Focused Passage

Isaiah 36:11-22

Assyria’s Threat and the Test of Trust

Isaiah 36 moves from Sennacherib’s invasion of Judah, to Rabshakeh’s confrontation at Jerusalem’s water source, to his public challenge against Hezekiah’s confidence, to his theological distortion of the LORD’s will, to his promise of false peace under Assyrian exile, and finally to the silent obedience of Hezekiah’s officials as they return with torn clothes.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

11 Then Eliakim, Shebna, and Joah said to the Rabshakeh, “Please speak to your servants in Aramaic, since we understand it. Do not speak to us in Hebrew in the hearing of the people on the wall.”

12 But the Rabshakeh replied, “Has my master sent me to speak these words only to you and your master, and not to the men sitting on the wall, who are destined with you to eat their own dung and drink their own urine?”

13 Then the Rabshakeh stood and called out loudly in Hebrew: “Hear the words of the great king, the king of Assyria!

14 This is what the king says: Do not let Hezekiah deceive you, for he cannot deliver you.

15 Do not let Hezekiah persuade you to trust in the LORD when he says, ‘The LORD will surely deliver us; this city will not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria.’

16 Do not listen to Hezekiah, for this is what the king of Assyria says: Make peace with me and come out to me. Then every one of you will eat from his own vine and his own fig tree, and drink water from his own cistern,

17 until I come and take you away to a land like your own—a land of grain and new wine, a land of bread and vineyards.

18 Do not let Hezekiah mislead you when he says, ‘The LORD will deliver us.’ Has the god of any nation ever delivered his land from the hand of the king of Assyria?

19 Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim? Have they delivered Samaria from my hand?

20 Who among all the gods of these lands has delivered his land from my hand? How then can the LORD deliver Jerusalem from my hand?”

21 But the people remained silent and did not answer a word, for Hezekiah had commanded, “Do not answer him.”

22 Then Hilkiah’s son Eliakim the palace administrator, Shebna the scribe, and Asaph’s son Joah the recorder came to Hezekiah with their clothes torn, and they relayed to him the words of the Rabshakeh.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 11

Original words

Then Eliakim אֶלְיָקִים֩ H471 Noun - proper - masculine singular Shebna וְשֶׁבְנָ֨א H7644 Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular and Joah וְיוֹאָ֜ח H3098 Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular said וַיֹּ֣אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition vvv רַב־ H7262 Noun - masculine singular the Rabshakeh שָׁקֵ֗ה H7262 Noun - masculine singular Please נָ֤א H4994 Interjection speak דַּבֶּר־ H1696 Verb - Piel - Imperative - masculine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition your servants עֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ H5650 Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular in Aramaic אֲרָמִ֔ית H762 Noun - proper - feminine singular since כִּ֥י H3588 Conjunction we אֲנָ֑חְנוּ H587 Pronoun - first person common plural understand it שֹׁמְעִ֖ים H8085 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural Do not וְאַל־ H408 Conjunctive waw | Adverb speak תְּדַבֵּ֤ר H1696 Verb - Piel - Imperfect - second person masculine singular to us אֵלֵ֙ינוּ֙ H413 Preposition | first person common plural in Hebrew יְהוּדִ֔ית H3066 Noun - proper - feminine singular in the hearing בְּאָזְנֵ֣י H241 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine dual construct of the people הָעָ֔ם H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular - אֲשֶׁ֖ר H834 Pronoun - relative on עַל־ H5921 Preposition the wall הַחוֹמָֽה׃ H2346 Article | Noun - feminine singular

BSB notes

  • Or in the dialect of Judah; also in verse 13
Verse 12

Original words

vvv רַב־ H7262 Noun - masculine singular But the Rabshakeh שָׁקֵ֗ה H7262 Noun - masculine singular replied וַיֹּ֣אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Has my master אֲדֹנֶ֤יךָ H113 Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular sent me שְׁלָחַ֣נִי H7971 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular | first person common singular to speak לְדַבֵּ֖ר H1696 Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker these הָאֵ֑לֶּה H428 Article | Pronoun - common plural words הַדְּבָרִ֣ים H1697 Article | Noun - masculine plural only to הַאֶ֨ל H413 Preposition you and וְאֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ H413 Conjunctive waw | Preposition | second person masculine singular your master אֲדֹנִ֔י H113 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular and not הֲלֹ֣א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle to עַל־ H5921 Preposition the men הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים H582 Article | Noun - masculine plural sitting הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ H3427 Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural on עַל־ H5921 Preposition the wall הַ֣חוֹמָ֔ה H2346 Article | Noun - feminine singular who are destined with you עִמָּכֶֽם׃ H5973 Preposition | second person masculine plural to eat לֶאֱכֹ֣ל H398 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker their own dung חַרְאֵיהֶם H2716 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine plural and drink וְלִשְׁתּ֛וֹת H8354 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker their own urine שֵׁינֵיהֶם H7890 Noun - cdc | third person masculine plural
Verse 13

