Focused Passage

Genesis 49:1-12

Jacob Blesses His Sons, Exposes Their Character, and Sets the Future Shape of Israel under Prophetic Covenant Word

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1Then Jacob called for his sons and said, “Gather around so that I can tell you what will happen to you in the days to come:

2Come together and listen, O sons of Jacob; listen to your father Israel.

3Reuben, you are my firstborn, my might, and the beginning of my strength, excelling in honor, excelling in power.

4Uncontrolled as the waters, you will no longer excel, because you went up to your father’s bed, onto my couch, and defiled it.

5Simeon and Levi are brothers; their swords are weapons of violence.

6May I never enter their council; may I never join their assembly. For they kill men in their anger, and hamstring oxen on a whim.

7Cursed be their anger, for it is strong, and their wrath, for it is cruel! I will disperse them in Jacob and scatter them in Israel.

8Judah, your brothers shall praise you. Your hand shall be on the necks of your enemies; your father’s sons shall bow down to you.

9Judah is a young lion—my son, you return from the prey. Like a lion he crouches and lies down; like a lioness, who dares to rouse him?

10The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the staff from between his feet, until Shiloh comes and the allegiance of the nations is his.

11He ties his donkey to the vine, his colt to the choicest branch. He washes his garments in wine, his robes in the blood of grapes.

12His eyes are darker than wine, and his teeth are whiter than milk.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Then Jacobיַעֲקֹ֖בH3290Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .אֶל־H413Prepositioncalled forוַיִּקְרָ֥אH7121Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularhis sonsבָּנָ֑יוH1121Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singularand saidוַיֹּ֗אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularGather aroundהֵאָֽסְפוּ֙H622Verb - Nifal - Imperative - masculine pluralso that I can tellוְאַגִּ֣ידָהH5046Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative - first person common singularyouלָכֶ֔םPreposition | second person masculine pluralאֵ֛תאֵ֛תH853Direct object markerwhatאֲשֶׁר־H834Pronoun - relativewill happenיִקְרָ֥אH7122Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularto youאֶתְכֶ֖םH853Direct object marker | second person masculine pluralin the daysהַיָּמִֽים׃H3117Article | Noun - masculine pluralto comeבְּאַחֲרִ֥יתH319Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct
Verse 2

Original words

Come togetherהִקָּבְצ֥וּH6908Verb - Nifal - Imperative - masculine pluraland listenוְשִׁמְע֖וּH8085Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluralO sonsבְּנֵ֣יH1121Noun - masculine plural constructof Jacobיַעֲקֹ֑בH3290Noun - proper - masculine singularlistenוְשִׁמְע֖וּH8085Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluraltoאֶל־H413Prepositionyour fatherאֲבִיכֶֽם׃H1Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine pluralIsraelיִשְׂרָאֵ֥לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 3

Original words

Reubenרְאוּבֵן֙H7205Noun - proper - masculine singularyouאַ֔תָּהH859Pronoun - second person masculine singularare my firstbornבְּכֹ֣רִיH1060Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularmy mightכֹּחִ֖יH3581Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularand the beginningוְרֵאשִׁ֣יתH7225Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular constructof my strengthאוֹנִ֑יH202Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularexcellingיֶ֥תֶרH3499Noun - masculine singular constructin honorשְׂאֵ֖תH7613Noun - feminine singularexcellingוְיֶ֥תֶרH3499Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular constructin powerעָֽז׃H5794Adjective - masculine singular
Verse 4

Original words

Uncontrolledפַּ֤חַזH6349Noun - masculine singularas the watersכַּמַּ֙יִם֙H4325Preposition-k, Article | Noun - masculine pluralyou will noאַל־H408Adverblonger excelתּוֹתַ֔רH3498Verb - Hifil - Imperfect Jussive - second person masculine singularbecauseכִּ֥יH3588Conjunctionyou went upעָלִ֖יתָH5927Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singularto your father’sאָבִ֑יךָH1Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularbedמִשְׁכְּבֵ֣יH4904Noun - masculine plural constructontoעָלָֽה׃פH5927Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularmy couchיְצוּעִ֥יH3326Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularandאָ֥זH227Adverbdefiled itחִלַּ֖לְתָּH2490Verb - Piel - Perfect - second person masculine singular
Verse 5

Original words

Simeonשִׁמְע֥וֹןH8095Noun - proper - masculine singularand Leviוְלֵוִ֖יH3878Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singularare brothersאַחִ֑יםH251Noun - masculine pluraltheir swordsמְכֵרֹתֵיהֶֽם׃H4380Noun - feminine plural construct | third person masculine pluralare weaponsכְּלֵ֥יH3627Noun - masculine plural constructof violenceחָמָ֖סH2555Noun - masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Or dwelling places
Verse 6

