Focused Passage

Genesis 42:1-17

Joseph’s Brothers Go Down to Egypt, Are Confronted by Their Guilt, and Begin to Feel the Weight of God’s Hand

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1When Jacob learned that there was grain in Egypt, he said to his sons, “Why are you staring at one another?”

2“Look,” he added, “I have heard that there is grain in Egypt. Go down there and buy some for us, so that we may live and not die.”

3So ten of Joseph’s brothers went down to buy grain from Egypt.

4But Jacob did not send Joseph’s brother Benjamin with his brothers, for he said, “I am afraid that harm might befall him.”

5So the sons of Israel were among those who came to buy grain, since the famine had also spread to the land of Canaan.

6Now Joseph was the ruler of the land; he was the one who sold grain to all its people. So when his brothers arrived, they bowed down before him with their faces to the ground.

7And when Joseph saw his brothers, he recognized them, but he treated them as strangers and spoke harshly to them. “Where have you come from?” he asked. “From the land of Canaan,” they replied. “We are here to buy food.”

8Although Joseph recognized his brothers, they did not recognize him.

9Joseph remembered his dreams about them and said, “You are spies! You have come to see if our land is vulnerable.”

10“Not so, my lord,” they replied. “Your servants have come to buy food.

11We are all sons of one man. Your servants are honest men, not spies.”

12“No,” he told them. “You have come to see if our land is vulnerable.”

13But they answered, “Your servants are twelve brothers, the sons of one man in the land of Canaan. The youngest is now with our father, and one is no more.”

14Then Joseph declared, “Just as I said, you are spies!

15And this is how you will be tested: As surely as Pharaoh lives, you shall not leave this place unless your youngest brother comes here.

16Send one of your number to get your brother; the rest of you will be confined so that the truth of your words may be tested. If they are untrue, then as surely as Pharaoh lives, you are spies!”

17So Joseph imprisoned them for three days,

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

When Jacobיַעֲקֹ֔בH3290Noun - proper - masculine singularlearnedוַיַּ֣רְאH7200Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularthatכִּ֥יH3588Conjunctionthere wasיֶשׁ־H3426Adverbgrainשֶׁ֖בֶרH7668Noun - masculine singularin Egyptבְּמִצְרָ֑יִםH4714Preposition-b | Noun - proper - feminine singularheיַעֲקֹב֙H3290Noun - proper - masculine singularsaidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularto his sonsלְבָנָ֔יוH1121Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singularWhyלָ֖מָּהH4100Interrogativeare you staring at one anotherתִּתְרָאֽוּ׃H7200Verb - Hitpael - Imperfect - second person masculine plural
Verse 2

Original words

Lookהִנֵּ֣הH2009Interjectionhe addedוַיֹּ֕אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularI have heardשָׁמַ֔עְתִּיH8085Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singularthatכִּ֥יH3588Conjunctionthere isיֶשׁ־H3426Adverbgrainשֶׁ֖בֶרH7668Noun - masculine singularin Egyptבְּמִצְרָ֑יִםH4714Preposition-b | Noun - proper - feminine singularGo downרְדוּ־H3381Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluralthereשָׁ֙מָּה֙H8033Adverb | third person feminine singularand buyוְשִׁבְרוּ־H7666Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluralsome for usלָ֣נוּPreposition | first person common plural. . .מִשָּׁ֔םH8033Preposition-m | Adverbso that we may liveוְנִחְיֶ֖הH2421Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative if contextual - first person common pluraland notוְלֹ֥אH3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particledieנָמֽוּת׃H4191Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common plural
Verse 3

Original words

So tenעֲשָׂרָ֑הH6235Number - masculine singularof Joseph’sיוֹסֵ֖ףH3130Noun - proper - masculine singularbrothersאֲחֵֽי־H251Noun - masculine plural constructwent downוַיֵּרְד֥וּH3381Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralto buyלִשְׁבֹּ֥רH7666Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructgrainבָּ֖רH1250Noun - masculine singularfrom Egyptמִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃H4714Preposition-m | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Verse 4

Original words

-וְאֶת־H853Conjunctive waw | Direct object markerBut Jacobיַעֲקֹ֖בH3290Noun - proper - masculine singulardid notלֹא־H3808Adverb - Negative particlesendשָׁלַ֥חH7971Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularJoseph’sיוֹסֵ֔ףH3130Noun - proper - masculine singularbrotherאֲחִ֣יH251Noun - masculine singular constructBenjaminבִּנְיָמִין֙H1144Noun - proper - masculine singularwithאֶת־H854Prepositionhis brothersאֶחָ֑יוH251Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singularforכִּ֣יH3588Conjunctionhe saidאָמַ֔רH559Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularI am afraid thatפֶּן־H6435Conjunctionharmאָסֽוֹן׃H611Noun - masculine singularmight befall himיִקְרָאֶ֖נּוּH7122Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular
Verse 5

