Focused Passage

Nehemiah 5:1-13

Nehemiah Confronts Internal Injustice and Models Fear-of-God Leadership

The cry of the poor exposes internal oppression, Nehemiah confronts nobles and officials, the people pledge restitution, and Nehemiah models self-denying leadership grounded in the fear of God.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1 About that time there was a great outcry from the people and their wives against their fellow Jews.

2 Some were saying, “We and our sons and daughters are numerous. We must get grain in order to eat and stay alive.”

3 Others were saying, “We are mortgaging our fields, our vineyards, and our homes to get grain during the famine.”

4 Still others were saying, “We have borrowed money to pay the king’s tax on our fields and vineyards.

5 We and our children are just like our countrymen and their children, yet we are subjecting our sons and daughters to slavery. Some of our daughters are already enslaved, but we are powerless to redeem them because our fields and vineyards belong to others.”

6 When I heard their outcry and these complaints, I became extremely angry,

7 and after serious thought I rebuked the nobles and officials, saying, “You are exacting usury from your own brothers!” So I called a large assembly against them

8 and said, “We have done our best to buy back our Jewish brothers who were sold to foreigners, but now you are selling your own brothers, that they may be sold back to us!” But they remained silent, for they could find nothing to say.

9 So I continued, “What you are doing is not right. Shouldn’t you walk in the fear of our God to avoid the reproach of our foreign enemies?

10 I, as well as my brothers and my servants, have been lending the people money and grain. Please, let us stop this usury.

11 Please restore to them immediately their fields, vineyards, olive groves, and houses, along with the percentage of the money, grain, new wine, and oil that you have been assessing them.”

12 “We will restore it,” they replied, “and will require nothing more from them. We will do as you say.” So I summoned the priests and required of the nobles and officials an oath that they would do what they had promised.

13 I also shook out the folds of my robe and said, “May God likewise shake out of his house and possessions every man who does not keep this promise. May such a man be shaken out and have nothing!” The whole assembly said, “Amen,” and they praised the LORD. And the people did as they had promised.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

About that time there was וַתְּהִ֨י H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular a great גְּדוֹלָ֑ה H1419 Adjective - feminine singular outcry צַעֲקַ֥ת H6818 Noun - feminine singular construct from the people הָעָ֛ם H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular and their wives וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֖ם H802 Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine plural construct | third person masculine plural against אֶל־ H413 Preposition their fellow אֲחֵיהֶ֖ם H251 Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural Jews הַיְּהוּדִֽים׃ H3064 Article | Noun - proper - masculine plural
Verse 2

Original words

- וְיֵשׁ֙ H3426 Conjunctive waw | Adverb Some אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834 Pronoun - relative were saying אֹמְרִ֔ים H559 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural We אֲנַ֣חְנוּ H587 Pronoun - first person common plural [and] our sons בָּנֵ֥ינוּ H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common plural and daughters וּבְנֹתֵ֖ינוּ H1323 Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine plural construct | first person common plural are numerous רַבִּ֑ים H7227 Adjective - masculine plural We must get וְנִקְחָ֥ה H3947 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative - first person common plural grain דָגָ֖ן H1715 Noun - masculine singular in order to eat וְנֹאכְלָ֥ה H398 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative - first person common plural and stay alive וְנִחְיֶֽה׃ H2421 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative if contextual - first person common plural
Verse 3

Original words

- וְיֵשׁ֙ H3426 Conjunctive waw | Adverb Others אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834 Pronoun - relative were saying אֹמְרִ֔ים H559 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural We אֲנַ֣חְנוּ H587 Pronoun - first person common plural are mortgaging עֹרְבִ֑ים H6148 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural our fields שְׂדֹתֵ֛ינוּ H7704 Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common plural our vineyards וּכְרָמֵ֥ינוּ H3754 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common plural and our homes וּבָתֵּ֖ינוּ H1004 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common plural to get וְנִקְחָ֥ה H3947 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative - first person common plural grain דָגָ֖ן H1715 Noun - masculine singular during the famine בָּרָעָֽב׃ H7458 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 4

Original words

- וְיֵשׁ֙ H3426 Conjunctive waw | Adverb Still others אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834 Pronoun - relative were saying אֹמְרִ֔ים H559 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural We have borrowed לָוִ֥ינוּ H3867 Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common plural money [to pay] כֶ֖סֶף H3701 Noun - masculine singular the king’s הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ H4428 Article | Noun - masculine singular tax לְמִדַּ֣ת H4060 Preposition-l | Noun - feminine singular construct [on] our fields שְׂדֹתֵ֖ינוּ H7704 Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common plural and vineyards וּכְרָמֵֽינוּ׃ H3754 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common plural
Verse 5

