Focused Passage

Genesis 49:1-12

Jacob Blesses His Sons, Exposes Their Character, and Sets the Future Shape of Israel under Prophetic Covenant Word

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1 Then Jacob called for his sons and said, “Gather around so that I can tell you what will happen to you in the days to come:

2 Come together and listen, O sons of Jacob; listen to your father Israel.

3 Reuben, you are my firstborn, my might, and the beginning of my strength, excelling in honor, excelling in power.

4 Uncontrolled as the waters, you will no longer excel, because you went up to your father’s bed, onto my couch, and defiled it.

5 Simeon and Levi are brothers; their swords are weapons of violence.

6 May I never enter their council; may I never join their assembly. For they kill men in their anger, and hamstring oxen on a whim.

7 Cursed be their anger, for it is strong, and their wrath, for it is cruel! I will disperse them in Jacob and scatter them in Israel.

8 Judah, your brothers shall praise you. Your hand shall be on the necks of your enemies; your father’s sons shall bow down to you.

9 Judah is a young lion—my son, you return from the prey. Like a lion he crouches and lies down; like a lioness, who dares to rouse him?

10 The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the staff from between his feet, until Shiloh comes and the allegiance of the nations is his.

11 He ties his donkey to the vine, his colt to the choicest branch. He washes his garments in wine, his robes in the blood of grapes.

12 His eyes are darker than wine, and his teeth are whiter than milk.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Then Jacob יַעֲקֹ֖ב H3290 Noun - proper - masculine singular . . . אֶל־ H413 Preposition called for וַיִּקְרָ֥א H7121 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular his sons בָּנָ֑יו H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular and said וַיֹּ֗אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Gather around הֵאָֽסְפוּ֙ H622 Verb - Nifal - Imperative - masculine plural so that I can tell וְאַגִּ֣ידָה H5046 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative - first person common singular you לָכֶ֔ם Preposition | second person masculine plural אֵ֛ת אֵ֛ת H853 Direct object marker what אֲשֶׁר־ H834 Pronoun - relative will happen יִקְרָ֥א H7122 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular to you אֶתְכֶ֖ם H853 Direct object marker | second person masculine plural in the days הַיָּמִֽים׃ H3117 Article | Noun - masculine plural to come בְּאַחֲרִ֥ית H319 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct
Verse 2

Original words

Come together הִקָּבְצ֥וּ H6908 Verb - Nifal - Imperative - masculine plural and listen וְשִׁמְע֖וּ H8085 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural O sons בְּנֵ֣י H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct of Jacob יַעֲקֹ֑ב H3290 Noun - proper - masculine singular listen וְשִׁמְע֖וּ H8085 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural to אֶל־ H413 Preposition your father אֲבִיכֶֽם׃ H1 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine plural Israel יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 3

Original words

Reuben רְאוּבֵן֙ H7205 Noun - proper - masculine singular you אַ֔תָּה H859 Pronoun - second person masculine singular are my firstborn בְּכֹ֣רִי H1060 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular my might כֹּחִ֖י H3581 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular and the beginning וְרֵאשִׁ֣ית H7225 Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular construct of my strength אוֹנִ֑י H202 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular excelling יֶ֥תֶר H3499 Noun - masculine singular construct in honor שְׂאֵ֖ת H7613 Noun - feminine singular excelling וְיֶ֥תֶר H3499 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct in power עָֽז׃ H5794 Adjective - masculine singular
Verse 4

Original words

Uncontrolled פַּ֤חַז H6349 Noun - masculine singular as the waters כַּמַּ֙יִם֙ H4325 Preposition-k, Article | Noun - masculine plural you will no אַל־ H408 Adverb longer excel תּוֹתַ֔ר H3498 Verb - Hifil - Imperfect Jussive - second person masculine singular because כִּ֥י H3588 Conjunction you went up עָלִ֖יתָ H5927 Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singular to your father’s אָבִ֑יךָ H1 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular bed מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י H4904 Noun - masculine plural construct onto עָלָֽה׃פ H5927 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular my couch יְצוּעִ֥י H3326 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular and אָ֥ז H227 Adverb defiled it חִלַּ֖לְתָּ H2490 Verb - Piel - Perfect - second person masculine singular
Verse 5

Original words

Simeon שִׁמְע֥וֹן H8095 Noun - proper - masculine singular and Levi וְלֵוִ֖י H3878 Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular are brothers אַחִ֑ים H251 Noun - masculine plural their swords מְכֵרֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ H4380 Noun - feminine plural construct | third person masculine plural are weapons כְּלֵ֥י H3627 Noun - masculine plural construct of violence חָמָ֖ס H2555 Noun - masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Or dwelling places
Verse 6

