Focused Passage

Exodus 8:20-32

Frogs, Gnats, Flies, and the LORD’s Distinction

The LORD escalates judgment through frogs, gnats, and flies; Pharaoh bargains and hardens his heart; Egypt’s magicians confess the finger of God; and the LORD makes a distinction between Egypt and His people.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

20Then the LORD said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning, and when Pharaoh goes out to the water, stand before him and tell him that this is what the LORD says: ‘Let My people go, so that they may worship Me.

21But if you will not let My people go, I will send swarms of flies upon you and your officials and your people and your houses. The houses of the Egyptians and even the ground where they stand will be full of flies.

22But on that day I will give special treatment to the land of Goshen, where My people live; no swarms of flies will be found there. In this way you will know that I, the LORD, am in the land.

23I will make a distinction between My people and your people. This sign will take place tomorrow.’”

24And the LORD did so. Thick swarms of flies poured into Pharaoh’s palace and into the houses of his officials. Throughout Egypt the land was ruined by swarms of flies.

25Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Go, sacrifice to your God within this land.”

26But Moses replied, “It would not be right to do that, because the sacrifices we offer to the LORD our God would be detestable to the Egyptians. If we offer sacrifices that are detestable before the Egyptians, will they not stone us?

27We must make a three-day journey into the wilderness and sacrifice to the LORD our God as He commands us.”

28Pharaoh answered, “I will let you go and sacrifice to the LORD your God in the wilderness, but you must not go very far. Now pray for me.”

29“As soon as I leave you,” Moses said, “I will pray to the LORD, so that tomorrow the swarms of flies will depart from Pharaoh and his officials and his people. But Pharaoh must not act deceitfully again by refusing to let the people go and sacrifice to the LORD.”

30Then Moses left Pharaoh and prayed to the LORD,

31and the LORD did as Moses requested. He removed the swarms of flies from Pharaoh and his officials and his people; not one fly remained.

32But Pharaoh hardened his heart this time as well, and he would not let the people go.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 20

Original words

Then the LORDיְהוָ֜הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularsaidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulartoאֶל־H413PrepositionMosesמֹשֶׁ֗הH4872Noun - proper - masculine singularGet up earlyהַשְׁכֵּ֤םH7925Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine singularin the morningבַּבֹּ֙קֶר֙H1242Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularand when Pharaohפַרְעֹ֔הH6547Noun - proper - masculine singularvvvהִנֵּ֖הH2009Interjectiongoes outיוֹצֵ֣אH3318Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularto the waterהַמָּ֑יְמָהH4325Article | Noun - masculine plural | third person feminine singularstandוְהִתְיַצֵּב֙H3320Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hitpael - Imperative - masculine singularbefore himלִפְנֵ֣יH6440Preposition-l | Noun - common plural constructand tell himוְאָמַרְתָּ֣H559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singularthatאֵלָ֗יוH413Preposition | third person masculine singularthis is whatכֹּ֚הH3541Adverbthe LORDיְהוָ֔הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularsaysאָמַ֣רH559Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularLet My peopleעַמִּ֖יH5971Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singulargoשַׁלַּ֥חH7971Verb - Piel - Imperative - masculine singularso that they may worship Meוְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי׃H5647Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine plural | first person common singular
Verse 21

Original words

Butכִּ֣יH3588Conjunctionifאִם־H518Conjunctionyou will notאֵינְךָ֮H369Adverb | second person masculine singularlet My peopleעַמִּי֒H5971Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular. . .הִנְנִי֩H2005Interjection | first person common singulargoמְשַׁלֵּ֣חַH7971Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerI will sendמַשְׁלִ֨יחַH7971Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singularswarms [of flies]הֶעָרֹ֑בH6157Article | Noun - masculine singularupon youבְּךָ֜Preposition | second person masculine singularand your officialsוּבַעֲבָדֶ֧יךָH5650Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularand your peopleוּֽבְעַמְּךָ֛H5971Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularand your housesוּבְבָתֶּ֖יךָH1004Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerThe housesבָּתֵּ֤יH1004Noun - masculine plural constructof the Egyptiansמִצְרַ֙יִם֙H4713Noun - proper - feminine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerand evenוְגַ֥םH1571Conjunctionthe groundהָאֲדָמָ֖הH127Article | Noun - feminine singular-אֲשֶׁר־H834Pronoun - relativewhere they [stand]הֵ֥םH1992Pronoun - third person masculine pluralwill be fullוּמָ֨לְא֜וּH4390Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluralof fliesהֶ֣עָרֹ֔בH6157Article | Noun - masculine singular. . .עָלֶֽיהָ׃H5921Preposition | third person feminine singular