Original words

So the sonsבְּנֵ֣יH1121Noun - masculine plural constructof Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singularwere amongבְּת֣וֹךְH8432Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructthose whoהַבָּאִ֑יםH935Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine pluralcameוַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙H935Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralto buy grainלִשְׁבֹּ֖רH7666Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructsinceכִּֽי־H3588Conjunctionthe famineהָרָעָ֖בH7458Article | Noun - masculine singularhad [also] spreadהָיָ֥הH1961Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularto the landבְּאֶ֥רֶץH776Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular constructof Canaanכְּנָֽעַן׃H3667Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 6

Original words

Now Josephוְיוֹסֵ֗ףH3130Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singularwasה֚וּאH1931Pronoun - third person masculine singularthe rulerהַשַּׁלִּ֣יטH7989Article | Adjective - masculine singularofעַל־H5921Prepositionthe landהָאָ֔רֶץH776Article | Noun - feminine singular[he was the one] whoה֥וּאH1931Pronoun - third person masculine singularsold grainהַמַּשְׁבִּ֖ירH7666Article | Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singularto allלְכָל־H3605Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular constructitsהָאָ֑רֶץH776Article | Noun - feminine singularpeopleעַ֣םH5971Noun - masculine singular constructSo when [his]יוֹסֵ֔ףH3130Noun - proper - masculine singularbrothersאֲחֵ֣יH251Noun - masculine plural constructarrivedוַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙H935Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralthey bowed downוַיִּשְׁתַּֽחֲווּ־H7812Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hitpael - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralbefore himל֥וֹPreposition | third person masculine singularwith their facesאַפַּ֖יִםH639Noun - mdto the groundאָֽרְצָה׃H776Noun - feminine singular | third person feminine singular
Verse 7

Original words

And when Josephיוֹסֵ֛ףH3130Noun - proper - masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markersawוַיַּ֥רְאH7200Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularhis brothersאֶחָ֖יוH251Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singularhe recognized themוַיַּכִּרֵ֑םH5234Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine pluralbut he treated them as strangersוַיִּתְנַכֵּ֨רH5234Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hitpael - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .אֲלֵיהֶ֜םH413Preposition | third person masculine pluraland spokeוַיְדַבֵּ֧רH1696Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularharshlyקָשׁ֗וֹתH7186Adjective - feminine pluralto themאִתָּ֣םH854Preposition | third person masculine pluralWhereמֵאַ֣יִןH370Preposition-m | Adverbhave you come fromבָּאתֶ֔םH935Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine pluralhe askedוַיֹּ֤אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .אֲלֵהֶם֙H413Preposition | third person masculine pluralFrom the landמֵאֶ֥רֶץH776Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular constructof Canaanכְּנַ֖עַןH3667Noun - proper - masculine singularthey repliedוַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural[We are here] to buyלִשְׁבָּר־H7666Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructfoodאֹֽכֶל׃H400Noun - masculine singular
Verse 8

Original words

Although Josephיוֹסֵ֖ףH3130Noun - proper - masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerrecognizedוַיַּכֵּ֥רH5234Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularhis brothersאֶחָ֑יוH251Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singulartheyוְהֵ֖םH1992Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - third person masculine pluraldid notלֹ֥אH3808Adverb - Negative particlerecognize himהִכִּרֻֽהוּ׃H5234Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common plural | third person masculine singular
Verse 9

Original words

Josephיוֹסֵ֔ףH3130Noun - proper - masculine singular-אֵ֚תH853Direct object markerrememberedוַיִּזְכֹּ֣רH2142Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularhis dreamsהַחֲלֹמ֔וֹתH2472Article | Noun - masculine plural-אֲשֶׁ֥רH834Pronoun - relative-חָלַ֖םH2492Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularabout themלָהֶ֑םPreposition | third person masculine pluraland saidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .אֲלֵהֶם֙H413Preposition | third person masculine pluralYouאַתֶּ֔םH859Pronoun - second person masculine pluralare spiesמְרַגְּלִ֣יםH7270Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine pluralYou have comeבָּאתֶֽם׃H935Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine pluralto seeלִרְא֛וֹתH7200Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct-אֶת־H853Direct object markerif our landהָאָ֖רֶץH776Article | Noun - feminine singular[is] vulnerableעֶרְוַ֥תH6172Noun - feminine singular construct
Verse 10

Original words

Not soלֹ֣אH3808Adverb - Negative particlemy lordאֲדֹנִ֑יH113Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularthey repliedוַיֹּאמְר֥וּH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural. . .אֵלָ֖יוH413Preposition | third person masculine singularYour servantsוַעֲבָדֶ֥יךָH5650Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularhave comeבָּ֖אוּH935Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralto buyלִשְׁבָּר־H7666Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructfoodאֹֽכֶל׃H400Noun - masculine singular
Verse 11

Original words

Weנָ֑חְנוּH5168Pronoun - first person common pluralare allכֻּלָּ֕נוּH3605Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common pluralsonsבְּנֵ֥יH1121Noun - masculine plural constructof oneאֶחָ֖דH259Number - masculine singularmanאִישׁ־H376Noun - masculine singularYour servantsעֲבָדֶ֖יךָH5650Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular. . .אֲנַ֔חְנוּH587Pronoun - first person common pluralareהָי֥וּH1961Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralhonest [men]כֵּנִ֣יםH3651Adjective - masculine pluralnotלֹא־H3808Adverb - Negative particlespiesמְרַגְּלִֽים׃H7270Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine plural
Verse 12