Original words

- וְעַתָּ֗ה H6258 Conjunctive waw | Adverb - כִּבְשַׂ֤ר H1320 Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular construct We and our children כִּבְנֵיהֶ֖ם H1121 Preposition-k | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural are just like our countrymen אַחֵ֙ינוּ֙ H251 Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common plural . . . בְּשָׂרֵ֔נוּ H1320 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common plural and their children בָּנֵ֑ינוּ H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common plural . . . וְהִנֵּ֣ה H2009 Conjunctive waw | Interjection yet we אֲנַ֣חְנוּ H587 Pronoun - first person common plural are subjecting כֹ֠בְשִׁים H3533 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker our sons בָּנֵ֨ינוּ H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common plural - וְאֶת־ H853 Conjunctive waw | Direct object marker and daughters בְּנֹתֵ֜ינוּ H1323 Noun - feminine plural construct | first person common plural to slavery לַעֲבָדִ֗ים H5650 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural Some of וְיֵ֨שׁ H3426 Conjunctive waw | Adverb our daughters מִבְּנֹתֵ֤ינוּ H1323 Preposition-m | Noun - feminine plural construct | first person common plural are already enslaved נִכְבָּשׁוֹת֙ H3533 Verb - Nifal - Participle - feminine plural but we are powerless [to redeem them] וְאֵ֣ין H369 Conjunctive waw | Adverb . . . לְאֵ֣ל H410 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct . . . יָדֵ֔נוּ H3027 Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common plural because our fields וּשְׂדֹתֵ֥ינוּ H7704 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common plural and vineyards וּכְרָמֵ֖ינוּ H3754 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common plural belong to others לַאֲחֵרִֽים׃ H312 Preposition-l | Adjective - masculine plural
Verse 6

Original words

When כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר H834 Preposition-k | Pronoun - relative I heard שָׁמַ֙עְתִּי֙ H8085 Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker their outcry זַֽעֲקָתָ֔ם H2201 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine plural - וְאֵ֖ת H853 Conjunctive waw | Direct object marker and these הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ H428 Article | Pronoun - common plural complaints הַדְּבָרִ֥ים H1697 Article | Noun - masculine plural I became extremely מְאֹ֑ד H3966 Adverb angry וַיִּ֥חַר H2734 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 7

Original words

and after serious לִבִּ֜י H3820 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular thought וַיִּמָּלֵ֨ךְ H4427 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular עָלַ֗י עָלַ֗י H5921 Preposition | first person common singular I rebuked וָאָרִ֙יבָה֙ H7378 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - first person common singular | third person feminine singular - אֶת־ H854 Direct object marker the nobles הַחֹרִ֣ים H2715 Article | Noun - masculine plural . . . וְאֶת־ H854 Conjunctive waw | Direct object marker and officials הַסְּגָנִ֔ים H5461 Article | Noun - masculine plural saying וָאֹמְרָ֣ה H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - first person common singular | third person feminine singular vvv אִישׁ־ H376 Noun - masculine singular You אַתֶּ֣ם H859 Pronoun - second person masculine plural are exacting נֹשִׁ֑אים H5378 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural usury מַשָּׁ֥א H4855 Noun - masculine singular from your own brothers בְּאָחִ֖יו H251 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular So I called וָאֶתֵּ֥ן H5414 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - first person common singular a large גְדוֹלָֽה׃ H1419 Adjective - feminine singular assembly קְהִלָּ֥ה H6952 Noun - feminine singular against them עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם H5921 Preposition | third person masculine plural
Verse 8

Original words

and said וָאֹמְרָ֣ה H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - first person common singular | third person feminine singular We אֲנַ֣חְנוּ H587 Pronoun - first person common plural have done our best כְּדֵ֣י H1767 Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular construct - וְגַם־ H1571 Conjunction to buy back קָ֠נִינוּ H7069 Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker our Jewish הַיְּהוּדִ֜ים H3064 Article | Noun - proper - masculine plural brothers אַחֵ֨ינוּ H251 Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common plural who were sold הַנִּמְכָּרִ֤ים H4376 Article | Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine plural to foreigners לַגּוֹיִם֙ H1471 Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine plural but now you אַתֶּ֛ם H859 Pronoun - second person masculine plural are selling תִּמְכְּר֥וּ H4376 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker your own brothers אֲחֵיכֶ֖ם H251 Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine plural that they may be sold back וְנִמְכְּרוּ־ H4376 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural to us לָ֑נוּ Preposition | first person common plural But they remained silent וַֽיַּחֲרִ֔ישׁוּ H2790 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural for they could find מָצְא֖וּ H4672 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural nothing וְלֹ֥א H3808 Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle to say דָּבָֽר׃ס H1697 Noun - masculine singular
Verse 9

Original words

So I continued וַיֹּאמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - first person common singular What אֲשֶׁר־ H834 Pronoun - relative you אַתֶּ֣ם H859 Pronoun - second person masculine plural are doing עֹשִׂ֑ים H6213 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural is not לֹא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle right ט֥וֹב H2896 Adjective - masculine singular . . . הַדָּבָ֖ר H1697 Article | Noun - masculine singular Shouldn’t הֲל֞וֹא H3808 Adverb - Negative particle you walk תֵּלֵ֔כוּ H1980 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural in the fear בְּיִרְאַ֤ת H3374 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct of our God אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ H430 Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common plural to avoid the reproach מֵחֶרְפַּ֖ת H2781 Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct of our foreign הַגּוֹיִ֥ם H1471 Article | Noun - masculine plural enemies אוֹיְבֵֽינוּ׃ H341 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct | first person common plural
Verse 10

