Focused Passage

Deuteronomy 21:1-9

Blood, Honor, and Covenant Order in the Land

From unsolved corporate guilt requiring atonement, through the regulation of vulnerable persons (captive woman, overlooked firstborn, rebellious son, hanged criminal), to the requirement that even judicial death not defile the land — the chapter consistently moves from problem of defilement or disorder toward covenant-ordered resolution.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1If one is found slain, lying in a field in the land that the LORD your God is giving you to possess, and it is not known who killed him,

2your elders and judges must come out and measure the distance from the victim to the neighboring cities.

3Then the elders of the city nearest the victim shall take a heifer that has never been yoked or used for work,

4bring the heifer to a valley with running water that has not been plowed or sown, and break its neck there by the stream.

5And the priests, the sons of Levi, shall come forward, for the LORD your God has chosen them to serve Him and pronounce blessings in His name and to give a ruling in every dispute and case of assault.

6Then all the elders of the city nearest the victim shall wash their hands by the stream over the heifer whose neck has been broken,

7and they shall declare, “Our hands did not shed this blood, nor did our eyes see it.

8Accept this atonement, O LORD, for Your people Israel whom You have redeemed, and do not hold the shedding of innocent blood against them.” And the bloodshed will be atoned for.

9So you shall purge from among you the guilt of shedding innocent blood, since you have done what is right in the eyes of the LORD.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Ifכִּי־H3588Conjunction[one] is foundיִמָּצֵ֣אH4672Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularslainחָלָ֗לH2491Noun - masculine singularlyingנֹפֵ֖לH5307Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularin a fieldבַּשָּׂדֶ֑הH7704Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularin the landבָּאֲדָמָה֙H127Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singularthatאֲשֶׁר֩H834Pronoun - relativethe LORDיְהוָ֨הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularyour Godאֱלֹהֶ֜יךָH430Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularis givingנֹתֵ֤ןH5414Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularyouלְךָ֙Preposition | second person masculine singularto possessלְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּH3423Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person feminine singularand it is notלֹ֥אH3808Adverb - Negative particleknownנוֹדַ֖עH3045Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person masculine singularwhoמִ֥יH4310Interrogativekilled himהִכָּֽהוּ׃H5221Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular
Verse 2

Original words

your eldersזְקֵנֶ֖יךָH2205Adjective - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularand judgesוְשֹׁפְטֶ֑יךָH8199Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularmust come outוְיָצְא֥וּH3318Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluraland measure the distanceוּמָדְדוּ֙H4058Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluralfrom the victimהֶחָלָֽל׃H2491Article | Noun - masculine singulartoאֶל־H413Prepositionthe neighboringסְבִיבֹ֥תH5439Adverbcitiesהֶ֣עָרִ֔יםH5892Article | Noun - feminine plural-אֲשֶׁ֖רH834Pronoun - relative
Verse 3

Original words

Thenוְהָיָ֣הH1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularthe eldersזִקְנֵי֩H2205Adjective - masculine plural construct. . .הָעִ֨ירH5892Article | Noun - feminine singular. . .הַהִ֜ואH1931Article | Pronoun - third person feminine singularof the cityהָעִ֔ירH5892Article | Noun - feminine singularnearestהַקְּרֹבָ֖הH7138Article | Adjective - feminine singular-אֶל־H413Prepositionthe victimהֶחָלָ֑לH2491Article | Noun - masculine singularshall takeוְלָֽקְח֡וּH3947Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plurala heiferעֶגְלַ֣תH5697Noun - feminine singular construct. . .בָּקָ֗רH1241Noun - masculine singularthatאֲשֶׁ֤רH834Pronoun - relativehas neverלֹֽא־H3808Adverb - Negative particlebeen yokedבְּעֹֽל׃H5923Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singularor used for workעֻבַּד֙H5647Verb - QalPass - Perfect - third person masculine singularאֲשֶׁ֥ראֲשֶׁ֥רH834Pronoun - relativeלֹא־לֹא־H3808Adverb - Negative particleמָשְׁכָ֖המָשְׁכָ֖הH4900Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular
Verse 4

Original words

bringוְהוֹרִ֡דוּH3381Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural-זִקְנֵי֩H2205Adjective - masculine plural construct-הַהִ֤ואH1931Article | Pronoun - third person feminine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object marker-הָעִ֨ירH5892Article | Noun - feminine singularthe heiferהָֽעֶגְלָה֙H5697Article | Noun - feminine singulartoאֶל־H413Prepositiona valleyנַ֣חַלH5158Noun - masculine singularwith running waterאֵיתָ֔ןH386Adjective - masculine singularthatאֲשֶׁ֛רH834Pronoun - relativehas notלֹא־H3808Adverb - Negative particlebeen plowedיֵעָבֵ֥דH5647Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular-וְלֹ֣אH3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particleor sownיִזָּרֵ֑עַH2232Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular{and break} itsהָעֶגְלָ֖הH5697Article | Noun - feminine singularneckוְעָֽרְפוּ־H6202Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluralthereשָׁ֥םH8033Adverb-אֶת־H853Direct object markerby the streamבַּנָּֽחַל׃H5158Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 5