Original words

May I נַפְשִׁ֔י H5315 Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular never אַל־ H408 Adverb enter תָּבֹ֣א H935 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine singular their council בְּסֹדָם֙ H5475 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine plural may I כְּבֹדִ֑י H3519 Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular never אַל־ H408 Adverb join תֵּחַ֣ד H3161 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine singular their assembly בִּקְהָלָ֖ם H6951 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine plural For כִּ֤י H3588 Conjunction they kill הָ֣רְגוּ H2026 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural men אִ֔ישׁ H376 Noun - masculine singular in their anger בְאַפָּם֙ H639 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine plural and hamstring עִקְּרוּ־ H6131 Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person common plural oxen שֽׁוֹר׃ H7794 Noun - masculine singular on a whim וּבִרְצֹנָ֖ם H7522 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine plural
Verse 7

Original words

Cursed [be] אָר֤וּר H779 Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - masculine singular their anger אַפָּם֙ H639 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine plural for כִּ֣י H3588 Conjunction it is strong עָ֔ז H5794 Adjective - masculine singular and their wrath וְעֶבְרָתָ֖ם H5678 Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine plural for כִּ֣י H3588 Conjunction it is cruel קָשָׁ֑תָה H7185 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular I will disperse them אֲחַלְּקֵ֣ם H2505 Verb - Piel - Imperfect - first person common singular | third person masculine plural in Jacob בְּיַעֲקֹ֔ב H3290 Preposition-b | Noun - proper - masculine singular and scatter them וַאֲפִיצֵ֖ם H6327 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive imperfect - first person common singular | third person masculine plural in Israel בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ס H3478 Preposition-b | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 8

Original words

Judah יְהוּדָ֗ה H3063 Noun - proper - masculine singular . . . אַתָּה֙ H859 Pronoun - second person masculine singular your brothers אַחֶ֔יךָ H251 Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular shall praise you יוֹד֣וּךָ H3034 Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine plural | second person masculine singular Your hand יָדְךָ֖ H3027 Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine singular shall be on the necks בְּעֹ֣רֶף H6203 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct of your enemies אֹיְבֶ֑יךָ H341 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular your father’s אָבִֽיךָ׃ H1 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular sons בְּנֵ֥י H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct shall bow down יִשְׁתַּחֲוּ֥וּ H7812 Verb - Hitpael - Imperfect - third person masculine plural to you לְךָ֖ Preposition | second person masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Judah sounds like the Hebrew for praise.
Verse 9

Original words

Judah יְהוּדָ֔ה H3063 Noun - proper - masculine singular is a young גּ֤וּר H1482 Noun - masculine singular construct lion אַרְיֵה֙ H738 Noun - masculine singular my son בְּנִ֣י H1121 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular you return עָלִ֑יתָ H5927 Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singular from the prey מִטֶּ֖רֶף H2964 Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular Like a lion כְּאַרְיֵ֛ה H738 Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular he crouches כָּרַ֨ע H3766 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular [and] lies down רָבַ֧ץ H7257 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular like a lioness וּכְלָבִ֖יא H3833 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular who מִ֥י H4310 Interrogative dares to rouse him יְקִימֶֽנּוּ׃ H6965 Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular
Verse 10

Original words

The scepter שֵׁ֙בֶט֙ H7626 Noun - masculine singular will not לֹֽא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle depart יָס֥וּר H5493 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular from Judah מִֽיהוּדָ֔ה H3063 Preposition-m | Noun - proper - masculine singular nor the staff וּמְחֹקֵ֖ק H2710 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine singular from between מִבֵּ֣ין H996 Preposition-m his feet רַגְלָ֑יו H7272 Noun - feminine dual construct | third person masculine singular until עַ֚ד H5704 Preposition . . . כִּֽי־ H3588 Conjunction Shiloh שִׁילֹה H7886 Noun - proper - masculine singular comes יָבֹ֣א H935 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular and the allegiance יִקְּהַ֥ת H3349 Noun - feminine singular construct of the nations עַמִּֽים׃ H5971 Noun - masculine plural is his וְל֖וֹ Conjunctive waw | Preposition | third person masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Or from his descendants
  • Or until the one to whom tribute belongs
Verse 11

Original words

He ties אֹסְרִ֤י H631 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular construct his donkey עִירֹה H5895 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular to the vine לַגֶּ֙פֶן֙ H1612 Preposition-l, Article | Noun - common singular his colt בְּנִ֣י H1121 Noun - masculine singular construct . . . אֲתֹנ֑וֹ H860 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular to the choicest branch וְלַשֹּׂרֵקָ֖ה H8321 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l, Article | Noun - feminine singular He washes כִּבֵּ֤ס H3526 Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular his garments לְבֻשׁ֔וֹ H3830 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular in wine בַּיַּ֙יִן֙ H3196 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular his robes סוּתֹה׃ H5497 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular in the blood וּבְדַם־ H1818 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct of grapes עֲנָבִ֖ים H6025 Noun - masculine plural
Verse 12

Original words

His eyes עֵינַ֖יִם H5869 Noun - cd are darker חַכְלִילִ֥י H2447 Adjective - masculine singular construct than wine מִיָּ֑יִן H3196 Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular and his teeth שִׁנַּ֖יִם H8127 Noun - cd are whiter וּלְבֶן־ H3836 Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine singular construct than milk מֵחָלָֽב׃פ H2461 Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.