Focused Passage

Jonah 3:1-10

Nineveh Hears the Warning and God Shows Mercy

From renewed commission, to prophetic obedience, to judgment proclamation, to citywide repentance, to royal humility, to divine mercy that relents from disaster.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1 Then the word of the LORD came to Jonah a second time:

2 “Get up! Go to the great city of Nineveh and proclaim to it the message that I give you.”

3 This time Jonah got up and went to Nineveh, in accordance with the word of the LORD. Now Nineveh was an exceedingly great city, requiring a three-day journey.

4 On the first day of his journey, Jonah set out into the city and proclaimed, “Forty more days and Nineveh will be overturned!”

5 And the Ninevites believed God. They proclaimed a fast and dressed in sackcloth, from the greatest of them to the least.

6 When word reached the king of Nineveh, he got up from his throne, took off his royal robe, covered himself with sackcloth, and sat in ashes.

7 Then he issued a proclamation in Nineveh: “By the decree of the king and his nobles: Let no man or beast, herd or flock, taste anything at all. They must not eat or drink.

8 Furthermore, let both man and beast be covered with sackcloth, and have everyone call out earnestly to God. Let each one turn from his evil ways and from the violence in his hands.

9 Who knows? God may turn and relent; He may turn from His fierce anger, so that we will not perish.”

10 When God saw their actions—that they had turned from their evil ways—He relented from the disaster He had threatened to bring upon them.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Then the word דְבַר־ H1697 Noun - masculine singular construct of the LORD יְהוָ֛ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular came וַיְהִ֧י H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition Jonah יוֹנָ֖ה H3124 Noun - proper - masculine singular a second time שֵׁנִ֥ית H8145 Number - ordinal feminine singular . . . לֵאמֹֽר׃ H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Verse 2

Original words

Get up ק֛וּם H6965 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular Go לֵ֥ךְ H1980 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition the great הַגְּדוֹלָ֑ה H1419 Article | Adjective - feminine singular city הָעִ֣יר H5892 Article | Noun - feminine singular of Nineveh נִֽינְוֵ֖ה H5210 Noun - proper - feminine singular and proclaim וִּקְרָ֤א H7121 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular to it אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ H413 Preposition | third person feminine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker the message הַקְּרִיאָ֔ה H7150 Article | Noun - feminine singular that אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834 Pronoun - relative I אָנֹכִ֖י H595 Pronoun - first person common singular give דֹּבֵ֥ר H1696 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular you אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ H413 Preposition | second person masculine singular
Verse 3

Original words

This time Jonah יוֹנָ֗ה H3124 Noun - proper - masculine singular got up וַיָּ֣קָם H6965 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular and went וַיֵּ֛לֶךְ H1980 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition Nineveh נִֽינְוֶ֖ה H5210 Noun - proper - feminine singular in accordance with the word כִּדְבַ֣ר H1697 Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular construct of the LORD יְהוָ֑ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular Now Nineveh וְנִֽינְוֵ֗ה H5210 Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - feminine singular was הָיְתָ֤ה H1961 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular an exceedingly לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים H430 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural great גְּדוֹלָה֙ H1419 Adjective - feminine singular city עִיר־ H5892 Noun - feminine singular construct [requiring] a three-day שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת H7969 Number - masculine singular construct . . . יָמִֽים׃ H3117 Noun - masculine plural journey מַהֲלַ֖ךְ H4109 Noun - masculine singular construct

BSB notes

  • Or was a great city to God
  • Literally great city, a three-day journey
Verse 4

Original words

On the first אֶחָ֑ד H259 Number - masculine singular day י֣וֹם H3117 Noun - masculine singular of his journey מַהֲלַ֖ךְ H4109 Noun - masculine singular construct Jonah יוֹנָה֙ H3124 Noun - proper - masculine singular . . . לָב֣וֹא H935 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct set out וַיָּ֤חֶל H2490 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular into the city בָעִ֔יר H5892 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singular and proclaimed וַיִּקְרָא֙ H7121 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . וַיֹּאמַ֔ר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Forty אַרְבָּעִ֣ים H705 Number - common plural more ע֚וֹד H5750 Adverb days י֔וֹם H3117 Noun - masculine singular and Nineveh וְנִֽינְוֵ֖ה H5210 Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - feminine singular will be overturned נֶהְפָּֽכֶת׃ H2015 Verb - Nifal - Participle - feminine singular
Verse 5

Original words

vvv אַנְשֵׁ֥י H582 Noun - masculine plural construct And the Ninevites נִֽינְוֵ֖ה H5210 Noun - proper - feminine singular believed וַֽיַּאֲמִ֛ינוּ H539 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural God בֵּֽאלֹהִ֑ים H430 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural They proclaimed וַיִּקְרְאוּ־ H7121 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural a fast צוֹם֙ H6685 Noun - masculine singular and dressed וַיִּלְבְּשׁ֣וּ H3847 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural in sackcloth שַׂקִּ֔ים H8242 Noun - masculine plural from the greatest מִגְּדוֹלָ֖ם H1419 Preposition-m | Adjective - masculine singular construct | third person masculine plural of them to וְעַד־ H5704 Conjunctive waw | Preposition the least קְטַנָּֽם׃ H6996 Adjective - masculine singular construct | third person masculine plural
Verse 6

