Focused Passage

Romans 5:12-21

Peace with God, Rejoicing in Grace, and Life Through the One Man Jesus Christ

Paul moves from the benefits of justification, to rejoicing in suffering because of Spirit-poured love, to assurance grounded in Christ's death for enemies, and then to the Adam-Christ contrast where grace reigns through righteousness to eternal life.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

12 Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man, and death through sin, so also death was passed on to all men, because all sinned.

13 For sin was in the world before the law was given; but sin is not taken into account when there is no law.

14 Nevertheless, death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those who did not sin in the way that Adam transgressed. He is a pattern of the One to come.

15 But the gift is not like the trespass. For if the many died by the trespass of the one man, how much more did God’s grace and the gift that came by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, abound to the many!

16 Again, the gift is not like the result of the one man’s sin: The judgment that followed one sin brought condemnation, but the gift that followed many trespasses brought justification.

17 For if, by the trespass of the one man, death reigned through that one man, how much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one man, Jesus Christ!

18 So then, just as one trespass brought condemnation for all men, so also one act of righteousness brought justification and life for all men.

19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners, so also through the obedience of the one man the many will be made righteous.

20 The law came in so that the trespass would increase; but where sin increased, grace increased all the more,

21 so that, just as sin reigned in death, so also grace might reign through righteousness to bring eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 12

Original words

Therefore Διὰ G1223 Preposition . . . τοῦτο G3778 Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singular just as ὥσπερ G5618 Adverb - G3588 Article - Nominative Feminine Singular sin ἁμαρτία G266 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular entered εἰσῆλθεν G1525 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular . . . εἰς G1519 Preposition the τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular world κόσμον G2889 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular through δι’ G1223 Preposition one ἑνὸς G1520 Adjective - Genitive Masculine Singular man ἀνθρώπου G444 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction - G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular death θάνατος G2288 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular through διὰ G1223 Preposition - τῆς G3588 Article - Genitive Feminine Singular sin ἁμαρτίας G266 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular so οὕτως G3779 Adverb also καὶ G2532 Conjunction - G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular death θάνατος G2288 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular was passed on διῆλθεν G1330 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular to εἰς G1519 Preposition all πάντας G3956 Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural men ἀνθρώπους G444 Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural because ἐφ’ G1909 Preposition . . . G3739 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Dative Neuter Singular all πάντες G3956 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural sinned ἥμαρτον G264 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural
Verse 13

Original words

For γὰρ G1063 Conjunction sin ἁμαρτία G266 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular was ἦν G1510 Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular in ἐν G1722 Preposition [the] world κόσμῳ G2889 Noun - Dative Masculine Singular before ἄχρι G891 Preposition [the] law [was given] νόμου G3551 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular but δὲ G1161 Conjunction sin ἁμαρτία G266 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular vvv οὐκ G3756 Adverb is not taken into account ἐλλογεῖται G1677 Verb - Present Indicative Middle or Passive - 3rd Person Singular when there is ὄντος G1510 Verb - Present Participle Active - Genitive Masculine Singular no μὴ G3361 Adverb law νόμου G3551 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 14

Original words

Nevertheless ἀλλὰ G235 Conjunction - G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular death θάνατος G2288 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular reigned ἐβασίλευσεν G936 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular from ἀπὸ G575 Preposition Adam Ἀδὰμ G76 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular until μέχρι G3360 Preposition Moses Μωϋσέως G3475 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular even καὶ G2532 Conjunction over ἐπὶ G1909 Preposition those who τοὺς G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Plural did not sin ἁμαρτήσαντας G264 Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Accusative Masculine Plural . . . μὴ G3361 Adverb - τῆς G3588 Article - Genitive Feminine Singular in ἐπὶ G1909 Preposition the τῷ G3588 Article - Dative Neuter Singular way that ὁμοιώματι G3667 Noun - Dative Neuter Singular Adam Ἀδάμ G76 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular transgressed παραβάσεως G3847 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular He ὅς G3739 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Singular is ἐστιν G1510 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular a pattern τύπος G5179 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular of the τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular [One] to come μέλλοντος G3195 Verb - Present Participle Active - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 15