Original words

vvv רַב־ H7262 Noun - masculine singular Then the Rabshakeh שָׁקֵ֔ה H7262 Noun - masculine singular stood וַֽיַּעֲמֹד֙ H5975 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular and called out וַיִּקְרָ֥א H7121 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular loudly בְקוֹל־ H6963 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular . . . גָּד֖וֹל H1419 Adjective - masculine singular in Hebrew יְהוּדִ֑ית H3066 Noun - proper - feminine singular . . . וַיֹּ֕אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Hear שִׁמְע֗וּ H8085 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker the words דִּבְרֵ֛י H1697 Noun - masculine plural construct of the great הַגָּד֖וֹל H1419 Article | Adjective - masculine singular king הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ H4428 Article | Noun - masculine singular the king מֶ֥לֶךְ H4428 Noun - masculine singular construct of Assyria אַשּֽׁוּר׃ H804 Noun - proper - feminine singular
Verse 14

Original words

This is what כֹּ֚ה H3541 Adverb the king הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ H4428 Article | Noun - masculine singular says אָמַ֣ר H559 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular Do not אַל־ H408 Adverb let Hezekiah חִזְקִיָּ֑הוּ H2396 Noun - proper - masculine singular deceive יַשִּׁ֥א H5377 Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular you לָכֶ֖ם Preposition | second person masculine plural for כִּ֥י H3588 Conjunction he cannot לֹֽא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle . . . יוּכַ֖ל H3201 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular deliver לְהַצִּ֥יל H5337 Preposition-l | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive construct you אֶתְכֶֽם׃ H853 Direct object marker | second person masculine plural
Verse 15

Original words

Do not וְאַל־ H408 Conjunctive waw | Adverb let Hezekiah חִזְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ H2396 Noun - proper - masculine singular . . . אֶל־ H413 Preposition persuade you to trust יַבְטַ֨ח H982 Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular - אֶתְכֶ֤ם H853 Direct object marker | second person masculine plural in the LORD יְהוָ֣ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular when he says לֵאמֹ֔ר H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct The LORD יְהוָ֑ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular will surely deliver us הַצֵּ֥ל H5337 Verb - Hifil - Infinitive absolute . . . יַצִּילֵ֖נוּ H5337 Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | first person common plural this הַזֹּ֔את H2063 Article | Pronoun - feminine singular city הָעִ֣יר H5892 Article | Noun - feminine singular will not לֹ֤א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle be given תִנָּתֵן֙ H5414 Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person feminine singular into the hand בְּיַ֖ד H3027 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct of the king מֶ֥לֶךְ H4428 Noun - masculine singular construct of Assyria אַשּֽׁוּר׃ H804 Noun - proper - feminine singular
Verse 16

Original words

Do not אַֽל־ H408 Adverb listen תִּשְׁמְע֖וּ H8085 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural to אֶל־ H413 Preposition Hezekiah חִזְקִיָּ֑הוּס H2396 Noun - proper - masculine singular for כִּי֩ H3588 Conjunction this is what כֹ֨ה H3541 Adverb the king הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ H4428 Article | Noun - masculine singular construct of Assyria אַשּׁ֗וּר H804 Noun - proper - feminine singular says אָמַ֜ר H559 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular Make עֲשֽׂוּ־ H6213 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural peace בְרָכָה֙ H1293 Noun - feminine singular with me אִתִּ֤י H854 Preposition | first person common singular and come out וּצְא֣וּ H3318 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural to me אֵלַ֔י H413 Preposition | first person common singular Then every one of you אִישׁ־ H376 Noun - masculine singular will eat וְאִכְל֤וּ H398 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural from his own vine גַּפְנוֹ֙ H1612 Noun - common singular construct | third person masculine singular and וְאִ֣ישׁ H376 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular his own fig tree תְּאֵנָת֔וֹ H8384 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular and drink וּשְׁת֖וּ H8354 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural . . . אִ֥ישׁ H376 Noun - masculine singular water מֵי־ H4325 Noun - masculine plural construct from his own cistern בוֹרֽוֹ׃ H953 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Or Make a blessing with me
Verse 17

Original words

until עַד־ H5704 Preposition I come בֹּאִ֕י H935 Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | first person common singular and take you away וְלָקַחְתִּ֥י H3947 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular - אֶתְכֶ֖ם H853 Direct object marker | second person masculine plural to אֶל־ H413 Preposition a land אֶ֣רֶץ H776 Noun - feminine singular like your own כְּאַרְצְכֶ֑ם H776 Preposition-k | Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine plural a land אֶ֤רֶץ H776 Noun - feminine singular construct of grain דָּגָן֙ H1715 Noun - masculine singular and new wine וְתִיר֔וֹשׁ H8492 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular a land אֶ֥רֶץ H776 Noun - feminine singular construct of bread לֶ֖חֶם H3899 Noun - masculine singular and vineyards וּכְרָמִֽים׃ H3754 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural
Verse 18