Original words

When word הַדָּבָר֙ H1697 Article | Noun - masculine singular . . . אֶל־ H413 Preposition reached וַיִּגַּ֤ע H5060 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular the king מֶ֣לֶך H4428 Noun - masculine singular construct of Nineveh נִֽינְוֵ֔ה H5210 Noun - proper - feminine singular he got up וַיָּ֙קָם֙ H6965 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular from his throne מִכִּסְא֔וֹ H3678 Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular took off וַיַּעֲבֵ֥ר H5674 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular his royal robe אַדַּרְתּ֖וֹ H155 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular covered [himself] וַיְכַ֣ס H3680 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular with sackcloth שַׂ֔ק H8242 Noun - masculine singular and sat וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב H3427 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . עַל־ H5921 Preposition in מֵֽעָלָ֑יו H5921 Preposition-m | third person masculine singular ashes הָאֵֽפֶר׃ H665 Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 7

Original words

Then he issued a proclamation וַיַּזְעֵ֗ק H2199 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular in Nineveh בְּנִֽינְוֵ֔ה H5210 Preposition-b | Noun - proper - feminine singular By the decree מִטַּ֧עַם H2940 Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct of the king הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ H4428 Article | Noun - masculine singular and his nobles וּגְדֹלָ֖יו H1419 Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular . . . לֵאמֹ֑ר H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct Let no אַֽל־ H408 Adverb man הָאָדָ֨ם H120 Article | Noun - masculine singular or beast וְהַבְּהֵמָ֜ה H929 Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - feminine singular herd הַבָּקָ֣ר H1241 Article | Noun - masculine singular or flock וְהַצֹּ֗אן H6629 Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - common singular taste יִטְעֲמוּ֙ H2938 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural anything at all מְא֔וּמָה H3972 Noun - masculine singular They must not אַ֨ל־ H408 Adverb eat יִרְע֔וּ H7462 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural or drink יִשְׁתּֽוּ׃ H8354 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural . . . וּמַ֖יִם H4325 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural . . . אַל־ H408 Adverb
Verse 8

Original words

Furthermore, let both man הָֽאָדָם֙ H120 Article | Noun - masculine singular and beast וְהַבְּהֵמָ֔ה H929 Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - feminine singular be covered וְיִתְכַּסּ֣וּ H3680 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hitpael - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine plural with sackcloth שַׂקִּ֗ים H8242 Noun - masculine plural and have everyone call out וְיִקְרְא֥וּ H7121 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine plural earnestly בְּחָזְקָ֑ה H2394 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition God אֱלֹהִ֖ים H430 Noun - masculine plural Let each one אִ֚ישׁ H376 Noun - masculine singular turn וְיָשֻׁ֗בוּ H7725 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine plural from וּמִן־ H4480 Conjunctive waw | Preposition his evil הָֽרָעָ֔ה H7451 Article | Adjective - feminine singular ways מִדַּרְכּ֣וֹ H1870 Preposition-m | Noun - common singular construct | third person masculine singular and from the violence הֶחָמָ֖ס H2555 Article | Noun - masculine singular - אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834 Pronoun - relative in his hands בְּכַפֵּיהֶֽם׃ H3709 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine dual construct | third person masculine plural
Verse 9

Original words

Who מִֽי־ H4310 Interrogative knows יוֹדֵ֣עַ H3045 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular God הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים H430 Article | Noun - masculine plural may turn יָשׁ֔וּב H7725 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular and relent וְנִחַ֖ם H5162 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular He may turn וְשָׁ֛ב H7725 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular from His fierce מֵחֲר֥וֹן H2740 Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct anger אַפּ֖וֹ H639 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular so that we will not וְלֹ֥א H3808 Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle perish נֹאבֵֽד׃ H6 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common plural
Verse 10

Original words

When God הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ H430 Article | Noun - masculine plural - אֶֽת־ H853 Direct object marker saw וַיַּ֤רְא H7200 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular their actions מַ֣עֲשֵׂיהֶ֔ם H4639 Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural that כִּי־ H3588 Conjunction they had turned שָׁ֖בוּ H7725 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural from their evil הָרָעָ֑ה H7451 Article | Adjective - feminine singular ways מִדַּרְכָּ֣ם H1870 Preposition-m | Noun - common singular construct | third person masculine plural [He] הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים H430 Article | Noun - masculine plural relented וַיִּנָּ֣חֶם H5162 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular from עַל־ H5921 Preposition the disaster הָרָעָ֛ה H7451 Article | Adjective - feminine singular - אֲשֶׁר־ H834 Pronoun - relative He had threatened דִּבֶּ֥ר H1696 Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular to bring לַעֲשׂוֹת־ H6213 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct upon them לָהֶ֖ם Preposition-l | Pronoun - third person masculine plural - וְלֹ֥א H3808 Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle - עָשָֽׂה׃ H6213 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.