Focused Passage

Deuteronomy 20:1-9

Holy War, Covenant Trust, and the Limits of Violence

Fear displaced by divine presence (vv. 1–4) → community exemptions that purify covenant confidence (vv. 5–9) → regulated war protocol for distant nations (vv. 10–15) → total devotion war against Canaanite peoples (vv. 16–18) → ecological restraint in siege (vv. 19–20)

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1 When you go out to war against your enemies and see horses, chariots, and an army larger than yours, do not be afraid of them; for the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, is with you.

2 When you are about to go into battle, the priest is to come forward and address the army,

3 saying to them, “Hear, O Israel, today you are going into battle with your enemies. Do not be fainthearted or afraid; do not be alarmed or terrified because of them.

4 For the LORD your God goes with you to fight for you against your enemies, to give you the victory.”

5 Furthermore, the officers are to address the army, saying, “Has any man built a new house and not dedicated it? Let him return home, or he may die in battle and another man dedicate it.

6 Has any man planted a vineyard and not begun to enjoy its fruit? Let him return home, or he may die in battle and another man enjoy its fruit.

7 Has any man become pledged to a woman and not married her? Let him return home, or he may die in battle and another man marry her.”

8 Then the officers shall speak further to the army, saying, “Is any man afraid or fainthearted? Let him return home, so that the hearts of his brothers will not melt like his own.”

9 When the officers have finished addressing the army, they are to appoint commanders to lead it.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

When כִּֽי־ H3588 Conjunction you go out תֵצֵ֨א H3318 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular to war לַמִּלְחָמָ֜ה H4421 Preposition-l, Article | Noun - feminine singular against עַל־ H5921 Preposition your enemies אֹיְבֶ֗יךָ H341 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular and see וְֽרָאִ֜יתָ H7200 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular horses ס֤וּס H5483 Noun - masculine singular chariots וָרֶ֙כֶב֙ H7393 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular and an army עַ֚ם H5971 Noun - masculine singular larger רַ֣ב H7227 Adjective - masculine singular than yours מִמְּךָ֔ H4480 Preposition | second person masculine singular do not לֹ֥א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle be afraid תִירָ֖א H3372 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular of them מֵהֶ֑ם Preposition-m | Pronoun - third person masculine plural for כִּֽי־ H3588 Conjunction the LORD יְהוָ֤ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular your God אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ H430 Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular who brought you הַמַּֽעַלְךָ֖ H5927 Article | Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular out of the land מֵאֶ֥רֶץ H776 Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct of Egypt מִצְרָֽיִם׃ H4714 Noun - proper - feminine singular is with you עִמָּ֔ךְ H5973 Preposition | second person masculine singular
Verse 2

Original words

When you are about to וְהָיָ֕ה H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular go כְּקָֽרָבְכֶ֖ם H7126 Preposition-k | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | second person masculine plural into אֶל־ H413 Preposition battle הַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה H4421 Article | Noun - feminine singular the priest הַכֹּהֵ֖ן H3548 Article | Noun - masculine singular is to come forward וְנִגַּ֥שׁ H5066 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular and address וְדִבֶּ֥ר H1696 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular . . . אֶל־ H413 Preposition the army הָעָֽם׃ H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 3

Original words

saying וְאָמַ֤ר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular to them אֲלֵהֶם֙ H413 Preposition | third person masculine plural Hear שְׁמַ֣ע H8085 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular O Israel יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular today הַיּ֛וֹם H3117 Article | Noun - masculine singular you אַתֶּ֨ם H859 Pronoun - second person masculine plural are going קְרֵבִ֥ים H7131 Adjective - masculine plural into battle לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה H4421 Preposition-l, Article | Noun - feminine singular with עַל־ H5921 Preposition your enemies אֹיְבֵיכֶ֑ם H341 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct | second person masculine plural Do not אַל־ H408 Adverb be fainthearted יֵרַ֣ךְ H7401 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . לְבַבְכֶ֗ם H3824 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine plural [or] אַל־ H408 Adverb afraid תִּֽירְא֧וּ H3372 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural do not וְאַֽל־ H408 Conjunctive waw | Adverb be alarmed תַּחְפְּז֛וּ H2648 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural . . . וְאַל־ H408 Conjunctive waw | Adverb or terrified תַּֽעַרְצ֖וּ H6206 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural because of them מִפְּנֵיהֶֽם׃ H6440 Preposition-m | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural
Verse 4

Original words

For כִּ֚י H3588 Conjunction the LORD יְהוָ֣ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular your God אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם H430 Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine plural goes הַהֹלֵ֖ךְ H1980 Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular with you עִמָּכֶ֑ם H5973 Preposition | second person masculine plural to fight לְהִלָּחֵ֥ם H3898 Preposition-l | Verb - Nifal - Infinitive construct for you לָכֶ֛ם Preposition | second person masculine plural against עִם־ H5973 Preposition your enemies אֹיְבֵיכֶ֖ם H341 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct | second person masculine plural to give you the victory לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ H3467 Preposition-l | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive construct - אֶתְכֶֽם׃ H853 Direct object marker | second person masculine plural
Verse 5

