Focused Passage

Deuteronomy 21:1-9

Blood, Honor, and Covenant Order in the Land

From unsolved corporate guilt requiring atonement, through the regulation of vulnerable persons (captive woman, overlooked firstborn, rebellious son, hanged criminal), to the requirement that even judicial death not defile the land — the chapter consistently moves from problem of defilement or disorder toward covenant-ordered resolution.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1 If one is found slain, lying in a field in the land that the LORD your God is giving you to possess, and it is not known who killed him,

2 your elders and judges must come out and measure the distance from the victim to the neighboring cities.

3 Then the elders of the city nearest the victim shall take a heifer that has never been yoked or used for work,

4 bring the heifer to a valley with running water that has not been plowed or sown, and break its neck there by the stream.

5 And the priests, the sons of Levi, shall come forward, for the LORD your God has chosen them to serve Him and pronounce blessings in His name and to give a ruling in every dispute and case of assault.

6 Then all the elders of the city nearest the victim shall wash their hands by the stream over the heifer whose neck has been broken,

7 and they shall declare, “Our hands did not shed this blood, nor did our eyes see it.

8 Accept this atonement, O LORD, for Your people Israel whom You have redeemed, and do not hold the shedding of innocent blood against them.” And the bloodshed will be atoned for.

9 So you shall purge from among you the guilt of shedding innocent blood, since you have done what is right in the eyes of the LORD.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

If כִּי־ H3588 Conjunction [one] is found יִמָּצֵ֣א H4672 Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular slain חָלָ֗ל H2491 Noun - masculine singular lying נֹפֵ֖ל H5307 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular in a field בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה H7704 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular in the land בָּאֲדָמָה֙ H127 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singular that אֲשֶׁר֩ H834 Pronoun - relative the LORD יְהוָ֨ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular your God אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ H430 Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular is giving נֹתֵ֤ן H5414 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular you לְךָ֙ Preposition | second person masculine singular to possess לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּ H3423 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person feminine singular and it is not לֹ֥א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle known נוֹדַ֖ע H3045 Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person masculine singular who מִ֥י H4310 Interrogative killed him הִכָּֽהוּ׃ H5221 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular
Verse 2

Original words

your elders זְקֵנֶ֖יךָ H2205 Adjective - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular and judges וְשֹׁפְטֶ֑יךָ H8199 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular must come out וְיָצְא֥וּ H3318 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural and measure the distance וּמָדְדוּ֙ H4058 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural from the victim הֶחָלָֽל׃ H2491 Article | Noun - masculine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition the neighboring סְבִיבֹ֥ת H5439 Adverb cities הֶ֣עָרִ֔ים H5892 Article | Noun - feminine plural - אֲשֶׁ֖ר H834 Pronoun - relative
Verse 3

Original words

Then וְהָיָ֣ה H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular the elders זִקְנֵי֩ H2205 Adjective - masculine plural construct . . . הָעִ֨יר H5892 Article | Noun - feminine singular . . . הַהִ֜וא H1931 Article | Pronoun - third person feminine singular of the city הָעִ֔יר H5892 Article | Noun - feminine singular nearest הַקְּרֹבָ֖ה H7138 Article | Adjective - feminine singular - אֶל־ H413 Preposition the victim הֶחָלָ֑ל H2491 Article | Noun - masculine singular shall take וְלָֽקְח֡וּ H3947 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural a heifer עֶגְלַ֣ת H5697 Noun - feminine singular construct . . . בָּקָ֗ר H1241 Noun - masculine singular that אֲשֶׁ֤ר H834 Pronoun - relative has never לֹֽא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle been yoked בְּעֹֽל׃ H5923 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular or used for work עֻבַּד֙ H5647 Verb - QalPass - Perfect - third person masculine singular אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834 Pronoun - relative לֹא־ לֹא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle מָשְׁכָ֖ה מָשְׁכָ֖ה H4900 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular
Verse 4

Original words

bring וְהוֹרִ֡דוּ H3381 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural - זִקְנֵי֩ H2205 Adjective - masculine plural construct - הַהִ֤וא H1931 Article | Pronoun - third person feminine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker - הָעִ֨יר H5892 Article | Noun - feminine singular the heifer הָֽעֶגְלָה֙ H5697 Article | Noun - feminine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition a valley נַ֣חַל H5158 Noun - masculine singular with running water אֵיתָ֔ן H386 Adjective - masculine singular that אֲשֶׁ֛ר H834 Pronoun - relative has not לֹא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle been plowed יֵעָבֵ֥ד H5647 Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular - וְלֹ֣א H3808 Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle or sown יִזָּרֵ֑עַ H2232 Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular {and break} its הָעֶגְלָ֖ה H5697 Article | Noun - feminine singular neck וְעָֽרְפוּ־ H6202 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural there שָׁ֥ם H8033 Adverb - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker by the stream בַּנָּֽחַל׃ H5158 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 5

