Focused Passage

Exodus 8:20-32

Frogs, Gnats, Flies, and the LORD’s Distinction

The LORD escalates judgment through frogs, gnats, and flies; Pharaoh bargains and hardens his heart; Egypt’s magicians confess the finger of God; and the LORD makes a distinction between Egypt and His people.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

20 Then the LORD said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning, and when Pharaoh goes out to the water, stand before him and tell him that this is what the LORD says: ‘Let My people go, so that they may worship Me.

21 But if you will not let My people go, I will send swarms of flies upon you and your officials and your people and your houses. The houses of the Egyptians and even the ground where they stand will be full of flies.

22 But on that day I will give special treatment to the land of Goshen, where My people live; no swarms of flies will be found there. In this way you will know that I, the LORD, am in the land.

23 I will make a distinction between My people and your people. This sign will take place tomorrow.’”

24 And the LORD did so. Thick swarms of flies poured into Pharaoh’s palace and into the houses of his officials. Throughout Egypt the land was ruined by swarms of flies.

25 Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Go, sacrifice to your God within this land.”

26 But Moses replied, “It would not be right to do that, because the sacrifices we offer to the LORD our God would be detestable to the Egyptians. If we offer sacrifices that are detestable before the Egyptians, will they not stone us?

27 We must make a three-day journey into the wilderness and sacrifice to the LORD our God as He commands us.”

28 Pharaoh answered, “I will let you go and sacrifice to the LORD your God in the wilderness, but you must not go very far. Now pray for me.”

29 “As soon as I leave you,” Moses said, “I will pray to the LORD, so that tomorrow the swarms of flies will depart from Pharaoh and his officials and his people. But Pharaoh must not act deceitfully again by refusing to let the people go and sacrifice to the LORD.”

30 Then Moses left Pharaoh and prayed to the LORD,

31 and the LORD did as Moses requested. He removed the swarms of flies from Pharaoh and his officials and his people; not one fly remained.

32 But Pharaoh hardened his heart this time as well, and he would not let the people go.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 20

Original words

Then the LORD יְהוָ֜ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular said וַיֹּ֨אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition Moses מֹשֶׁ֗ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular Get up early הַשְׁכֵּ֤ם H7925 Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine singular in the morning בַּבֹּ֙קֶר֙ H1242 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular and when Pharaoh פַרְעֹ֔ה H6547 Noun - proper - masculine singular vvv הִנֵּ֖ה H2009 Interjection goes out יוֹצֵ֣א H3318 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular to the water הַמָּ֑יְמָה H4325 Article | Noun - masculine plural | third person feminine singular stand וְהִתְיַצֵּב֙ H3320 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hitpael - Imperative - masculine singular before him לִפְנֵ֣י H6440 Preposition-l | Noun - common plural construct and tell him וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular that אֵלָ֗יו H413 Preposition | third person masculine singular this is what כֹּ֚ה H3541 Adverb the LORD יְהוָ֔ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular says אָמַ֣ר H559 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular Let My people עַמִּ֖י H5971 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular go שַׁלַּ֥ח H7971 Verb - Piel - Imperative - masculine singular so that they may worship Me וְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי׃ H5647 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine plural | first person common singular
Verse 21

Original words

But כִּ֣י H3588 Conjunction if אִם־ H518 Conjunction you will not אֵינְךָ֮ H369 Adverb | second person masculine singular let My people עַמִּי֒ H5971 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular . . . הִנְנִי֩ H2005 Interjection | first person common singular go מְשַׁלֵּ֣חַ H7971 Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker I will send מַשְׁלִ֨יחַ H7971 Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singular swarms [of flies] הֶעָרֹ֑ב H6157 Article | Noun - masculine singular upon you בְּךָ֜ Preposition | second person masculine singular and your officials וּבַעֲבָדֶ֧יךָ H5650 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular and your people וּֽבְעַמְּךָ֛ H5971 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular and your houses וּבְבָתֶּ֖יךָ H1004 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker The houses בָּתֵּ֤י H1004 Noun - masculine plural construct of the Egyptians מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ H4713 Noun - proper - feminine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker and even וְגַ֥ם H1571 Conjunction the ground הָאֲדָמָ֖ה H127 Article | Noun - feminine singular - אֲשֶׁר־ H834 Pronoun - relative where they [stand] הֵ֥ם H1992 Pronoun - third person masculine plural will be full וּמָ֨לְא֜וּ H4390 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural of flies הֶ֣עָרֹ֔ב H6157 Article | Noun - masculine singular . . . עָלֶֽיהָ׃ H5921 Preposition | third person feminine singular