BSB notes

  • Literally a noxious mixture; also in verses 22, 24, 29, and 31
Verse 22

Original words

But on thatהַה֜וּאH1931Article | Pronoun - third person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerdayבַיּ֨וֹםH3117Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularI will give special treatmentוְהִפְלֵיתִי֩H6395Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singularto the landאֶ֣רֶץH776Noun - feminine singular constructof Goshenגֹּ֗שֶׁןH1657Noun - proper - feminine singularwhereאֲשֶׁ֤רH834Pronoun - relativeMy peopleעַמִּי֙H5971Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularliveעֹמֵ֣דH5975Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular. . .עָלֶ֔יהָH5921Preposition | third person feminine singularnoלְבִלְתִּ֥יH1115Preposition-lswarms [of flies]עָרֹ֑בH6157Noun - masculine singularwill be [found]הֱיֽוֹת־H1961Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructthereשָׁ֖םH8033AdverbIn this wayלְמַ֣עַןH4616Conjunctionyou will knowתֵּדַ֔עH3045Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singularthatכִּ֛יH3588ConjunctionIאֲנִ֥יH589Pronoun - first person common singularthe LORDיְהוָ֖הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularam inבְּקֶ֥רֶבH7130Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructthe landהָאָֽרֶץ׃H776Article | Noun - feminine singular
Verse 23

Original words

I will makeוְשַׂמְתִּ֣יH7760Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singulara distinctionפְדֻ֔תH6304Noun - feminine singularbetweenבֵּ֥יןH996PrepositionMy peopleעַמִּ֖יH5971Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular. . .וּבֵ֣יןH996Conjunctive waw | Prepositionand your peopleעַמֶּ֑ךָH5971Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularThisהַזֶּֽה׃H2088Article | Pronoun - masculine singularsignהָאֹ֥תH226Article | Noun - common singularwill take placeיִהְיֶ֖הH1961Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singulartomorrowלְמָחָ֥רH4279Preposition-l | Adverb

BSB notes

  • LXX and Vulgate; Hebrew I will set redemption
Verse 24

Original words

And the LORDיְהוָה֙H3068Noun - proper - masculine singulardidוַיַּ֤עַשׂH6213Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularsoכֵּ֔ןH3651AdverbThickכָּבֵ֔דH3515Adjective - masculine singularswarms [of flies]עָרֹ֣בH6157Noun - masculine singularpouredוַיָּבֹא֙H935Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularinto Pharaoh’sפַרְעֹ֖הH6547Noun - proper - masculine singularpalaceבֵּ֥יתָהH1004Noun - masculine singular | third person feminine singularand into the housesוּבֵ֣יתH1004Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular constructof his officialsעֲבָדָ֑יוH5650Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singularThroughoutוּבְכָל־H3605Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructEgyptמִצְרַ֛יִםH4714Noun - proper - feminine singularthe landאֶ֧רֶץH776Noun - feminine singular constructwas ruinedתִּשָּׁחֵ֥תH7843Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person feminine singular. . .הָאָ֖רֶץH776Article | Noun - feminine singularbyמִפְּנֵ֥יH6440Preposition-m | Noun - common plural constructswarms [of flies]הֶעָרֹֽב׃H6157Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 25

Original words

Then Pharaohפַרְעֹ֔הH6547Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .אֶל־H413Prepositionsummonedוַיִּקְרָ֣אH7121Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularMosesמֹשֶׁ֖הH4872Noun - proper - masculine singularand Aaronוּֽלְאַהֲרֹ֑ןH175Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singularand saidוַיֹּ֗אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularGoלְכ֛וּH1980Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluralsacrificeזִבְח֥וּH2076Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluralto your Godלֵֽאלֹהֵיכֶ֖םH430Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine pluralwithin this landבָּאָֽרֶץ׃H776Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singular
Verse 26

Original words

But Mosesמֹשֶׁ֗הH4872Noun - proper - masculine singularrepliedוַיֹּ֣אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularIt would notלֹ֤אH3808Adverb - Negative particlebe rightנָכוֹן֙H3559Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine singularto doלַעֲשׂ֣וֹתH6213Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructthatכֵּ֔ןH3651Adverbbecauseכִּ֚יH3588Conjunctionthe sacrifices we offerנִזְבַּ֖חH2076Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common pluralto the LORDלַיהוָ֣הH3068Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singularour Godאֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּH430Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common pluralwould be detestableתּוֹעֲבַ֣תH8441Noun - feminine singular constructto the Egyptiansמִצְרַ֔יִםH4714Noun - proper - feminine singularIfהֵ֣ןH2005Interjectionwe offer sacrificesנִזְבַּ֞חH2076Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common pluralthat areאֶת־H853Direct object markerdetestableתּוֹעֲבַ֥תH8441Noun - feminine singular constructbeforeלְעֵינֵיהֶ֖םH5869Preposition-l | Noun - cdc | third person masculine pluralthe Egyptiansמִצְרַ֛יִםH4714Noun - proper - feminine singularwill they notוְלֹ֥אH3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particlestone usיִסְקְלֻֽנוּ׃H5619Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural | first person common plural
Verse 27

