Focused Passage

Romans 11:1-10

The Remnant, the Grafted Gentiles, and the Mercy of God Toward Israel

Paul moves from denying that God has rejected Israel, to proving remnant grace through Elijah, to explaining Israel's hardening, to showing Gentile salvation through Israel's stumbling, to warning Gentiles against arrogance, to revealing the mystery of partial hardening and future Israelite salvation, to declaring God's irrevocable calling, universal mercy, and unsearchable wisdom.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1 I ask then, did God reject His people? Certainly not! I am an Israelite myself, a descendant of Abraham, from the tribe of Benjamin.

2 God did not reject His people, whom He foreknew. Do you not know what the Scripture says about Elijah, how he appealed to God against Israel:

3 “Lord, they have killed Your prophets and torn down Your altars. I am the only one left, and they are seeking my life as well”?

4 And what was the divine reply to him? “I have reserved for Myself seven thousand men who have not bowed the knee to Baal.”

5 In the same way, at the present time there is a remnant chosen by grace.

6 And if it is by grace, then it is no longer by works. Otherwise, grace would no longer be grace.

7 What then? What Israel was seeking, it failed to obtain, but the elect did. The others were hardened,

8 as it is written: “God gave them a spirit of stupor, eyes that could not see, and ears that could not hear, to this very day.”

9 And David says: “May their table become a snare and a trap, a stumbling block and a retribution to them.

10 May their eyes be darkened so they cannot see, and their backs be bent forever.”

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

I ask Λέγω G3004 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular then οὖν G3767 Conjunction - G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular {did} God Θεὸς G2316 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular vvv μὴ G3361 Adverb reject ἀπώσατο G683 Verb - Aorist Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Singular His αὐτοῦ G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular - τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular people λαὸν G2992 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular vvv μὴ G3361 Adverb Certainly not γένοιτο G1096 Verb - Aorist Optative Middle - 3rd Person Singular - γὰρ G1063 Conjunction I ἐγὼ G1473 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 1st Person Singular am εἰμί G1510 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular an Israelite Ἰσραηλίτης G2475 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular [myself] καὶ G2532 Conjunction vvv ἐκ G1537 Preposition a descendant σπέρματος G4690 Noun - Genitive Neuter Singular of Abraham Ἀβραάμ G11 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular from [the] tribe φυλῆς G5443 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular of Benjamin Βενιαμίν G958 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 2

Original words

- G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular God Θεὸς G2316 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular vvv οὐκ G3756 Adverb did not reject ἀπώσατο G683 Verb - Aorist Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Singular His αὐτοῦ G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular - τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular people λαὸν G2992 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular whom ὃν G3739 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Singular He foreknew προέγνω G4267 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular - G2228 Conjunction vvv οὐκ G3756 Adverb Do you not know οἴδατε G1492 Verb - Perfect Indicative Active - 2nd Person Plural what τί G5101 Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singular the G3588 Article - Nominative Feminine Singular Scripture γραφή G1124 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular says λέγει G3004 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular about ἐν G1722 Preposition Elijah Ἠλίᾳ G2243 Noun - Dative Masculine Singular how ὡς G5613 Adverb he appealed ἐντυγχάνει G1793 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular - τῷ G3588 Article - Dative Masculine Singular to God Θεῷ G2316 Noun - Dative Masculine Singular against κατὰ G2596 Preposition - τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular Israel Ἰσραήλ G2474 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 3

Original words

Lord Κύριε G2962 Noun - Vocative Masculine Singular they have killed ἀπέκτειναν G615 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural Your σου G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person Singular - τοὺς G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Plural prophets προφήτας G4396 Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural [and] torn down κατέσκαψαν G2679 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural Your σου G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person Singular - τὰ G3588 Article - Accusative Neuter Plural altars θυσιαστήριά G2379 Noun - Accusative Neuter Plural I κἀγὼ G2504 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 1st Person Singular [am] the only one μόνος G3441 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Singular left ὑπελείφθην G5275 Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 1st Person Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction they are seeking ζητοῦσιν G2212 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural my μου G1473 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Singular - τὴν G3588 Article - Accusative Feminine Singular life [ as well ] ψυχήν G5590 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular

BSB notes

  • 1 Kings 19:10, 14
Verse 4

Original words

[And] Ἀλλὰ G235 Conjunction what [was] τί G5101 Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singular the G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular divine reply χρηματισμός G5538 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular . . . λέγει G3004 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular to him αὐτῷ G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Singular I have reserved Κατέλιπον G2641 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular for Myself ἐμαυτῷ G1683 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 1st Person Singular seven thousand ἑπτακισχιλίους G2035 Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural men ἄνδρας G435 Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural who οἵτινες G3748 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Plural {have} not οὐκ G3756 Adverb bowed ἔκαμψαν G2578 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural [the] knee γόνυ G1119 Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular - τῇ G3588 Article - Dative Feminine Singular to Baal Βάαλ G896 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular

