Focused Passage

Genesis 42:1-17

Joseph’s Brothers Go Down to Egypt, Are Confronted by Their Guilt, and Begin to Feel the Weight of God’s Hand

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1 When Jacob learned that there was grain in Egypt, he said to his sons, “Why are you staring at one another?”

2 “Look,” he added, “I have heard that there is grain in Egypt. Go down there and buy some for us, so that we may live and not die.”

3 So ten of Joseph’s brothers went down to buy grain from Egypt.

4 But Jacob did not send Joseph’s brother Benjamin with his brothers, for he said, “I am afraid that harm might befall him.”

5 So the sons of Israel were among those who came to buy grain, since the famine had also spread to the land of Canaan.

6 Now Joseph was the ruler of the land; he was the one who sold grain to all its people. So when his brothers arrived, they bowed down before him with their faces to the ground.

7 And when Joseph saw his brothers, he recognized them, but he treated them as strangers and spoke harshly to them. “Where have you come from?” he asked. “From the land of Canaan,” they replied. “We are here to buy food.”

8 Although Joseph recognized his brothers, they did not recognize him.

9 Joseph remembered his dreams about them and said, “You are spies! You have come to see if our land is vulnerable.”

10 “Not so, my lord,” they replied. “Your servants have come to buy food.

11 We are all sons of one man. Your servants are honest men, not spies.”

12 “No,” he told them. “You have come to see if our land is vulnerable.”

13 But they answered, “Your servants are twelve brothers, the sons of one man in the land of Canaan. The youngest is now with our father, and one is no more.”

14 Then Joseph declared, “Just as I said, you are spies!

15 And this is how you will be tested: As surely as Pharaoh lives, you shall not leave this place unless your youngest brother comes here.

16 Send one of your number to get your brother; the rest of you will be confined so that the truth of your words may be tested. If they are untrue, then as surely as Pharaoh lives, you are spies!”

17 So Joseph imprisoned them for three days,

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

When Jacob יַעֲקֹ֔ב H3290 Noun - proper - masculine singular learned וַיַּ֣רְא H7200 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular that כִּ֥י H3588 Conjunction there was יֶשׁ־ H3426 Adverb grain שֶׁ֖בֶר H7668 Noun - masculine singular in Egypt בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם H4714 Preposition-b | Noun - proper - feminine singular he יַעֲקֹב֙ H3290 Noun - proper - masculine singular said וַיֹּ֤אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to his sons לְבָנָ֔יו H1121 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular Why לָ֖מָּה H4100 Interrogative are you staring at one another תִּתְרָאֽוּ׃ H7200 Verb - Hitpael - Imperfect - second person masculine plural
Verse 2

Original words

Look הִנֵּ֣ה H2009 Interjection he added וַיֹּ֕אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular I have heard שָׁמַ֔עְתִּי H8085 Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular that כִּ֥י H3588 Conjunction there is יֶשׁ־ H3426 Adverb grain שֶׁ֖בֶר H7668 Noun - masculine singular in Egypt בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם H4714 Preposition-b | Noun - proper - feminine singular Go down רְדוּ־ H3381 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural there שָׁ֙מָּה֙ H8033 Adverb | third person feminine singular and buy וְשִׁבְרוּ־ H7666 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural some for us לָ֣נוּ Preposition | first person common plural . . . מִשָּׁ֔ם H8033 Preposition-m | Adverb so that we may live וְנִחְיֶ֖ה H2421 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative if contextual - first person common plural and not וְלֹ֥א H3808 Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle die נָמֽוּת׃ H4191 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common plural
Verse 3

Original words

So ten עֲשָׂרָ֑ה H6235 Number - masculine singular of Joseph’s יוֹסֵ֖ף H3130 Noun - proper - masculine singular brothers אֲחֵֽי־ H251 Noun - masculine plural construct went down וַיֵּרְד֥וּ H3381 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural to buy לִשְׁבֹּ֥ר H7666 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct grain בָּ֖ר H1250 Noun - masculine singular from Egypt מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ H4714 Preposition-m | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Verse 4

Original words

- וְאֶת־ H853 Conjunctive waw | Direct object marker But Jacob יַעֲקֹ֖ב H3290 Noun - proper - masculine singular did not לֹא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle send שָׁלַ֥ח H7971 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular Joseph’s יוֹסֵ֔ף H3130 Noun - proper - masculine singular brother אֲחִ֣י H251 Noun - masculine singular construct Benjamin בִּנְיָמִין֙ H1144 Noun - proper - masculine singular with אֶת־ H854 Preposition his brothers אֶחָ֑יו H251 Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular for כִּ֣י H3588 Conjunction he said אָמַ֔ר H559 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular I am afraid that פֶּן־ H6435 Conjunction harm אָסֽוֹן׃ H611 Noun - masculine singular might befall him יִקְרָאֶ֖נּוּ H7122 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular
Verse 5