Original words

And the priests הַכֹּהֲנִים֮ H3548 Article | Noun - masculine plural the sons בְּנֵ֣י H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct of Levi לֵוִי֒ H3878 Noun - proper - masculine singular shall come forward וְנִגְּשׁ֣וּ H5066 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural for כִּ֣י H3588 Conjunction the LORD יְהוָ֤ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular your God אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ H430 Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular has chosen them בָּחַ֞ר H977 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular to serve Him לְשָׁ֣רְת֔וֹ H8334 Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct | third person masculine singular and pronounce blessings וּלְבָרֵ֖ךְ H1288 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct in His יְהוָ֑ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular name בְּשֵׁ֣ם H8034 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct and to give a ruling וְעַל־ H5921 Conjunctive waw | Preposition . . . פִּיהֶ֥ם H6310 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine plural . . . יִהְיֶ֖ה H1961 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular in every כָּל־ H3605 Noun - masculine singular construct dispute רִ֥יב H7379 Noun - masculine singular . . . וְכָל־ H3605 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct and case of assault נָֽגַע׃ H5061 Noun - masculine singular
Verse 6

Original words

Then all וְכֹ֗ל H3605 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct the elders זִקְנֵי֙ H2205 Adjective - masculine plural construct of the city הָעִ֣יר H5892 Article | Noun - feminine singular . . . הַהִ֔וא H1931 Article | Pronoun - third person feminine singular nearest הַקְּרֹבִ֖ים H7138 Article | Adjective - masculine plural - אֶל־ H413 Preposition the victim הֶחָלָ֑ל H2491 Article | Noun - masculine singular shall wash יִרְחֲצוּ֙ H7364 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker their hands יְדֵיהֶ֔ם H3027 Noun - feminine dual construct | third person masculine plural by the stream בַנָּֽחַל׃ H5158 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular over עַל־ H5921 Preposition the heifer הָעֶגְלָ֖ה H5697 Article | Noun - feminine singular whose neck has been broken הָעֲרוּפָ֥ה H6202 Article | Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - feminine singular
Verse 7

Original words

and they shall declare וְעָנ֖וּ H6030 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural . . . וְאָמְר֑וּ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural Our hands יָדֵ֗ינוּ H3027 Noun - feminine dual construct | first person common plural did not לֹ֤א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle shed שָׁפְכָה H8210 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker this הַזֶּ֔ה H2088 Article | Pronoun - masculine singular blood הַדָּ֣ם H1818 Article | Noun - masculine singular nor did לֹ֥א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle our eyes וְעֵינֵ֖ינוּ H5869 Conjunctive waw | Noun - cdc | first person common plural see it רָאֽוּ׃ H7200 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural
Verse 8

Original words

Accept this atonement כַּפֵּר֩ H3722 Verb - Piel - Imperative - masculine singular O LORD יְהוָ֔ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular for Your people לְעַמְּךָ֨ H5971 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular Israel יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular whom אֲשֶׁר־ H834 Pronoun - relative You have redeemed פָּדִ֙יתָ֙ H6299 Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singular and do not וְאַל־ H408 Conjunctive waw | Adverb hold תִּתֵּן֙ H5414 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular the shedding of innocent נָקִ֔י H5355 Adjective - masculine singular blood דָּ֣ם H1818 Noun - masculine singular against בְּקֶ֖רֶב H7130 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct them עַמְּךָ֣ H5971 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular . . . יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular . . . לָהֶ֖ם Preposition-l | Pronoun - third person masculine plural And the bloodshed הַדָּֽם׃ H1818 Article | Noun - masculine singular will be atoned for וְנִכַּפֵּ֥ר H3722 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nithpael - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 9

Original words

So you וְאַתָּ֗ה H859 Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - second person masculine singular shall purge תְּבַעֵ֛ר H1197 Verb - Piel - Imperfect - second person masculine singular from among you מִקִּרְבֶּ֑ךָ H7130 Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular the guilt of shedding innocent הַנָּקִ֖י H5355 Article | Adjective - masculine singular blood הַדָּ֥ם H1818 Article | Noun - masculine singular since כִּֽי־ H3588 Conjunction you have done תַעֲשֶׂ֥ה H6213 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular what is right הַיָּשָׁ֖ר H3477 Article | Adjective - masculine singular in the eyes בְּעֵינֵ֥י H5869 Preposition-b | Noun - cdc of the LORD יְהוָֽה׃ס H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.