Original words

I אֲנִי֙ H589 Pronoun - first person common singular as well as וְגַם־ H1571 Conjunction my brothers אַחַ֣י H251 Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common singular and my servants וּנְעָרַ֔י H5288 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common singular have been lending נֹשִׁ֥ים H5383 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural [the people] בָּהֶ֖ם Preposition | third person masculine plural money כֶּ֣סֶף H3701 Noun - masculine singular and grain וְדָגָ֑ן H1715 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular Please נָּ֖א H4994 Interjection - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker let us stop נַֽעַזְבָה־ H5800 Verb - Qal - Imperfect Cohortative - first person common plural this הַזֶּֽה׃ H2088 Article | Pronoun - masculine singular usury הַמַּשָּׁ֥א H4855 Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 11

Original words

Please נָ֨א H4994 Interjection restore הָשִׁיבוּ֩ H7725 Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine plural to them לָהֶ֜ם Preposition | third person masculine plural immediately כְּהַיּ֗וֹם H3117 Preposition-k, Article | Noun - masculine singular their fields שְׂדֹתֵיהֶ֛ם H7704 Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural vineyards כַּרְמֵיהֶ֥ם H3754 Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural olive groves זֵיתֵיהֶ֖ם H2132 Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural and houses וּבָתֵּיהֶ֑ם H1004 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural along with the percentage וּמְאַ֨ת H3967 Conjunctive waw | Number - feminine singular construct of the money הַכֶּ֤סֶף H3701 Article | Noun - masculine singular grain וְהַדָּגָן֙ H1715 Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singular new wine הַתִּיר֣וֹשׁ H8492 Article | Noun - masculine singular and oil וְהַיִּצְהָ֔ר H3323 Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singular that אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834 Pronoun - relative you אַתֶּ֖ם H859 Pronoun - second person masculine plural have been assessing נֹשִׁ֥ים H5383 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural them בָּהֶֽם׃ Preposition | third person masculine plural
Verse 12

Original words

We will restore [it] נָשִׁ֗יב H7725 Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - first person common plural they replied וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural and will require נְבַקֵּ֔שׁ H1245 Verb - Piel - Imperfect - first person common plural . . . כֵּ֣ן H3651 Adverb nothing לֹ֣א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle more from them וּמֵהֶם֙ Conjunctive waw | Preposition | third person masculine plural We will do נַעֲשֶׂ֔ה H6213 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common plural as כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר H834 Preposition-k | Pronoun - relative you אַתָּ֣ה H859 Pronoun - second person masculine singular say אוֹמֵ֑ר H559 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular So I summoned וָאֶקְרָא֙ H7121 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - first person common singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker the priests הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים H3548 Article | Noun - masculine plural and required [of the nobles and officials] an oath that they וָֽאַשְׁבִּיעֵ֔ם H7650 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - first person common singular | third person masculine plural would do לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת H6213 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct what they had promised כַּדָּבָ֥ר H1697 Preposition-k, Article | Noun - masculine singular . . . הַזֶּֽה׃ H2088 Article | Pronoun - masculine singular
Verse 13

Original words

I also גַּם־ H1571 Conjunction shook out נָעַ֗רְתִּי H5287 Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular the folds of my robe חָצְנִ֣י H2684 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular and said וָֽאֹמְרָ֡ה H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - first person common singular | third person feminine singular May God הָֽאֱלֹהִ֟ים H430 Article | Noun - masculine plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker likewise כָּ֣כָה H3602 Adverb shake יְנַעֵ֪ר H5287 Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singular out of his house מִבֵּיתוֹ֙ H1004 Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular and possessions וּמִ֣יגִיע֔וֹ H3018 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular . . . וְכָ֛כָה H3602 Conjunctive waw | Adverb every כָּל־ H3605 Noun - masculine singular construct man הָאִישׁ֩ H376 Article | Noun - masculine singular who אֲשֶׁ֨ר H834 Pronoun - relative does not לֹֽא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle keep יָקִ֜ים H6965 Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker this הַזֶּ֗ה H2088 Article | Pronoun - masculine singular promise הַדָּבָ֣ר H1697 Article | Noun - masculine singular May [such a man] be יִהְיֶ֥ה H1961 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular shaken out נָע֖וּר H5287 Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - masculine singular and have nothing וָרֵ֑ק H7386 Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine singular The whole כָֽל־ H3605 Noun - masculine singular construct assembly הַקָּהָ֜ל H6951 Article | Noun - masculine singular said וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural Amen אָמֵ֗ן H543 Adverb and they praised וַֽיְהַלְלוּ֙ H1984 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker the LORD יְהוָ֔ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular And the people הָעָ֖ם H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular did וַיַּ֥עַשׂ H6213 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular as they had promised כַּדָּבָ֥ר H1697 Preposition-k, Article | Noun - masculine singular . . . הַזֶּֽה׃ H2088 Article | Pronoun - masculine singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.