BSB notes

  • 1 Kings 19:18
Verse 5

Original words

In the same way Οὕτως G3779 Adverb . . . οὖν G3767 Conjunction . . . καὶ G2532 Conjunction at ἐν G1722 Preposition the τῷ G3588 Article - Dative Masculine Singular present νῦν G3568 Adverb time καιρῷ G2540 Noun - Dative Masculine Singular there is γέγονεν G1096 Verb - Perfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular a remnant λεῖμμα* G3005 Noun - Nominative Neuter Singular vvv κατ’ G2596 Preposition chosen by ἐκλογὴν G1589 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular grace χάριτος G5485 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular
Verse 6

Original words

And δὲ G1161 Conjunction if [it is] εἰ G1487 Conjunction by grace χάριτι G5485 Noun - Dative Feminine Singular [then it is] no longer οὐκέτι G3765 Adverb by ἐξ G1537 Preposition works ἔργων G2041 Noun - Genitive Neuter Plural Otherwise ἐπεὶ G1893 Conjunction - G3588 Article - Nominative Feminine Singular grace χάρις G5485 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular {would} no longer οὐκέτι G3765 Adverb be γίνεται G1096 Verb - Present Indicative Middle or Passive - 3rd Person Singular grace χάρις G5485 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular

BSB notes

  • BYZ and TR include But if it is by works, then it is no longer grace; otherwise work is no longer work.
Verse 7

Original words

What Τί G5101 Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singular then οὖν G3767 Conjunction What G3739 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singular Israel Ἰσραήλ G2474 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular was seeking ἐπιζητεῖ G1934 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular - τοῦτο G3778 Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singular vvv οὐκ G3756 Adverb it failed to obtain ἐπέτυχεν G2013 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular but δὲ G1161 Conjunction the G3588 Article - Nominative Feminine Singular elect ἐκλογὴ G1589 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular [did] ἐπέτυχεν G2013 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular - δὲ G1161 Conjunction The οἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Plural others λοιποὶ G3062 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural were hardened ἐπωρώθησαν G4456 Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Plural
Verse 8

Original words

as καθὼς* G2531 Conjunction it is written γέγραπται G1125 Verb - Perfect Indicative Middle or Passive - 3rd Person Singular - G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular God Θεὸς G2316 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular gave Ἔδωκεν G1325 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular them αὐτοῖς G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Plural a spirit πνεῦμα G4151 Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular of stupor κατανύξεως G2659 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular eyes ὀφθαλμοὺς G3788 Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural that τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Neuter Singular vvv μὴ G3361 Adverb could not see βλέπειν G991 Verb - Present Infinitive Active and καὶ G2532 Conjunction ears ὦτα G3775 Noun - Accusative Neuter Plural that τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Neuter Singular vvv μὴ G3361 Adverb could not hear ἀκούειν G191 Verb - Present Infinitive Active to ἕως G2193 Preposition - τῆς G3588 Article - Genitive Feminine Singular this very day σήμερον G4594 Adverb . . . ἡμέρας G2250 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular

BSB notes

  • See Deuteronomy 29:4 and Isaiah 29:10.
Verse 9

Original words

And Καὶ G2532 Conjunction David Δαυὶδ G1138 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular says λέγει G3004 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular {May} their αὐτῶν G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural - G3588 Article - Nominative Feminine Singular table τράπεζα G5132 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular become Γενηθήτω G1096 Verb - Aorist Imperative Passive - 3rd Person Singular . . . εἰς G1519 Preposition a snare παγίδα G3803 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction - εἰς G1519 Preposition a trap θήραν G2339 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular - καὶ G2532 Conjunction - εἰς G1519 Preposition a stumbling block σκάνδαλον G4625 Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction - εἰς G1519 Preposition a retribution ἀνταπόδομα G468 Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular to them αὐτοῖς G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Plural
Verse 10

Original words

{May} their αὐτῶν G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural - οἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Plural eyes ὀφθαλμοὶ G3788 Noun - Nominative Masculine Plural be darkened σκοτισθήτωσαν G4654 Verb - Aorist Imperative Passive - 3rd Person Plural vvv μὴ G3361 Adverb vvv τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Neuter Singular [so] they cannot see βλέπειν G991 Verb - Present Infinitive Active and καὶ G2532 Conjunction their αὐτῶν G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural - τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular backs νῶτον G3577 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular be bent σύνκαμψον G4781 Verb - Aorist Imperative Active - 2nd Person Singular vvv διὰ G1223 Preposition forever παντὸς G3956 Adjective - Genitive Masculine Singular

BSB notes

  • Psalm 69:22–23 (see also LXX)

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.