Original words

Noלֹ֕אH3808Adverb - Negative particle. . .כִּֽי־H3588Conjunctionhe toldוַיֹּ֖אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularthemאֲלֵהֶ֑םH413Preposition | third person masculine pluralYou have comeבָּאתֶ֥םH935Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine pluralto seeלִרְאֽוֹת׃H7200Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructif our landהָאָ֖רֶץH776Article | Noun - feminine singular[is] vulnerableעֶרְוַ֥תH6172Noun - feminine singular construct
Verse 13

Original words

But they answeredוַיֹּאמְר֗וּH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralYour servantsעֲבָדֶ֨יךָH5650Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular. . .אֲנַ֛חְנוּH587Pronoun - first person common pluralare twelveשְׁנֵ֣יםH8147Number - md. . .עָשָׂר֩H6240Number - masculine singularbrothersאַחִ֧ים׀H251Noun - masculine pluralthe sonsבְּנֵ֥יH1121Noun - masculine plural constructof oneאֶחָ֖דH259Number - masculine singularmanאִישׁ־H376Noun - masculine singularin the landבְּאֶ֣רֶץH776Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular constructof Canaanכְּנָ֑עַןH3667Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .וְהִנֵּ֨הH2009Conjunctive waw | InterjectionThe youngestהַקָּטֹ֤ןH6996Article | Adjective - masculine singularis nowהַיּ֔וֹםH3117Article | Noun - masculine singularwithאֶת־H854Prepositionour fatherאָבִ֙ינוּ֙H1Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common pluraland oneוְהָאֶחָ֖דH259Conjunctive waw, Article | Number - masculine singularis no moreאֵינֶֽנּוּ׃H369Adverb | third person masculine singular
Verse 14

Original words

Then Josephיוֹסֵ֑ףH3130Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .ה֗וּאH1931Pronoun - third person masculine singular-אֲשֶׁ֨רH834Pronoun - relativedeclaredוַיֹּ֥אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .אֲלֵהֶ֖םH413Preposition | third person masculine pluralJust as I saidדִּבַּ֧רְתִּיH1696Verb - Piel - Perfect - first person common singular. . .אֲלֵכֶ֛םH413Preposition | second person masculine plural. . .לֵאמֹ֖רH559Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructyouאַתֶּֽם׃H859Pronoun - second person masculine pluralare spiesמְרַגְּלִ֥יםH7270Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine plural
Verse 15

Original words

And this is howבְּזֹ֖אתH2063Preposition-b | Pronoun - feminine singularyou will be testedתִּבָּחֵ֑נוּH974Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine pluralAs surely as Pharaohפַרְעֹה֙H6547Noun - proper - masculine singularlivesחֵ֤יH2416Noun - masculine singular constructyou shall notאִם־H518Conjunctionleaveתֵּצְא֣וּH3318Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine pluralthisמִזֶּ֔הH2088Preposition-m | Pronoun - masculine singularplace unlessכִּ֧יH3588Conjunction. . .אִם־H518Conjunctionyour youngestהַקָּטֹ֖ןH6996Article | Adjective - masculine singularbrotherאֲחִיכֶ֥םH251Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine pluralcomesבְּב֛וֹאH935Preposition-b | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructhereהֵֽנָּה׃H2008Adverb
Verse 16

Original words

Sendשִׁלְח֨וּH7971Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluraloneאֶחָד֮H259Number - masculine singularof your numberמִכֶּ֣םPreposition | second person masculine pluralto getוְיִקַּ֣חH3947Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markeryour brotherאֲחִיכֶם֒H251Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine pluralthe rest of youוְאַתֶּם֙H859Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - second person masculine pluralwill be confinedהֵאָ֣סְר֔וּH631Verb - Nifal - Imperative - masculine pluralso that the truthהַֽאֱמֶ֖תH571Article | Noun - feminine singularof your wordsדִּבְרֵיכֶ֔םH1697Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine pluralmay be testedוְיִבָּֽחֲנוּ֙H974Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine plural. . .אִתְּכֶ֑םH854Preposition | second person masculine pluralIfוְאִם־H518Conjunctionthey are untrueלֹ֕אH3808Adverb - Negative particlethen as surely as Pharaohפַרְעֹ֔הH6547Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .כִּ֥יH3588Conjunctionlivesחֵ֣יH2416Noun - masculine singular constructyouאַתֶּֽם׃H859Pronoun - second person masculine pluralare spiesמְרַגְּלִ֖יםH7270Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine plural
Verse 17

Original words

So Joseph imprisoned themוַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ףH622Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular-אֹתָ֛םH853Direct object marker | third person masculine plural-אֶל־H413Preposition. . .מִשְׁמָ֖רH4929Noun - masculine singularfor threeשְׁלֹ֥שֶׁתH7969Number - masculine singular constructdaysיָמִֽים׃H3117Noun - masculine plural

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