Focused Passage

Exodus 8:1-15

Frogs, Gnats, Flies, and the LORD’s Distinction

The LORD escalates judgment through frogs, gnats, and flies; Pharaoh bargains and hardens his heart; Egypt’s magicians confess the finger of God; and the LORD makes a distinction between Egypt and His people.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and tell him that this is what the LORD says: ‘Let My people go, so that they may worship Me.

2But if you refuse to let them go, I will plague your whole country with frogs.

3The Nile will teem with frogs, and they will come into your palace and up to your bedroom and onto your bed, into the houses of your officials and your people, and into your ovens and kneading bowls.

4The frogs will come up on you and your people and all your officials.’”

5And the LORD said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Stretch out your hand with your staff over the rivers and canals and ponds, and cause the frogs to come up onto the land of Egypt.’”

6So Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt, and the frogs came up and covered the land of Egypt.

7But the magicians did the same thing by their magic arts, and they also brought frogs up onto the land of Egypt.

8Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Pray to the LORD to take the frogs away from me and my people. Then I will let your people go, that they may sacrifice to the LORD.”

9Moses said to Pharaoh, “You may have the honor over me. When shall I pray for you and your officials and your people that the frogs (except for those in the Nile) may be taken away from you and your houses?”

10“Tomorrow,” Pharaoh answered. “May it be as you say,” Moses replied, “so that you may know that there is no one like the LORD our God.

11The frogs will depart from you and your houses and your officials and your people; they will remain only in the Nile.”

12After Moses and Aaron had left Pharaoh, Moses cried out to the LORD for help with the frogs that He had brought against Pharaoh.

13And the LORD did as Moses requested, and the frogs in the houses, the courtyards, and the fields died.

14They were piled into countless heaps, and there was a terrible stench in the land.

15When Pharaoh saw that there was relief, however, he hardened his heart and would not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as the LORD had said.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Then the LORDיְהוָה֙H3068Noun - proper - masculine singularsaidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulartoאֶל־H413PrepositionMosesמֹשֶׁ֔הH4872Noun - proper - masculine singularGoבֹּ֖אH935Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singulartoאֶל־H413PrepositionPharaohפַּרְעֹ֑הH6547Noun - proper - masculine singularand tell him thatוְאָמַרְתָּ֣H559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular. . .אֵלָ֗יוH413Preposition | third person masculine singularthis is whatכֹּ֚הH3541Adverbthe LORDיְהוָ֔הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularsaysאָמַ֣רH559Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularLet My peopleעַמִּ֖יH5971Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singulargoשַׁלַּ֥חH7971Verb - Piel - Imperative - masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerso that they may worship Meוְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי׃H5647Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine plural | first person common singular
Verse 2

Original words

But ifוְאִם־H518Conjunctionyouאַתָּ֖הH859Pronoun - second person masculine singularrefuseמָאֵ֥ןH3986Adjective - masculine singularto let them goלְשַׁלֵּ֑חַH7971Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct-הִנֵּ֣הH2009InterjectionIאָנֹכִ֗יH595Pronoun - first person common singularwill plagueנֹגֵ֛ףH5062Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markervvvכָּל־H3605Noun - masculine singular constructyour whole countryגְּבוּלְךָ֖H1366Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularwith frogsבַּֽצְפַרְדְּעִֽים׃H6854Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine plural
Verse 3

Original words

The Nileהַיְאֹר֮H2975Article | Noun - proper - feminine singularwill teemוְשָׁרַ֣ץH8317Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularwith frogsצְפַרְדְּעִים֒H6854Noun - feminine pluraland they will comeוְעָלוּ֙H5927Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluralvvvוּבָ֣אוּH935Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluralinto your palaceבְּבֵיתֶ֔ךָH1004Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularand up to your bedroomוּבַחֲדַ֥רH2315Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct. . .מִשְׁכָּבְךָ֖H4904Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularand ontoוְעַל־H5921Conjunctive waw | Prepositionyour bedמִטָּתֶ֑ךָH4296Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine singularinto the housesוּבְבֵ֤יתH1004Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructof your officialsעֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙H5650Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularand your peopleוּבְעַמֶּ֔ךָH5971Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularand into your ovensוּבְתַנּוּרֶ֖יךָH8574Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - common plural construct | second person masculine singularand kneading bowlsוּבְמִשְׁאֲרוֹתֶֽיךָ׃H4863Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - feminine plural construct | second person masculine singular
Verse 4

Original words

The frogsהַֽצְפַרְדְּעִֽים׃H6854Article | Noun - feminine pluralwill come upיַעֲל֖וּH5927Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine pluralon youוּבְכָ֥הConjunctive waw | Prepositionand your peopleוּֽבְעַמְּךָ֖H5971Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularand allוּבְכָל־H3605Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructyour officialsעֲבָדֶ֑יךָH5650Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular
Verse 5