Original words

So the sons בְּנֵ֣י H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct of Israel יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular were among בְּת֣וֹךְ H8432 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct those who הַבָּאִ֑ים H935 Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural came וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ H935 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural to buy grain לִשְׁבֹּ֖ר H7666 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct since כִּֽי־ H3588 Conjunction the famine הָרָעָ֖ב H7458 Article | Noun - masculine singular had [also] spread הָיָ֥ה H1961 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular to the land בְּאֶ֥רֶץ H776 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct of Canaan כְּנָֽעַן׃ H3667 Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 6

Original words

Now Joseph וְיוֹסֵ֗ף H3130 Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular was ה֚וּא H1931 Pronoun - third person masculine singular the ruler הַשַּׁלִּ֣יט H7989 Article | Adjective - masculine singular of עַל־ H5921 Preposition the land הָאָ֔רֶץ H776 Article | Noun - feminine singular [he was the one] who ה֥וּא H1931 Pronoun - third person masculine singular sold grain הַמַּשְׁבִּ֖יר H7666 Article | Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singular to all לְכָל־ H3605 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct its הָאָ֑רֶץ H776 Article | Noun - feminine singular people עַ֣ם H5971 Noun - masculine singular construct So when [his] יוֹסֵ֔ף H3130 Noun - proper - masculine singular brothers אֲחֵ֣י H251 Noun - masculine plural construct arrived וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ H935 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural they bowed down וַיִּשְׁתַּֽחֲווּ־ H7812 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hitpael - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural before him ל֥וֹ Preposition | third person masculine singular with their faces אַפַּ֖יִם H639 Noun - md to the ground אָֽרְצָה׃ H776 Noun - feminine singular | third person feminine singular
Verse 7

Original words

And when Joseph יוֹסֵ֛ף H3130 Noun - proper - masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker saw וַיַּ֥רְא H7200 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular his brothers אֶחָ֖יו H251 Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular he recognized them וַיַּכִּרֵ֑ם H5234 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine plural but he treated them as strangers וַיִּתְנַכֵּ֨ר H5234 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hitpael - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם H413 Preposition | third person masculine plural and spoke וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר H1696 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular harshly קָשׁ֗וֹת H7186 Adjective - feminine plural to them אִתָּ֣ם H854 Preposition | third person masculine plural Where מֵאַ֣יִן H370 Preposition-m | Adverb have you come from בָּאתֶ֔ם H935 Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine plural he asked וַיֹּ֤אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . אֲלֵהֶם֙ H413 Preposition | third person masculine plural From the land מֵאֶ֥רֶץ H776 Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct of Canaan כְּנַ֖עַן H3667 Noun - proper - masculine singular they replied וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural [We are here] to buy לִשְׁבָּר־ H7666 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct food אֹֽכֶל׃ H400 Noun - masculine singular
Verse 8

Original words

Although Joseph יוֹסֵ֖ף H3130 Noun - proper - masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker recognized וַיַּכֵּ֥ר H5234 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular his brothers אֶחָ֑יו H251 Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular they וְהֵ֖ם H1992 Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - third person masculine plural did not לֹ֥א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle recognize him הִכִּרֻֽהוּ׃ H5234 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common plural | third person masculine singular
Verse 9

Original words

Joseph יוֹסֵ֔ף H3130 Noun - proper - masculine singular - אֵ֚ת H853 Direct object marker remembered וַיִּזְכֹּ֣ר H2142 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular his dreams הַחֲלֹמ֔וֹת H2472 Article | Noun - masculine plural - אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834 Pronoun - relative - חָלַ֖ם H2492 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular about them לָהֶ֑ם Preposition | third person masculine plural and said וַיֹּ֤אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . אֲלֵהֶם֙ H413 Preposition | third person masculine plural You אַתֶּ֔ם H859 Pronoun - second person masculine plural are spies מְרַגְּלִ֣ים H7270 Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine plural You have come בָּאתֶֽם׃ H935 Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine plural to see לִרְא֛וֹת H7200 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker if our land הָאָ֖רֶץ H776 Article | Noun - feminine singular [is] vulnerable עֶרְוַ֥ת H6172 Noun - feminine singular construct
Verse 10

Original words

Not so לֹ֣א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle my lord אֲדֹנִ֑י H113 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular they replied וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural . . . אֵלָ֖יו H413 Preposition | third person masculine singular Your servants וַעֲבָדֶ֥יךָ H5650 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular have come בָּ֖אוּ H935 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural to buy לִשְׁבָּר־ H7666 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct food אֹֽכֶל׃ H400 Noun - masculine singular
Verse 11

Original words

We נָ֑חְנוּ H5168 Pronoun - first person common plural are all כֻּלָּ֕נוּ H3605 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common plural sons בְּנֵ֥י H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct of one אֶחָ֖ד H259 Number - masculine singular man אִישׁ־ H376 Noun - masculine singular Your servants עֲבָדֶ֖יךָ H5650 Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular . . . אֲנַ֔חְנוּ H587 Pronoun - first person common plural are הָי֥וּ H1961 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural honest [men] כֵּנִ֣ים H3651 Adjective - masculine plural not לֹא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle spies מְרַגְּלִֽים׃ H7270 Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine plural
Verse 12