BSB notes

  • Literally a noxious mixture; also in verses 22, 24, 29, and 31
Verse 22

Original words

But on that הַה֜וּא H1931 Article | Pronoun - third person masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker day בַיּ֨וֹם H3117 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular I will give special treatment וְהִפְלֵיתִי֩ H6395 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular to the land אֶ֣רֶץ H776 Noun - feminine singular construct of Goshen גֹּ֗שֶׁן H1657 Noun - proper - feminine singular where אֲשֶׁ֤ר H834 Pronoun - relative My people עַמִּי֙ H5971 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular live עֹמֵ֣ד H5975 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular . . . עָלֶ֔יהָ H5921 Preposition | third person feminine singular no לְבִלְתִּ֥י H1115 Preposition-l swarms [of flies] עָרֹ֑ב H6157 Noun - masculine singular will be [found] הֱיֽוֹת־ H1961 Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct there שָׁ֖ם H8033 Adverb In this way לְמַ֣עַן H4616 Conjunction you will know תֵּדַ֔ע H3045 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular that כִּ֛י H3588 Conjunction I אֲנִ֥י H589 Pronoun - first person common singular the LORD יְהוָ֖ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular am in בְּקֶ֥רֶב H7130 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct the land הָאָֽרֶץ׃ H776 Article | Noun - feminine singular
Verse 23

Original words

I will make וְשַׂמְתִּ֣י H7760 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular a distinction פְדֻ֔ת H6304 Noun - feminine singular between בֵּ֥ין H996 Preposition My people עַמִּ֖י H5971 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular . . . וּבֵ֣ין H996 Conjunctive waw | Preposition and your people עַמֶּ֑ךָ H5971 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular This הַזֶּֽה׃ H2088 Article | Pronoun - masculine singular sign הָאֹ֥ת H226 Article | Noun - common singular will take place יִהְיֶ֖ה H1961 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular tomorrow לְמָחָ֥ר H4279 Preposition-l | Adverb

BSB notes

  • LXX and Vulgate; Hebrew I will set redemption
Verse 24

Original words

And the LORD יְהוָה֙ H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular did וַיַּ֤עַשׂ H6213 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular so כֵּ֔ן H3651 Adverb Thick כָּבֵ֔ד H3515 Adjective - masculine singular swarms [of flies] עָרֹ֣ב H6157 Noun - masculine singular poured וַיָּבֹא֙ H935 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular into Pharaoh’s פַרְעֹ֖ה H6547 Noun - proper - masculine singular palace בֵּ֥יתָה H1004 Noun - masculine singular | third person feminine singular and into the houses וּבֵ֣ית H1004 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct of his officials עֲבָדָ֑יו H5650 Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular Throughout וּבְכָל־ H3605 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct Egypt מִצְרַ֛יִם H4714 Noun - proper - feminine singular the land אֶ֧רֶץ H776 Noun - feminine singular construct was ruined תִּשָּׁחֵ֥ת H7843 Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person feminine singular . . . הָאָ֖רֶץ H776 Article | Noun - feminine singular by מִפְּנֵ֥י H6440 Preposition-m | Noun - common plural construct swarms [of flies] הֶעָרֹֽב׃ H6157 Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 25

Original words

Then Pharaoh פַרְעֹ֔ה H6547 Noun - proper - masculine singular . . . אֶל־ H413 Preposition summoned וַיִּקְרָ֣א H7121 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Moses מֹשֶׁ֖ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular and Aaron וּֽלְאַהֲרֹ֑ן H175 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular and said וַיֹּ֗אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Go לְכ֛וּ H1980 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural sacrifice זִבְח֥וּ H2076 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural to your God לֵֽאלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם H430 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine plural within this land בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ H776 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singular
Verse 26

Original words

But Moses מֹשֶׁ֗ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular replied וַיֹּ֣אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular It would not לֹ֤א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle be right נָכוֹן֙ H3559 Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine singular to do לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת H6213 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct that כֵּ֔ן H3651 Adverb because כִּ֚י H3588 Conjunction the sacrifices we offer נִזְבַּ֖ח H2076 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common plural to the LORD לַיהוָ֣ה H3068 Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular our God אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ H430 Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common plural would be detestable תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת H8441 Noun - feminine singular construct to the Egyptians מִצְרַ֔יִם H4714 Noun - proper - feminine singular If הֵ֣ן H2005 Interjection we offer sacrifices נִזְבַּ֞ח H2076 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common plural that are אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker detestable תּוֹעֲבַ֥ת H8441 Noun - feminine singular construct before לְעֵינֵיהֶ֖ם H5869 Preposition-l | Noun - cdc | third person masculine plural the Egyptians מִצְרַ֛יִם H4714 Noun - proper - feminine singular will they not וְלֹ֥א H3808 Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle stone us יִסְקְלֻֽנוּ׃ H5619 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural | first person common plural
Verse 27