Original words

And the LORDיְהוָה֮H3068Noun - proper - masculine singularsaidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulartoאֶל־H413PrepositionMosesמֹשֶׁה֒H4872Noun - proper - masculine singularTellאֱמֹ֣רH559Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular. . .אֶֽל־H413PrepositionAaronאַהֲרֹ֗ןH175Noun - proper - masculine singularStretch outנְטֵ֤הH5186Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markeryour handיָדְךָ֙H3027Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine singularwith your staffבְּמַטֶּ֔ךָH4294Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularoverעַל־H5921Prepositionthe riversהַ֨נְּהָרֹ֔תH5104Article | Noun - masculine plural-עַל־H5921Prepositionand canalsהַיְאֹרִ֖יםH2975Article | Noun - masculine plural. . .וְעַל־H5921Conjunctive waw | Prepositionand pondsהָאֲגַמִּ֑יםH98Article | Noun - masculine pluraland cause the frogsהַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֖יםH6854Article | Noun - feminine plural. . .עַל־H5921Prepositionto come up ontoוְהַ֥עַלH5927Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerthe landאֶ֥רֶץH776Noun - feminine singular constructof Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃H4714Noun - proper - feminine singular
Verse 6

Original words

So Aaronאַהֲרֹן֙H175Noun - proper - masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerstretched outוַיֵּ֤טH5186Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularhis handיָד֔וֹH3027Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singularoverעַ֖לH5921Prepositionthe watersמֵימֵ֣יH4325Noun - masculine plural constructof Egyptמִצְרָ֑יִםH4714Noun - proper - feminine singularand the frogsהַצְּפַרְדֵּ֔עַH6854Article | Noun - feminine singularcame upוַתַּ֙עַל֙H5927Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singularand coveredוַתְּכַ֖סH3680Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerthe landאֶ֥רֶץH776Noun - feminine singular constructof Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃H4714Noun - proper - feminine singular
Verse 7

Original words

But the magiciansהַֽחֲרְטֻמִּ֖יםH2748Article | Noun - masculine pluraldidוַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־H6213Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralthe same thingכֵ֥ןH3651Adverbby their magic artsבְּלָטֵיהֶ֑םH3909Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine pluraland they also brought frogsהַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֖יםH6854Article | Noun - feminine pluralupוַיַּעֲל֥וּH5927Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural-אֶת־H853Direct object markerontoעַל־H5921Prepositionthe landאֶ֥רֶץH776Noun - feminine singular constructof Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃H4714Noun - proper - feminine singular
Verse 8

Original words

Pharaohפַרְעֹ֜הH6547Noun - proper - masculine singularsummonedוַיִּקְרָ֨אH7121Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularMosesלְמֹשֶׁ֣הH4872Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singularand Aaronוּֽלְאַהֲרֹ֗ןH175Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singularand saidוַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙H559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularPrayהַעְתִּ֣ירוּH6279Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine pluraltoאֶל־H413Prepositionthe LORDיְהוָ֔הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularto takeוְיָסֵר֙H5493Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive imperfect Jussive - third person masculine singularthe frogsהַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֔יםH6854Article | Noun - feminine pluralaway from meמִמֶּ֖נִּיH4480Preposition | first person common singularand my peopleוּמֵֽעַמִּ֑יH5971Conjunctive waw, Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularThen I will let your peopleהָעָ֔םH5971Article | Noun - masculine singulargoוַאֲשַׁלְּחָה֙H7971Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative - first person common singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerthat they may sacrificeוְיִזְבְּח֖וּH2076Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine pluralto the LORDלַיהוָֽה׃H3068Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 9

Original words

Mosesמֹשֶׁ֣הH4872Noun - proper - masculine singularsaidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularto Pharaohלְפַרְעֹה֮H6547Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singularYou may have the honorהִתְפָּאֵ֣רH6286Verb - Hitpael - Imperative - masculine singularover meעָלַי֒H5921Preposition | first person common singularWhenלְמָתַ֣י׀H4970Preposition-l | Interrogativeshall I prayאַעְתִּ֣ירH6279Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - first person common singularfor youלְךָ֗Preposition | second person masculine singularand your officialsוְלַעֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙H5650Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularand your peopleוּֽלְעַמְּךָ֔H5971Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularthat the frogsהַֽצֲפַרְדְּעִ֔יםH6854Article | Noun - feminine pluralexcept for thoseתִּשָּׁאַֽרְנָה׃H7604Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person feminine plural. . .רַ֥קH7535Adverbin the Nileבַּיְאֹ֖רH2975Preposition-b, Article | Noun - proper - feminine singularmay be taken awayלְהַכְרִית֙H3772Preposition-l | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive constructfromמִמְּךָ֖H4480Preposition | second person masculine singularyou and your housesוּמִבָּתֶּ֑יךָH1004Conjunctive waw, Preposition-m | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular
Verse 10