Original words

Furthermore, the officers הַשֹּֽׁטְרִים֮ H7860 Article | Noun - masculine plural . . . אֶל־ H413 Preposition are to address וְדִבְּר֣וּ H1696 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural the army הָעָ֣ם H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular saying לֵאמֹר֒ H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct Has any מִֽי־ H4310 Interrogative man הָאִ֞ישׁ H376 Article | Noun - masculine singular - אֲשֶׁ֨ר H834 Pronoun - relative built בָּנָ֤ה H1129 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular a new חָדָשׁ֙ H2319 Adjective - masculine singular house בַֽיִת־ H1004 Noun - masculine singular and not וְלֹ֣א H3808 Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle dedicated it חֲנָכ֔וֹ H2596 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular Let him return יֵלֵ֖ךְ H1980 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . וְיָשֹׁ֣ב H7725 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Jussive - third person masculine singular home לְבֵית֑וֹ H1004 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular or פֶּן־ H6435 Conjunction he may die יָמוּת֙ H4191 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular in battle בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה H4421 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singular and another אַחֵ֖ר H312 Adjective - masculine singular man וְאִ֥ישׁ H376 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular dedicate it יַחְנְכֶֽנּוּ׃ H2596 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular
Verse 6

Original words

Has any וּמִֽי־ H4310 Conjunctive waw | Interrogative man הָאִ֞ישׁ H376 Article | Noun - masculine singular - אֲשֶׁר־ H834 Pronoun - relative planted נָטַ֥ע H5193 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular a vineyard כֶּ֙רֶם֙ H3754 Noun - masculine singular and not וְלֹ֣א H3808 Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle begun to enjoy its fruit חִלְּל֔וֹ H2490 Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular Let him return יֵלֵ֖ךְ H1980 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . וְיָשֹׁ֣ב H7725 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Jussive - third person masculine singular home לְבֵית֑וֹ H1004 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular or פֶּן־ H6435 Conjunction he may die יָמוּת֙ H4191 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular in battle בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה H4421 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singular and another אַחֵ֖ר H312 Adjective - masculine singular man וְאִ֥ישׁ H376 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular enjoy its fruit יְחַלְּלֶֽנּוּ׃ H2490 Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular
Verse 7

Original words

Has any וּמִֽי־ H4310 Conjunctive waw | Interrogative man הָאִ֞ישׁ H376 Article | Noun - masculine singular - אֲשֶׁר־ H834 Pronoun - relative become pledged אֵרַ֤שׂ H781 Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular to a woman אִשָּׁה֙ H802 Noun - feminine singular and not וְלֹ֣א H3808 Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle married her לְקָחָ֔הּ H3947 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular | third person feminine singular Let him return יֵלֵ֖ךְ H1980 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . וְיָשֹׁ֣ב H7725 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Jussive - third person masculine singular home לְבֵית֑וֹ H1004 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular or פֶּן־ H6435 Conjunction he may die יָמוּת֙ H4191 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular in battle בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה H4421 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singular and another אַחֵ֖ר H312 Adjective - masculine singular man וְאִ֥ישׁ H376 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular marry her יִקָּחֶֽנָּה׃ H3947 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person feminine singular
Verse 8

Original words

Then the officers הַשֹּׁטְרִים֮ H7860 Article | Noun - masculine plural shall speak לְדַבֵּ֣ר H1696 Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct further וְיָסְפ֣וּ H3254 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural to אֶל־ H413 Preposition the army הָעָם֒ H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular saying וְאָמְר֗וּ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural Is any מִי־ H4310 Interrogative man הָאִ֤ישׁ H376 Article | Noun - masculine singular afraid הַיָּרֵא֙ H3373 Article | Adjective - masculine singular or fainthearted וְרַ֣ךְ H7390 Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine singular construct . . . הַלֵּבָ֔ב H3824 Article | Noun - masculine singular Let him return יֵלֵ֖ךְ H1980 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . וְיָשֹׁ֣ב H7725 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Jussive - third person masculine singular home לְבֵית֑וֹ H1004 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular so that the hearts לְבַ֥ב H3824 Noun - masculine singular construct of his brothers אֶחָ֖יו H251 Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular will not וְלֹ֥א H3808 Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle melt יִמַּ֛ס H4549 Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular like his own כִּלְבָבֽוֹ׃ H3824 Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker
Verse 9

Original words

- וְהָיָ֛ה H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular When the officers הַשֹּׁטְרִ֖ים H7860 Article | Noun - masculine plural have finished כְּכַלֹּ֥ת H3615 Preposition-k | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct addressing לְדַבֵּ֣ר H1696 Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct . . . אֶל־ H413 Preposition the army הָעָ֑ם H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular they are to appoint וּפָֽקְד֛וּ H6485 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural vvv צְבָא֖וֹת H6635 Noun - common plural commanders שָׂרֵ֥י H8269 Noun - masculine plural construct to lead it בְּרֹ֥אשׁ H7218 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct . . . הָעָֽם׃ס H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.