Focused Passage

Romans 11:1-10

The Remnant, the Grafted Gentiles, and the Mercy of God Toward Israel

Paul moves from denying that God has rejected Israel, to proving remnant grace through Elijah, to explaining Israel's hardening, to showing Gentile salvation through Israel's stumbling, to warning Gentiles against arrogance, to revealing the mystery of partial hardening and future Israelite salvation, to declaring God's irrevocable calling, universal mercy, and unsearchable wisdom.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1I ask then, did God reject His people? Certainly not! I am an Israelite myself, a descendant of Abraham, from the tribe of Benjamin.

2God did not reject His people, whom He foreknew. Do you not know what the Scripture says about Elijah, how he appealed to God against Israel:

3“Lord, they have killed Your prophets and torn down Your altars. I am the only one left, and they are seeking my life as well”?

4And what was the divine reply to him? “I have reserved for Myself seven thousand men who have not bowed the knee to Baal.”

5In the same way, at the present time there is a remnant chosen by grace.

6And if it is by grace, then it is no longer by works. Otherwise, grace would no longer be grace.

7What then? What Israel was seeking, it failed to obtain, but the elect did. The others were hardened,

8as it is written: “God gave them a spirit of stupor, eyes that could not see, and ears that could not hear, to this very day.”

9And David says: “May their table become a snare and a trap, a stumbling block and a retribution to them.

10May their eyes be darkened so they cannot see, and their backs be bent forever.”

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

I askΛέγωG3004Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person SingularthenοὖνG3767Conjunction-G3588Article - Nominative Masculine Singular{did} GodΘεὸςG2316Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularvvvμὴG3361AdverbrejectἀπώσατοG683Verb - Aorist Indicative Middle - 3rd Person SingularHisαὐτοῦG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular-τὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularpeopleλαὸνG2992Noun - Accusative Masculine SingularvvvμὴG3361AdverbCertainly notγένοιτοG1096Verb - Aorist Optative Middle - 3rd Person Singular-γὰρG1063ConjunctionIἐγὼG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 1st Person SingularamεἰμίG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person Singularan IsraeliteἸσραηλίτηςG2475Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular[myself]καὶG2532ConjunctionvvvἐκG1537Prepositiona descendantσπέρματοςG4690Noun - Genitive Neuter Singularof AbrahamἈβραάμG11Noun - Genitive Masculine Singularfrom [the] tribeφυλῆςG5443Noun - Genitive Feminine Singularof BenjaminΒενιαμίνG958Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 2

Original words

-G3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingularGodΘεὸςG2316Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularvvvοὐκG3756Adverbdid not rejectἀπώσατοG683Verb - Aorist Indicative Middle - 3rd Person SingularHisαὐτοῦG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular-τὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularpeopleλαὸνG2992Noun - Accusative Masculine SingularwhomὃνG3739Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine SingularHe foreknewπροέγνωG4267Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular-G2228ConjunctionvvvοὐκG3756AdverbDo you not knowοἴδατεG1492Verb - Perfect Indicative Active - 2nd Person PluralwhatτίG5101Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Accusative Neuter SingulartheG3588Article - Nominative Feminine SingularScriptureγραφήG1124Noun - Nominative Feminine SingularsaysλέγειG3004Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularaboutἐνG1722PrepositionElijahἨλίᾳG2243Noun - Dative Masculine SingularhowὡςG5613Adverbhe appealedἐντυγχάνειG1793Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular-τῷG3588Article - Dative Masculine Singularto GodΘεῷG2316Noun - Dative Masculine SingularagainstκατὰG2596Preposition-τοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularIsraelἸσραήλG2474Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 3

Original words

LordΚύριεG2962Noun - Vocative Masculine Singularthey have killedἀπέκτεινανG615Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person PluralYourσουG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person Singular-τοὺςG3588Article - Accusative Masculine PluralprophetsπροφήταςG4396Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural[and] torn downκατέσκαψανG2679Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person PluralYourσουG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person Singular-τὰG3588Article - Accusative Neuter PluralaltarsθυσιαστήριάG2379Noun - Accusative Neuter PluralIκἀγὼG2504Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 1st Person Singular[am] the only oneμόνοςG3441Adjective - Nominative Masculine SingularleftὑπελείφθηνG5275Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 1st Person SingularandκαὶG2532Conjunctionthey are seekingζητοῦσινG2212Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person PluralmyμουG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Singular-τὴνG3588Article - Accusative Feminine Singularlife [ as well ]ψυχήνG5590Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular

BSB notes

  • 1 Kings 19:10, 14
Verse 4

Original words

[And]ἈλλὰG235Conjunctionwhat [was]τίG5101Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Accusative Neuter SingulartheG3588Article - Nominative Masculine Singulardivine replyχρηματισμόςG5538Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular. . .λέγειG3004Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singularto himαὐτῷG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person SingularI have reservedΚατέλιπονG2641Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 1st Person Singularfor MyselfἐμαυτῷG1683Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 1st Person Singularseven thousandἑπτακισχιλίουςG2035Adjective - Accusative Masculine PluralmenἄνδραςG435Noun - Accusative Masculine PluralwhoοἵτινεςG3748Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Plural{have} notοὐκG3756AdverbbowedἔκαμψανG2578Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural[the] kneeγόνυG1119Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular-τῇG3588Article - Dative Feminine Singularto BaalΒάαλG896Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular

