Focused Passage

Deuteronomy 20:1-9

Holy War, Covenant Trust, and the Limits of Violence

Fear displaced by divine presence (vv. 1–4) → community exemptions that purify covenant confidence (vv. 5–9) → regulated war protocol for distant nations (vv. 10–15) → total devotion war against Canaanite peoples (vv. 16–18) → ecological restraint in siege (vv. 19–20)

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1When you go out to war against your enemies and see horses, chariots, and an army larger than yours, do not be afraid of them; for the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, is with you.

2When you are about to go into battle, the priest is to come forward and address the army,

3saying to them, “Hear, O Israel, today you are going into battle with your enemies. Do not be fainthearted or afraid; do not be alarmed or terrified because of them.

4For the LORD your God goes with you to fight for you against your enemies, to give you the victory.”

5Furthermore, the officers are to address the army, saying, “Has any man built a new house and not dedicated it? Let him return home, or he may die in battle and another man dedicate it.

6Has any man planted a vineyard and not begun to enjoy its fruit? Let him return home, or he may die in battle and another man enjoy its fruit.

7Has any man become pledged to a woman and not married her? Let him return home, or he may die in battle and another man marry her.”

8Then the officers shall speak further to the army, saying, “Is any man afraid or fainthearted? Let him return home, so that the hearts of his brothers will not melt like his own.”

9When the officers have finished addressing the army, they are to appoint commanders to lead it.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Whenכִּֽי־H3588Conjunctionyou go outתֵצֵ֨אH3318Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singularto warלַמִּלְחָמָ֜הH4421Preposition-l, Article | Noun - feminine singularagainstעַל־H5921Prepositionyour enemiesאֹיְבֶ֗יךָH341Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularand seeוְֽרָאִ֜יתָH7200Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singularhorsesס֤וּסH5483Noun - masculine singularchariotsוָרֶ֙כֶב֙H7393Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singularand an armyעַ֚םH5971Noun - masculine singularlargerרַ֣בH7227Adjective - masculine singularthan yoursמִמְּךָ֔H4480Preposition | second person masculine singulardo notלֹ֥אH3808Adverb - Negative particlebe afraidתִירָ֖אH3372Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singularof themמֵהֶ֑םPreposition-m | Pronoun - third person masculine pluralforכִּֽי־H3588Conjunctionthe LORDיְהוָ֤הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularyour Godאֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙H430Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularwho brought youהַמַּֽעַלְךָ֖H5927Article | Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularout of the landמֵאֶ֥רֶץH776Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular constructof Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃H4714Noun - proper - feminine singularis with youעִמָּ֔ךְH5973Preposition | second person masculine singular
Verse 2

Original words

When you are about toוְהָיָ֕הH1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singulargoכְּקָֽרָבְכֶ֖םH7126Preposition-k | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | second person masculine pluralintoאֶל־H413Prepositionbattleהַמִּלְחָמָ֑הH4421Article | Noun - feminine singularthe priestהַכֹּהֵ֖ןH3548Article | Noun - masculine singularis to come forwardוְנִגַּ֥שׁH5066Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularand addressוְדִבֶּ֥רH1696Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular. . .אֶל־H413Prepositionthe armyהָעָֽם׃H5971Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 3

Original words

sayingוְאָמַ֤רH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularto themאֲלֵהֶם֙H413Preposition | third person masculine pluralHearשְׁמַ֣עH8085Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singularO Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singulartodayהַיּ֛וֹםH3117Article | Noun - masculine singularyouאַתֶּ֨םH859Pronoun - second person masculine pluralare goingקְרֵבִ֥יםH7131Adjective - masculine pluralinto battleלַמִּלְחָמָ֖הH4421Preposition-l, Article | Noun - feminine singularwithעַל־H5921Prepositionyour enemiesאֹיְבֵיכֶ֑םH341Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct | second person masculine pluralDo notאַל־H408Adverbbe faintheartedיֵרַ֣ךְH7401Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .לְבַבְכֶ֗םH3824Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine plural[or]אַל־H408Adverbafraidתִּֽירְא֧וּH3372Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine pluraldo notוְאַֽל־H408Conjunctive waw | Adverbbe alarmedתַּחְפְּז֛וּH2648Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural. . .וְאַל־H408Conjunctive waw | Adverbor terrifiedתַּֽעַרְצ֖וּH6206Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine pluralbecause of themמִפְּנֵיהֶֽם׃H6440Preposition-m | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural
Verse 4

Original words

Forכִּ֚יH3588Conjunctionthe LORDיְהוָ֣הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularyour Godאֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔םH430Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine pluralgoesהַהֹלֵ֖ךְH1980Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularwith youעִמָּכֶ֑םH5973Preposition | second person masculine pluralto fightלְהִלָּחֵ֥םH3898Preposition-l | Verb - Nifal - Infinitive constructfor youלָכֶ֛םPreposition | second person masculine pluralagainstעִם־H5973Prepositionyour enemiesאֹיְבֵיכֶ֖םH341Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct | second person masculine pluralto give you the victoryלְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַH3467Preposition-l | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive construct-אֶתְכֶֽם׃H853Direct object marker | second person masculine plural
Verse 5