Original words

We must make נֵלֵ֖ךְ H1980 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common plural a three-day שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת H7969 Number - masculine singular construct . . . יָמִ֔ים H3117 Noun - masculine plural journey דֶּ֚רֶךְ H1870 Noun - common singular construct into the wilderness בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר H4057 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular and sacrifice וְזָבַ֙חְנוּ֙ H2076 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common plural to the LORD לַֽיהוָ֣ה H3068 Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular our God אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ H430 Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common plural as כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר H834 Preposition-k | Pronoun - relative He commands us יֹאמַ֥ר H559 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . אֵלֵֽינוּ׃ H413 Preposition | first person common plural
Verse 28

Original words

Pharaoh פַּרְעֹ֗ה H6547 Noun - proper - masculine singular answered וַיֹּ֣אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular I אָנֹכִ֞י H595 Pronoun - first person common singular will let you go אֲשַׁלַּ֤ח H7971 Verb - Piel - Imperfect - first person common singular - אֶתְכֶם֙ H853 Direct object marker | second person masculine plural and sacrifice וּזְבַחְתֶּ֞ם H2076 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine plural to the LORD לַיהוָ֤ה H3068 Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular your God אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֙ H430 Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine plural in the wilderness בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר H4057 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular but רַ֛ק H7535 Adverb you must not לֹא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle go לָלֶ֑כֶת H1980 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct very far הַרְחֵ֥ק H7368 Verb - Hifil - Infinitive absolute . . . תַרְחִ֖יקוּ H7368 Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - second person masculine plural Now pray הַעְתִּ֖ירוּ H6279 Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine plural for me בַּעֲדִֽי׃ H1157 Preposition | first person common singular
Verse 29

Original words

As soon as I אָנֹכִ֜י H595 Pronoun - first person common singular leave you יוֹצֵ֤א H3318 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular . . . מֵֽעִמָּךְ֙ H5973 Preposition-m | second person masculine singular Moses מֹשֶׁ֗ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular . . . הִנֵּ֨ה H2009 Interjection said וַיֹּ֣אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular I will pray וְהַעְתַּרְתִּ֣י H6279 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition the LORD יְהוָ֔ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular so that tomorrow מָחָ֑ר H4279 Adverb the swarms [of flies] הֶעָרֹ֗ב H6157 Article | Noun - masculine singular will depart וְסָ֣ר H5493 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular from Pharaoh מִפַּרְעֹ֛ה H6547 Preposition-m | Noun - proper - masculine singular and his officials מֵעֲבָדָ֥יו H5650 Preposition-m | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular and his people וּמֵעַמּ֖וֹ H5971 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular But רַ֗ק H7535 Adverb Pharaoh פַּרְעֹה֙ H6547 Noun - proper - masculine singular must not אַל־ H408 Adverb act deceitfully הָתֵ֔ל H2048 Verb - Hifil - Infinitive construct again יֹסֵ֤ף H3254 Verb - Hifil - Imperfect Jussive - third person masculine singular by refusing לְבִלְתִּי֙ H1115 Preposition-l to let the people הָעָ֔ם H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular go שַׁלַּ֣ח H7971 Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker and sacrifice לִזְבֹּ֖חַ H2076 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct to the LORD לַֽיהוָֽה׃ H3068 Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 30

Original words

Then Moses מֹשֶׁ֖ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular . . . מֵעִ֣ם H5973 Preposition-m left וַיֵּצֵ֥א H3318 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Pharaoh פַּרְעֹ֑ה H6547 Noun - proper - masculine singular and prayed וַיֶּעְתַּ֖ר H6279 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition the LORD יְהוָֽה׃ H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 31

Original words

and the LORD יְהוָה֙ H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular did וַיַּ֤עַשׂ H6213 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular as Moses מֹשֶׁ֔ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular requested כִּדְבַ֣ר H1697 Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular construct He removed וַיָּ֙סַר֙ H5493 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular the swarms [of flies] הֶעָרֹ֔ב H6157 Article | Noun - masculine singular from Pharaoh מִפַּרְעֹ֖ה H6547 Preposition-m | Noun - proper - masculine singular and his officials מֵעֲבָדָ֣יו H5650 Preposition-m | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular and his people וּמֵעַמּ֑וֹ H5971 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular not לֹ֥א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle one [fly] אֶחָֽד׃ H259 Number - masculine singular remained נִשְׁאַ֖ר H7604 Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 32

Original words

But Pharaoh פַּרְעֹה֙ H6547 Noun - proper - masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker hardened וַיַּכְבֵּ֤ד H3513 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular his heart לִבּ֔וֹ H3820 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular this הַזֹּ֑את H2063 Article | Pronoun - feminine singular time בַּפַּ֣עַם H6471 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singular as well גַּ֖ם H1571 Conjunction and he would not וְלֹ֥א H3808 Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle let the people הָעָֽם׃פ H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular go שִׁלַּ֖ח H7971 Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.