Original words

No לֹ֕א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle . . . כִּֽי־ H3588 Conjunction he told וַיֹּ֖אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular them אֲלֵהֶ֑ם H413 Preposition | third person masculine plural You have come בָּאתֶ֥ם H935 Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine plural to see לִרְאֽוֹת׃ H7200 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct if our land הָאָ֖רֶץ H776 Article | Noun - feminine singular [is] vulnerable עֶרְוַ֥ת H6172 Noun - feminine singular construct
Verse 13

Original words

But they answered וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural Your servants עֲבָדֶ֨יךָ H5650 Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular . . . אֲנַ֛חְנוּ H587 Pronoun - first person common plural are twelve שְׁנֵ֣ים H8147 Number - md . . . עָשָׂר֩ H6240 Number - masculine singular brothers אַחִ֧ים׀ H251 Noun - masculine plural the sons בְּנֵ֥י H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct of one אֶחָ֖ד H259 Number - masculine singular man אִישׁ־ H376 Noun - masculine singular in the land בְּאֶ֣רֶץ H776 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct of Canaan כְּנָ֑עַן H3667 Noun - proper - masculine singular . . . וְהִנֵּ֨ה H2009 Conjunctive waw | Interjection The youngest הַקָּטֹ֤ן H6996 Article | Adjective - masculine singular is now הַיּ֔וֹם H3117 Article | Noun - masculine singular with אֶת־ H854 Preposition our father אָבִ֙ינוּ֙ H1 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common plural and one וְהָאֶחָ֖ד H259 Conjunctive waw, Article | Number - masculine singular is no more אֵינֶֽנּוּ׃ H369 Adverb | third person masculine singular
Verse 14

Original words

Then Joseph יוֹסֵ֑ף H3130 Noun - proper - masculine singular . . . ה֗וּא H1931 Pronoun - third person masculine singular - אֲשֶׁ֨ר H834 Pronoun - relative declared וַיֹּ֥אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . אֲלֵהֶ֖ם H413 Preposition | third person masculine plural Just as I said דִּבַּ֧רְתִּי H1696 Verb - Piel - Perfect - first person common singular . . . אֲלֵכֶ֛ם H413 Preposition | second person masculine plural . . . לֵאמֹ֖ר H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct you אַתֶּֽם׃ H859 Pronoun - second person masculine plural are spies מְרַגְּלִ֥ים H7270 Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine plural
Verse 15

Original words

And this is how בְּזֹ֖את H2063 Preposition-b | Pronoun - feminine singular you will be tested תִּבָּחֵ֑נוּ H974 Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural As surely as Pharaoh פַרְעֹה֙ H6547 Noun - proper - masculine singular lives חֵ֤י H2416 Noun - masculine singular construct you shall not אִם־ H518 Conjunction leave תֵּצְא֣וּ H3318 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural this מִזֶּ֔ה H2088 Preposition-m | Pronoun - masculine singular place unless כִּ֧י H3588 Conjunction . . . אִם־ H518 Conjunction your youngest הַקָּטֹ֖ן H6996 Article | Adjective - masculine singular brother אֲחִיכֶ֥ם H251 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine plural comes בְּב֛וֹא H935 Preposition-b | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct here הֵֽנָּה׃ H2008 Adverb
Verse 16

Original words

Send שִׁלְח֨וּ H7971 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural one אֶחָד֮ H259 Number - masculine singular of your number מִכֶּ֣ם Preposition | second person masculine plural to get וְיִקַּ֣ח H3947 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker your brother אֲחִיכֶם֒ H251 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine plural the rest of you וְאַתֶּם֙ H859 Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - second person masculine plural will be confined הֵאָ֣סְר֔וּ H631 Verb - Nifal - Imperative - masculine plural so that the truth הַֽאֱמֶ֖ת H571 Article | Noun - feminine singular of your words דִּבְרֵיכֶ֔ם H1697 Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine plural may be tested וְיִבָּֽחֲנוּ֙ H974 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine plural . . . אִתְּכֶ֑ם H854 Preposition | second person masculine plural If וְאִם־ H518 Conjunction they are untrue לֹ֕א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle then as surely as Pharaoh פַרְעֹ֔ה H6547 Noun - proper - masculine singular . . . כִּ֥י H3588 Conjunction lives חֵ֣י H2416 Noun - masculine singular construct you אַתֶּֽם׃ H859 Pronoun - second person masculine plural are spies מְרַגְּלִ֖ים H7270 Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine plural
Verse 17

Original words

So Joseph imprisoned them וַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ף H622 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular - אֹתָ֛ם H853 Direct object marker | third person masculine plural - אֶל־ H413 Preposition . . . מִשְׁמָ֖ר H4929 Noun - masculine singular for three שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת H7969 Number - masculine singular construct days יָמִֽים׃ H3117 Noun - masculine plural

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.