verse 16

Original words

Forכִּ֚יH3588ConjunctionIsraelיִשְׂרָאֵ֑לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singularis as obstinateסֹֽרֵרָ֔הH5637Verb - Qal - Participle - feminine singularas a stubbornסָרַ֖רH5637Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularheiferכְּפָרָ֣הH6510Preposition-k | Noun - feminine singularCan the LORDיְהוָ֔הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularnowעַתָּה֙H6258Adverbshepherd themיִרְעֵ֣םH7462Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine plurallike lambsכְּכֶ֖בֶשׂH3532Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singularin an open meadowבַּמֶּרְחָֽב׃H4800Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 17

Original words

Ephraimאֶפְרָ֖יִםH669Noun - proper - masculine singularis joinedחֲב֧וּרH2266Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - masculine singular constructto idolsעֲצַבִּ֛יםH6091Noun - masculine pluralleave him aloneהַֽנַּֽח־H5117Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine singular

BSB notes

  • That is, the northern kingdom of Israel
Verse 18

Original words

When their liquorסָבְאָ֑םH5435Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine pluralis goneסָ֖רH5493Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularthey turn to prostitutionהַזְנֵ֣הH2181Verb - Hifil - Infinitive absolute. . .הִזְנ֔וּH2181Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common pluraltheir rulersמָגִנֶּֽיהָ׃H4043Noun - masculine plural construct | third person feminine singular. . .הֵב֛וּH157Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluraldearly loveאָהֲב֥וּH157Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluraldisgraceקָל֖וֹןH7036Noun - masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Hebrew her shields
Verse 19

Original words

The whirlwindר֛וּחַH7307Noun - common singularhas wrappedצָרַ֥רH6887Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularthemאוֹתָ֖הּH853Direct object marker | third person feminine singularin its wingsבִּכְנָפֶ֑יהָH3671Preposition-b | Noun - feminine plural construct | third person feminine singularand their sacrificesמִזִּבְחוֹתָֽםסH2077Preposition-m | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine pluralwill bring them shameוְיֵבֹ֖שׁוּH954Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine plural

BSB notes

  • Hebrew has wrapped her

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.