Original words

Furthermore, the officersהַשֹּֽׁטְרִים֮H7860Article | Noun - masculine plural. . .אֶל־H413Prepositionare to addressוְדִבְּר֣וּH1696Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluralthe armyהָעָ֣םH5971Article | Noun - masculine singularsayingלֵאמֹר֒H559Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructHas anyמִֽי־H4310Interrogativemanהָאִ֞ישׁH376Article | Noun - masculine singular-אֲשֶׁ֨רH834Pronoun - relativebuiltבָּנָ֤הH1129Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singulara newחָדָשׁ֙H2319Adjective - masculine singularhouseבַֽיִת־H1004Noun - masculine singularand notוְלֹ֣אH3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particlededicated itחֲנָכ֔וֹH2596Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singularLet him returnיֵלֵ֖ךְH1980Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .וְיָשֹׁ֣בH7725Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Jussive - third person masculine singularhomeלְבֵית֑וֹH1004Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularorפֶּן־H6435Conjunctionhe may dieיָמוּת֙H4191Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularin battleבַּמִּלְחָמָ֔הH4421Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singularand anotherאַחֵ֖רH312Adjective - masculine singularmanוְאִ֥ישׁH376Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singulardedicate itיַחְנְכֶֽנּוּ׃H2596Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular
Verse 6

Original words

Has anyוּמִֽי־H4310Conjunctive waw | Interrogativemanהָאִ֞ישׁH376Article | Noun - masculine singular-אֲשֶׁר־H834Pronoun - relativeplantedנָטַ֥עH5193Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singulara vineyardכֶּ֙רֶם֙H3754Noun - masculine singularand notוְלֹ֣אH3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particlebegun to enjoy its fruitחִלְּל֔וֹH2490Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singularLet him returnיֵלֵ֖ךְH1980Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .וְיָשֹׁ֣בH7725Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Jussive - third person masculine singularhomeלְבֵית֑וֹH1004Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularorפֶּן־H6435Conjunctionhe may dieיָמוּת֙H4191Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularin battleבַּמִּלְחָמָ֔הH4421Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singularand anotherאַחֵ֖רH312Adjective - masculine singularmanוְאִ֥ישׁH376Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singularenjoy its fruitיְחַלְּלֶֽנּוּ׃H2490Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular
Verse 7

Original words

Has anyוּמִֽי־H4310Conjunctive waw | Interrogativemanהָאִ֞ישׁH376Article | Noun - masculine singular-אֲשֶׁר־H834Pronoun - relativebecome pledgedאֵרַ֤שׂH781Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singularto a womanאִשָּׁה֙H802Noun - feminine singularand notוְלֹ֣אH3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particlemarried herלְקָחָ֔הּH3947Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular | third person feminine singularLet him returnיֵלֵ֖ךְH1980Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .וְיָשֹׁ֣בH7725Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Jussive - third person masculine singularhomeלְבֵית֑וֹH1004Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularorפֶּן־H6435Conjunctionhe may dieיָמוּת֙H4191Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularin battleבַּמִּלְחָמָ֔הH4421Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singularand anotherאַחֵ֖רH312Adjective - masculine singularmanוְאִ֥ישׁH376Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singularmarry herיִקָּחֶֽנָּה׃H3947Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person feminine singular
Verse 8

Original words

Then the officersהַשֹּׁטְרִים֮H7860Article | Noun - masculine pluralshall speakלְדַבֵּ֣רH1696Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive constructfurtherוְיָסְפ֣וּH3254Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluraltoאֶל־H413Prepositionthe armyהָעָם֒H5971Article | Noun - masculine singularsayingוְאָמְר֗וּH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluralIs anyמִי־H4310Interrogativemanהָאִ֤ישׁH376Article | Noun - masculine singularafraidהַיָּרֵא֙H3373Article | Adjective - masculine singularor faintheartedוְרַ֣ךְH7390Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine singular construct. . .הַלֵּבָ֔בH3824Article | Noun - masculine singularLet him returnיֵלֵ֖ךְH1980Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .וְיָשֹׁ֣בH7725Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Jussive - third person masculine singularhomeלְבֵית֑וֹH1004Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularso that the heartsלְבַ֥בH3824Noun - masculine singular constructof his brothersאֶחָ֖יוH251Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singularwill notוְלֹ֥אH3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particlemeltיִמַּ֛סH4549Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularlike his ownכִּלְבָבֽוֹ׃H3824Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object marker
Verse 9

Original words

-וְהָיָ֛הH1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularWhen the officersהַשֹּׁטְרִ֖יםH7860Article | Noun - masculine pluralhave finishedכְּכַלֹּ֥תH3615Preposition-k | Verb - Piel - Infinitive constructaddressingלְדַבֵּ֣רH1696Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct. . .אֶל־H413Prepositionthe armyהָעָ֑םH5971Article | Noun - masculine singularthey are to appointוּפָֽקְד֛וּH6485Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluralvvvצְבָא֖וֹתH6635Noun - common pluralcommandersשָׂרֵ֥יH8269Noun - masculine plural constructto lead itבְּרֹ֥אשׁH7218Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct. . .הָעָֽם׃סH5971Article | Noun - masculine singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.