BSB notes

  • 1 Kings 19:18
Verse 5

Original words

In the same wayΟὕτωςG3779Adverb. . .οὖνG3767Conjunction. . .καὶG2532ConjunctionatἐνG1722PrepositiontheτῷG3588Article - Dative Masculine SingularpresentνῦνG3568AdverbtimeκαιρῷG2540Noun - Dative Masculine Singularthere isγέγονενG1096Verb - Perfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singulara remnantλεῖμμα*G3005Noun - Nominative Neuter Singularvvvκατ’G2596Prepositionchosen byἐκλογὴνG1589Noun - Accusative Feminine SingulargraceχάριτοςG5485Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular
Verse 6

Original words

AndδὲG1161Conjunctionif [it is]εἰG1487Conjunctionby graceχάριτιG5485Noun - Dative Feminine Singular[then it is] no longerοὐκέτιG3765AdverbbyἐξG1537PrepositionworksἔργωνG2041Noun - Genitive Neuter PluralOtherwiseἐπεὶG1893Conjunction-G3588Article - Nominative Feminine SingulargraceχάριςG5485Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular{would} no longerοὐκέτιG3765AdverbbeγίνεταιG1096Verb - Present Indicative Middle or Passive - 3rd Person SingulargraceχάριςG5485Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular

BSB notes

  • BYZ and TR include But if it is by works, then it is no longer grace; otherwise work is no longer work.
Verse 7

Original words

WhatΤίG5101Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Accusative Neuter SingularthenοὖνG3767ConjunctionWhatG3739Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter SingularIsraelἸσραήλG2474Noun - Nominative Masculine Singularwas seekingἐπιζητεῖG1934Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular-τοῦτοG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter SingularvvvοὐκG3756Adverbit failed to obtainἐπέτυχενG2013Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularbutδὲG1161ConjunctiontheG3588Article - Nominative Feminine SingularelectἐκλογὴG1589Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular[did]ἐπέτυχενG2013Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular-δὲG1161ConjunctionTheοἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine PluralothersλοιποὶG3062Adjective - Nominative Masculine Pluralwere hardenedἐπωρώθησανG4456Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Plural
Verse 8

Original words

asκαθὼς*G2531Conjunctionit is writtenγέγραπταιG1125Verb - Perfect Indicative Middle or Passive - 3rd Person Singular-G3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingularGodΘεὸςG2316Noun - Nominative Masculine SingulargaveἜδωκενG1325Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularthemαὐτοῖςG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Plurala spiritπνεῦμαG4151Noun - Accusative Neuter Singularof stuporκατανύξεωςG2659Noun - Genitive Feminine SingulareyesὀφθαλμοὺςG3788Noun - Accusative Masculine PluralthatτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Neuter SingularvvvμὴG3361Adverbcould not seeβλέπεινG991Verb - Present Infinitive ActiveandκαὶG2532ConjunctionearsὦταG3775Noun - Accusative Neuter PluralthatτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Neuter SingularvvvμὴG3361Adverbcould not hearἀκούεινG191Verb - Present Infinitive ActivetoἕωςG2193Preposition-τῆςG3588Article - Genitive Feminine Singularthis very dayσήμερονG4594Adverb. . .ἡμέραςG2250Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular

BSB notes

  • See Deuteronomy 29:4 and Isaiah 29:10.
Verse 9

Original words

AndΚαὶG2532ConjunctionDavidΔαυὶδG1138Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularsaysλέγειG3004Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular{May} theirαὐτῶνG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural-G3588Article - Nominative Feminine SingulartableτράπεζαG5132Noun - Nominative Feminine SingularbecomeΓενηθήτωG1096Verb - Aorist Imperative Passive - 3rd Person Singular. . .εἰςG1519Prepositiona snareπαγίδαG3803Noun - Accusative Feminine SingularandκαὶG2532Conjunction-εἰςG1519Prepositiona trapθήρανG2339Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular-καὶG2532Conjunction-εἰςG1519Prepositiona stumbling blockσκάνδαλονG4625Noun - Accusative Neuter SingularandκαὶG2532Conjunction-εἰςG1519Prepositiona retributionἀνταπόδομαG468Noun - Accusative Neuter Singularto themαὐτοῖςG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Plural
Verse 10

Original words

{May} theirαὐτῶνG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural-οἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine PluraleyesὀφθαλμοὶG3788Noun - Nominative Masculine Pluralbe darkenedσκοτισθήτωσανG4654Verb - Aorist Imperative Passive - 3rd Person PluralvvvμὴG3361AdverbvvvτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Neuter Singular[so] they cannot seeβλέπεινG991Verb - Present Infinitive ActiveandκαὶG2532ConjunctiontheirαὐτῶνG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural-τὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularbacksνῶτονG3577Noun - Accusative Masculine Singularbe bentσύνκαμψονG4781Verb - Aorist Imperative Active - 2nd Person SingularvvvδιὰG1223PrepositionforeverπαντὸςG3956Adjective - Genitive Masculine Singular

BSB notes

  • Psalm 69:22–23 (see also LXX)

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.