Original words

And the priestsהַכֹּהֲנִים֮H3548Article | Noun - masculine pluralthe sonsבְּנֵ֣יH1121Noun - masculine plural constructof Leviלֵוִי֒H3878Noun - proper - masculine singularshall come forwardוְנִגְּשׁ֣וּH5066Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluralforכִּ֣יH3588Conjunctionthe LORDיְהוָ֤הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularyour Godאֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙H430Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularhas chosen themבָּחַ֞רH977Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularto serve Himלְשָׁ֣רְת֔וֹH8334Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct | third person masculine singularand pronounce blessingsוּלְבָרֵ֖ךְH1288Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive constructin Hisיְהוָ֑הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularnameבְּשֵׁ֣םH8034Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructand to give a rulingוְעַל־H5921Conjunctive waw | Preposition. . .פִּיהֶ֥םH6310Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine plural. . .יִהְיֶ֖הH1961Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularin everyכָּל־H3605Noun - masculine singular constructdisputeרִ֥יבH7379Noun - masculine singular. . .וְכָל־H3605Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular constructand case of assaultנָֽגַע׃H5061Noun - masculine singular
Verse 6

Original words

Then allוְכֹ֗לH3605Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular constructthe eldersזִקְנֵי֙H2205Adjective - masculine plural constructof the cityהָעִ֣ירH5892Article | Noun - feminine singular. . .הַהִ֔ואH1931Article | Pronoun - third person feminine singularnearestהַקְּרֹבִ֖יםH7138Article | Adjective - masculine plural-אֶל־H413Prepositionthe victimהֶחָלָ֑לH2491Article | Noun - masculine singularshall washיִרְחֲצוּ֙H7364Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural-אֶת־H853Direct object markertheir handsיְדֵיהֶ֔םH3027Noun - feminine dual construct | third person masculine pluralby the streamבַנָּֽחַל׃H5158Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularoverעַל־H5921Prepositionthe heiferהָעֶגְלָ֖הH5697Article | Noun - feminine singularwhose neck has been brokenהָעֲרוּפָ֥הH6202Article | Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - feminine singular
Verse 7

Original words

and they shall declareוְעָנ֖וּH6030Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural. . .וְאָמְר֑וּH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluralOur handsיָדֵ֗ינוּH3027Noun - feminine dual construct | first person common pluraldid notלֹ֤אH3808Adverb - Negative particleshedשָׁפְכָהH8210Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural-אֶת־H853Direct object markerthisהַזֶּ֔הH2088Article | Pronoun - masculine singularbloodהַדָּ֣םH1818Article | Noun - masculine singularnor didלֹ֥אH3808Adverb - Negative particleour eyesוְעֵינֵ֖ינוּH5869Conjunctive waw | Noun - cdc | first person common pluralsee itרָאֽוּ׃H7200Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural
Verse 8

Original words

Accept this atonementכַּפֵּר֩H3722Verb - Piel - Imperative - masculine singularO LORDיְהוָ֔הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularfor Your peopleלְעַמְּךָ֨H5971Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularIsraelיִשְׂרָאֵ֤לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singularwhomאֲשֶׁר־H834Pronoun - relativeYou have redeemedפָּדִ֙יתָ֙H6299Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singularand do notוְאַל־H408Conjunctive waw | Adverbholdתִּתֵּן֙H5414Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singularthe shedding of innocentנָקִ֔יH5355Adjective - masculine singularbloodדָּ֣םH1818Noun - masculine singularagainstבְּקֶ֖רֶבH7130Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructthemעַמְּךָ֣H5971Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular. . .יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .לָהֶ֖םPreposition-l | Pronoun - third person masculine pluralAnd the bloodshedהַדָּֽם׃H1818Article | Noun - masculine singularwill be atoned forוְנִכַּפֵּ֥רH3722Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nithpael - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 9

Original words

So youוְאַתָּ֗הH859Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - second person masculine singularshall purgeתְּבַעֵ֛רH1197Verb - Piel - Imperfect - second person masculine singularfrom among youמִקִּרְבֶּ֑ךָH7130Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularthe guilt of shedding innocentהַנָּקִ֖יH5355Article | Adjective - masculine singularbloodהַדָּ֥םH1818Article | Noun - masculine singularsinceכִּֽי־H3588Conjunctionyou have doneתַעֲשֶׂ֥הH6213Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singularwhat is rightהַיָּשָׁ֖רH3477Article | Adjective - masculine singularin the eyesבְּעֵינֵ֥יH5869Preposition-b | Noun - cdcof the LORDיְהוָֽה׃סH3068Noun - proper - masculine singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.