Original words

We must makeנֵלֵ֖ךְH1980Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common plurala three-dayשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁתH7969Number - masculine singular construct. . .יָמִ֔יםH3117Noun - masculine pluraljourneyדֶּ֚רֶךְH1870Noun - common singular constructinto the wildernessבַּמִּדְבָּ֑רH4057Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularand sacrificeוְזָבַ֙חְנוּ֙H2076Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common pluralto the LORDלַֽיהוָ֣הH3068Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singularour Godאֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּH430Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common pluralasכַּאֲשֶׁ֖רH834Preposition-k | Pronoun - relativeHe commands usיֹאמַ֥רH559Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .אֵלֵֽינוּ׃H413Preposition | first person common plural
Verse 28

Original words

Pharaohפַּרְעֹ֗הH6547Noun - proper - masculine singularansweredוַיֹּ֣אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularIאָנֹכִ֞יH595Pronoun - first person common singularwill let you goאֲשַׁלַּ֤חH7971Verb - Piel - Imperfect - first person common singular-אֶתְכֶם֙H853Direct object marker | second person masculine pluraland sacrificeוּזְבַחְתֶּ֞םH2076Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine pluralto the LORDלַיהוָ֤הH3068Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singularyour Godאֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֙H430Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine pluralin the wildernessבַּמִּדְבָּ֔רH4057Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularbutרַ֛קH7535Adverbyou must notלֹא־H3808Adverb - Negative particlegoלָלֶ֑כֶתH1980Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructvery farהַרְחֵ֥קH7368Verb - Hifil - Infinitive absolute. . .תַרְחִ֖יקוּH7368Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - second person masculine pluralNow prayהַעְתִּ֖ירוּH6279Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine pluralfor meבַּעֲדִֽי׃H1157Preposition | first person common singular
Verse 29

Original words

As soon as Iאָנֹכִ֜יH595Pronoun - first person common singularleave youיוֹצֵ֤אH3318Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular. . .מֵֽעִמָּךְ֙H5973Preposition-m | second person masculine singularMosesמֹשֶׁ֗הH4872Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .הִנֵּ֨הH2009Interjectionsaidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularI will prayוְהַעְתַּרְתִּ֣יH6279Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singulartoאֶל־H413Prepositionthe LORDיְהוָ֔הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularso that tomorrowמָחָ֑רH4279Adverbthe swarms [of flies]הֶעָרֹ֗בH6157Article | Noun - masculine singularwill departוְסָ֣רH5493Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularfrom Pharaohמִפַּרְעֹ֛הH6547Preposition-m | Noun - proper - masculine singularand his officialsמֵעֲבָדָ֥יוH5650Preposition-m | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singularand his peopleוּמֵעַמּ֖וֹH5971Conjunctive waw, Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularButרַ֗קH7535AdverbPharaohפַּרְעֹה֙H6547Noun - proper - masculine singularmust notאַל־H408Adverbact deceitfullyהָתֵ֔לH2048Verb - Hifil - Infinitive constructagainיֹסֵ֤ףH3254Verb - Hifil - Imperfect Jussive - third person masculine singularby refusingלְבִלְתִּי֙H1115Preposition-lto let the peopleהָעָ֔םH5971Article | Noun - masculine singulargoשַׁלַּ֣חH7971Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct-אֶת־H853Direct object markerand sacrificeלִזְבֹּ֖חַH2076Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructto the LORDלַֽיהוָֽה׃H3068Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 30

Original words

Then Mosesמֹשֶׁ֖הH4872Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .מֵעִ֣םH5973Preposition-mleftוַיֵּצֵ֥אH3318Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularPharaohפַּרְעֹ֑הH6547Noun - proper - masculine singularand prayedוַיֶּעְתַּ֖רH6279Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulartoאֶל־H413Prepositionthe LORDיְהוָֽה׃H3068Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 31

Original words

and the LORDיְהוָה֙H3068Noun - proper - masculine singulardidוַיַּ֤עַשׂH6213Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularas Mosesמֹשֶׁ֔הH4872Noun - proper - masculine singularrequestedכִּדְבַ֣רH1697Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular constructHe removedוַיָּ֙סַר֙H5493Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularthe swarms [of flies]הֶעָרֹ֔בH6157Article | Noun - masculine singularfrom Pharaohמִפַּרְעֹ֖הH6547Preposition-m | Noun - proper - masculine singularand his officialsמֵעֲבָדָ֣יוH5650Preposition-m | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singularand his peopleוּמֵעַמּ֑וֹH5971Conjunctive waw, Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularnotלֹ֥אH3808Adverb - Negative particleone [fly]אֶחָֽד׃H259Number - masculine singularremainedנִשְׁאַ֖רH7604Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 32

Original words

But Pharaohפַּרְעֹה֙H6547Noun - proper - masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerhardenedוַיַּכְבֵּ֤דH3513Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularhis heartלִבּ֔וֹH3820Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularthisהַזֹּ֑אתH2063Article | Pronoun - feminine singulartimeבַּפַּ֣עַםH6471Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singularas wellגַּ֖םH1571Conjunctionand he would notוְלֹ֥אH3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particlelet the peopleהָעָֽם׃פH5971Article | Noun - masculine singulargoשִׁלַּ֖חH7971Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object marker

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.