Original words

May Iנַפְשִׁ֔יH5315Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singularneverאַל־H408Adverbenterתָּבֹ֣אH935Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine singulartheir councilבְּסֹדָם֙H5475Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine pluralmay Iכְּבֹדִ֑יH3519Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singularneverאַל־H408Adverbjoinתֵּחַ֣דH3161Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine singulartheir assemblyבִּקְהָלָ֖םH6951Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine pluralForכִּ֤יH3588Conjunctionthey killהָ֣רְגוּH2026Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralmenאִ֔ישׁH376Noun - masculine singularin their angerבְאַפָּם֙H639Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine pluraland hamstringעִקְּרוּ־H6131Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person common pluraloxenשֽׁוֹר׃H7794Noun - masculine singularon a whimוּבִרְצֹנָ֖םH7522Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine plural
Verse 7

Original words

Cursed [be]אָר֤וּרH779Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - masculine singulartheir angerאַפָּם֙H639Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine pluralforכִּ֣יH3588Conjunctionit is strongעָ֔זH5794Adjective - masculine singularand their wrathוְעֶבְרָתָ֖םH5678Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine pluralforכִּ֣יH3588Conjunctionit is cruelקָשָׁ֑תָהH7185Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singularI will disperse themאֲחַלְּקֵ֣םH2505Verb - Piel - Imperfect - first person common singular | third person masculine pluralin Jacobבְּיַעֲקֹ֔בH3290Preposition-b | Noun - proper - masculine singularand scatter themוַאֲפִיצֵ֖םH6327Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive imperfect - first person common singular | third person masculine pluralin Israelבְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃סH3478Preposition-b | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 8

Original words

Judahיְהוּדָ֗הH3063Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .אַתָּה֙H859Pronoun - second person masculine singularyour brothersאַחֶ֔יךָH251Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularshall praise youיוֹד֣וּךָH3034Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine plural | second person masculine singularYour handיָדְךָ֖H3027Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine singularshall be on the necksבְּעֹ֣רֶףH6203Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructof your enemiesאֹיְבֶ֑יךָH341Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularyour father’sאָבִֽיךָ׃H1Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularsonsבְּנֵ֥יH1121Noun - masculine plural constructshall bow downיִשְׁתַּחֲוּ֥וּH7812Verb - Hitpael - Imperfect - third person masculine pluralto youלְךָ֖Preposition | second person masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Judah sounds like the Hebrew for praise.
Verse 9

Original words

Judahיְהוּדָ֔הH3063Noun - proper - masculine singularis a youngגּ֤וּרH1482Noun - masculine singular constructlionאַרְיֵה֙H738Noun - masculine singularmy sonבְּנִ֣יH1121Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularyou returnעָלִ֑יתָH5927Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singularfrom the preyמִטֶּ֖רֶףH2964Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singularLike a lionכְּאַרְיֵ֛הH738Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singularhe crouchesכָּרַ֨עH3766Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular[and] lies downרָבַ֧ץH7257Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularlike a lionessוּכְלָבִ֖יאH3833Conjunctive waw, Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singularwhoמִ֥יH4310Interrogativedares to rouse himיְקִימֶֽנּוּ׃H6965Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular
Verse 10

Original words

The scepterשֵׁ֙בֶט֙H7626Noun - masculine singularwill notלֹֽא־H3808Adverb - Negative particledepartיָס֥וּרH5493Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularfrom Judahמִֽיהוּדָ֔הH3063Preposition-m | Noun - proper - masculine singularnor the staffוּמְחֹקֵ֖קH2710Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine singularfrom betweenמִבֵּ֣יןH996Preposition-mhis feetרַגְלָ֑יוH7272Noun - feminine dual construct | third person masculine singularuntilעַ֚דH5704Preposition. . .כִּֽי־H3588ConjunctionShilohשִׁילֹהH7886Noun - proper - masculine singularcomesיָבֹ֣אH935Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularand the allegianceיִקְּהַ֥תH3349Noun - feminine singular constructof the nationsעַמִּֽים׃H5971Noun - masculine pluralis hisוְל֖וֹConjunctive waw | Preposition | third person masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Or from his descendants
  • Or until the one to whom tribute belongs
Verse 11

Original words

He tiesאֹסְרִ֤יH631Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular constructhis donkeyעִירֹהH5895Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularto the vineלַגֶּ֙פֶן֙H1612Preposition-l, Article | Noun - common singularhis coltבְּנִ֣יH1121Noun - masculine singular construct. . .אֲתֹנ֑וֹH860Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singularto the choicest branchוְלַשֹּׂרֵקָ֖הH8321Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l, Article | Noun - feminine singularHe washesכִּבֵּ֤סH3526Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singularhis garmentsלְבֻשׁ֔וֹH3830Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularin wineבַּיַּ֙יִן֙H3196Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularhis robesסוּתֹה׃H5497Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singularin the bloodוּבְדַם־H1818Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructof grapesעֲנָבִ֖יםH6025Noun - masculine plural
Verse 12

Original words

His eyesעֵינַ֖יִםH5869Noun - cdare darkerחַכְלִילִ֥יH2447Adjective - masculine singular constructthan wineמִיָּ֑יִןH3196Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singularand his teethשִׁנַּ֖יִםH8127Noun - cdare whiterוּלְבֶן־H3836Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine singular constructthan milkמֵחָלָֽב׃פH2461Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.