Original words

Tomorrowלְמָחָ֑רH4279Preposition-l | Adverb[Pharaoh] answeredוַיֹּ֖אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular[May it be] as you sayכִּדְבָ֣רְךָ֔H1697Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularMoses repliedוַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙H559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularso thatלְמַ֣עַןH4616Conjunctionyou may knowתֵּדַ֔עH3045Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singularthatכִּי־H3588Conjunctionthere is no oneאֵ֖יןH369Adverblike the LORDכַּיהוָ֥הH3068Preposition-k | Noun - proper - masculine singularour Godאֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃H430Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common plural
Verse 11

Original words

The frogsהַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֗יםH6854Article | Noun - feminine pluralwill departוְסָר֣וּH5493Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluralfrom youמִמְּךָ֙H4480Preposition | second person masculine singularand your housesוּמִבָּ֣תֶּ֔יךָH1004Conjunctive waw, Preposition-m | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularand your officialsוּמֵעֲבָדֶ֖יךָH5650Conjunctive waw, Preposition-m | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularand your peopleוּמֵעַמֶּ֑ךָH5971Conjunctive waw, Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularthey will remainתִּשָּׁאַֽרְנָה׃H7604Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person feminine pluralonlyרַ֥קH7535Adverbin the Nileבַּיְאֹ֖רH2975Preposition-b, Article | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Verse 12

Original words

After Mosesמֹשֶׁ֛הH4872Noun - proper - masculine singularand Aaronוְאַהֲרֹ֖ןH175Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singularhad leftוַיֵּצֵ֥אH3318Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .מֵעִ֣םH5973Preposition-mPharaohפַּרְעֹ֑הH6547Noun - proper - masculine singularMosesמֹשֶׁה֙H4872Noun - proper - masculine singularcried out toאֶל־H413Prepositionthe LORDיְהוָ֔הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularfor helpוַיִּצְעַ֤קH6817Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularעַל־עַל־H5921Prepositionwithדְּבַ֥רH1697Noun - masculine singular constructthe frogsהַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֖יםH6854Article | Noun - feminine pluralthatאֲשֶׁר־H834Pronoun - relativeHe had broughtשָׂ֥םH7760Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularagainst Pharaohלְפַרְעֹֽה׃H6547Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 13

Original words

And the LORDיְהוָ֖הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singulardidוַיַּ֥עַשׂH6213Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularas Mosesמֹשֶׁ֑הH4872Noun - proper - masculine singularrequestedכִּדְבַ֣רH1697Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular constructand the frogsהַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֔יםH6854Article | Noun - feminine pluralinמִן־H4480Prepositionthe housesהַבָּתִּ֥יםH1004Article | Noun - masculine plural. . .מִן־H4480Prepositionthe courtyardsהַחֲצֵרֹ֖תH2691Article | Noun - common plural. . .וּמִן־H4480Conjunctive waw | Prepositionand the fieldsהַשָּׂדֹֽת׃H7704Article | Noun - masculine pluraldiedוַיָּמֻ֙תוּ֙H4191Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural
Verse 14

Original words

They were piledוַיִּצְבְּר֥וּH6651Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural. . .אֹתָ֖םH853Direct object marker | third person masculine pluralinto countless heapsחֳמָרִ֣םH2563Noun - masculine plural. . .חֳמָרִ֑םH2563Noun - masculine pluraland there was a terrible stenchוַתִּבְאַ֖שׁH887Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singularin the landהָאָֽרֶץ׃H776Article | Noun - feminine singular
Verse 15

Original words

When Pharaohפַּרְעֹ֗הH6547Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .כִּ֤יH3588Conjunctionsaw thatוַיַּ֣רְאH7200Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularthere wasהָֽיְתָה֙H1961Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singularrelief, howeverהָֽרְוָחָ֔הH7309Article | Noun - feminine singularhe hardenedוְהַכְבֵּד֙H3513Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive absolute-אֶת־H853Direct object markerhis heartלִבּ֔וֹH3820Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularand would notוְלֹ֥אH3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particlelistenשָׁמַ֖עH8085Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularto [Moses and Aaron]אֲלֵהֶ֑םH413Preposition | third person masculine pluraljust asכַּאֲשֶׁ֖רH834Preposition-k | Pronoun - relativethe LORDיְהוָֽה׃סH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularhad saidדִּבֶּ֥רH1696Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Or made heavy; also in verse 32

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.