Original words

Do not let פֶּן־ H6435 Conjunction Hezekiah חִזְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ H2396 Noun - proper - masculine singular mislead יַסִּ֨ית H5496 Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular - אֶתְכֶ֤ם H853 Direct object marker | second person masculine plural you when he says לֵאמֹ֔ר H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct The LORD יְהוָ֖ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular will deliver us יַצִּילֵ֑נוּ H5337 Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | first person common plural Has the god אֱלֹהֵ֤י H430 Noun - masculine plural construct of any אִ֣ישׁ H376 Noun - masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker nation הַגּוֹיִם֙ H1471 Article | Noun - masculine plural ever delivered הַהִצִּ֜ילוּ H5337 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common plural his land אַרְצ֔וֹ H776 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular from the hand מִיַּ֖ד H3027 Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct of the king מֶ֥לֶךְ H4428 Noun - masculine singular construct of Assyria אַשּֽׁוּר׃ H804 Noun - proper - feminine singular
Verse 19

Original words

Where אַיֵּ֞ה H346 Interrogative are the gods אֱלֹהֵ֤י H430 Noun - masculine plural construct of Hamath חֲמָת֙ H2574 Noun - proper - feminine singular and Arpad וְאַרְפָּ֔ד H774 Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - feminine singular Where אַיֵּ֖ה H346 Interrogative are the gods אֱלֹהֵ֣י H430 Noun - masculine plural construct of Sepharvaim סְפַרְוָ֑יִם H5617 Noun - proper - feminine singular . . . וְכִֽי־ H3588 Conjunction Have they delivered הִצִּ֥ילוּ H5337 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker Samaria שֹׁמְר֖וֹן H8111 Noun - proper - feminine singular from my hand מִיָּדִֽי׃ H3027 Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular
Verse 20

Original words

Who מִ֗י H4310 Interrogative among all בְּכָל־ H3605 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct the gods אֱלֹהֵ֤י H430 Noun - masculine plural construct of these הָאֵ֔לֶּה H428 Article | Pronoun - common plural - אֲשֶׁר־ H834 Pronoun - relative lands הָֽאֲרָצוֹת֙ H776 Article | Noun - feminine plural has delivered הִצִּ֥ילוּ H5337 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker his land אַרְצָ֖ם H776 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine plural from my hand מִיָּדִ֑י H3027 Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular How then כִּֽי־ H3588 Conjunction can the LORD יְהוָ֛ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker deliver יַצִּ֧יל H5337 Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular Jerusalem יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם H3389 Noun - proper - feminine singular from my hand מִיָּדִֽי׃ H3027 Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular
Verse 21

Original words

But [the people] remained silent וַֽיַּחֲרִ֔ישׁוּ H2790 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural and did not וְלֹֽא־ H3808 Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle answer a word עָנ֥וּ H6030 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural - אֹת֖וֹ H853 Direct object marker | third person masculine singular - דָּבָ֑ר H1697 Noun - masculine singular for כִּֽי־ H3588 Conjunction [Hezekiah] הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ H4428 Article | Noun - masculine singular . . . הִ֛יא H1931 Pronoun - third person feminine singular had commanded מִצְוַ֨ת H4687 Noun - feminine singular construct לֵאמֹ֖ר לֵאמֹ֖ר H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct Do not לֹ֥א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle answer him תַעֲנֻֽהוּ׃ H6030 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural | third person masculine singular
Verse 22

Original words

Then Hilkiah’s חִלְקִיָּ֣הוּ H2518 Noun - proper - masculine singular son בֶּן־ H1121 Noun - masculine singular construct Eliakim אֶלְיָקִ֣ים H471 Noun - proper - masculine singular - אֲשֶׁר־ H834 Pronoun - relative the palace הַ֠בַּיִת H1004 Article | Noun - masculine singular administrator עַל־ H5921 Preposition Shebna וְשֶׁבְנָ֨א H7644 Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular the scribe הַסּוֹפֵ֜ר H5608 Article | Noun - masculine singular and Asaph’s אָסָ֧ף H623 Noun - proper - masculine singular son בֶּן־ H1121 Noun - masculine singular construct Joah וְיוֹאָ֨ח H3098 Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular the recorder הַמַּזְכִּ֛יר H2142 Article | Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singular came וַיָּבֹ֣א H935 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition Hezekiah חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ H2396 Noun - proper - masculine singular with their clothes בְגָדִ֑ים H899 Noun - masculine plural torn קְרוּעֵ֣י H7167 Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - masculine plural construct and they relayed וַיַּגִּ֣ידוּ H5046 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural to him ל֔וֹ Preposition | third person masculine singular - אֵ֖ת H853 Direct object marker the words דִּבְרֵ֥י H1697 Noun - masculine plural construct vvv רַב־ H7262 Noun - masculine singular of [the] Rabshakeh שָׁקֵֽה׃ס H7262 Noun - masculine singular

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