Original words

But Ἀλλ’ G235 Conjunction the τὸ G3588 Article - Nominative Neuter Singular gift χάρισμα G5486 Noun - Nominative Neuter Singular - οὕτως G3779 Adverb - καὶ G2532 Conjunction [is] not οὐχ G3756 Adverb like ὡς G5613 Adverb the τὸ G3588 Article - Nominative Neuter Singular trespass παράπτωμα G3900 Noun - Nominative Neuter Singular For γὰρ G1063 Conjunction if εἰ G1487 Conjunction the οἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Plural many πολλοὶ G4183 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural died ἀπέθανον G599 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural by the τῷ G3588 Article - Dative Neuter Singular trespass παραπτώματι G3900 Noun - Dative Neuter Singular of the τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular one [man] ἑνὸς G1520 Adjective - Genitive Masculine Singular how much πολλῷ G4183 Adjective - Dative Neuter Singular more μᾶλλον G3123 Adverb {did} G3588 Article - Nominative Feminine Singular - τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular God’s Θεοῦ G2316 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular grace χάρις G5485 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction the G3588 Article - Nominative Feminine Singular gift δωρεὰ G1431 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular that came by ἐν G1722 Preposition [the] grace χάριτι G5485 Noun - Dative Feminine Singular - τῇ G3588 Article - Dative Feminine Singular of the τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular one ἑνὸς G1520 Adjective - Genitive Masculine Singular man ἀνθρώπου G444 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular Jesus Ἰησοῦ G2424 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular Christ Χριστοῦ G5547 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular abound ἐπερίσσευσεν G4052 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular to εἰς G1519 Preposition the τοὺς G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Plural many πολλοὺς G4183 Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural
Verse 16

Original words

Again καὶ G2532 Conjunction the τὸ G3588 Article - Nominative Neuter Singular gift δώρημα G1434 Noun - Nominative Neuter Singular [is] not οὐχ G3756 Adverb like ὡς G5613 Adverb [the result of] δι’ G1223 Preposition the one [man’s] ἑνὸς G1520 Adjective - Genitive Masculine Singular sin ἁμαρτήσαντος G264 Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Genitive Masculine Singular - γὰρ G1063 Conjunction - μὲν G3303 Conjunction The τὸ G3588 Article - Nominative Neuter Singular judgment κρίμα G2917 Noun - Nominative Neuter Singular [that followed] ἐξ G1537 Preposition one [sin] ἑνὸς G1520 Adjective - Genitive Neuter Singular [brought] εἰς G1519 Preposition condemnation κατάκριμα G2631 Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular but δὲ G1161 Conjunction the τὸ G3588 Article - Nominative Neuter Singular gift χάρισμα G5486 Noun - Nominative Neuter Singular [that followed] ἐκ G1537 Preposition many πολλῶν G4183 Adjective - Genitive Neuter Plural trespasses παραπτωμάτων G3900 Noun - Genitive Neuter Plural [brought] εἰς G1519 Preposition justification δικαίωμα G1345 Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular
Verse 17

Original words

For γὰρ G1063 Conjunction if εἰ G1487 Conjunction by the τῷ G3588 Article - Dative Neuter Singular trespass παραπτώματι G3900 Noun - Dative Neuter Singular of the τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular one [man] ἑνὸς G1520 Adjective - Genitive Masculine Singular - G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular death θάνατος G2288 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular reigned ἐβασίλευσεν G936 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular through διὰ G1223 Preposition [that] τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular one [man] ἑνός G1520 Adjective - Genitive Masculine Singular how much πολλῷ G4183 Adjective - Dative Neuter Singular more μᾶλλον G3123 Adverb {will} those who οἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Plural receive λαμβάνοντες G2983 Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural the τὴν G3588 Article - Accusative Feminine Singular abundance περισσείαν G4050 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular - τῆς G3588 Article - Genitive Feminine Singular of grace χάριτος G5485 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction of the τῆς G3588 Article - Genitive Feminine Singular gift δωρεᾶς G1431 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular - τῆς G3588 Article - Genitive Feminine Singular of righteousness δικαιοσύνης G1343 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular reign βασιλεύσουσιν G936 Verb - Future Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural in ἐν G1722 Preposition life ζωῇ G2222 Noun - Dative Feminine Singular through διὰ G1223 Preposition the τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular one man ἑνὸς G1520 Adjective - Genitive Masculine Singular Jesus Ἰησοῦ G2424 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular Christ Χριστοῦ G5547 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 18

Original words

So Ἄρα G686 Conjunction then οὖν G3767 Conjunction just as ὡς G5613 Adverb - δι’ G1223 Preposition one ἑνὸς G1520 Adjective - Genitive Neuter Singular trespass παραπτώματος G3900 Noun - Genitive Neuter Singular [brought] εἰς G1519 Preposition condemnation κατάκριμα G2631 Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular for εἰς G1519 Preposition all πάντας G3956 Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural men ἀνθρώπους G444 Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural so οὕτως G3779 Adverb also καὶ G2532 Conjunction - δι’ G1223 Preposition one ἑνὸς G1520 Adjective - Genitive Neuter Singular act of righteousness δικαιώματος G1345 Noun - Genitive Neuter Singular [brought] εἰς G1519 Preposition justification δικαίωσιν G1347 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular [and] life ζωῆς G2222 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular for εἰς G1519 Preposition all πάντας G3956 Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural men ἀνθρώπους G444 Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural
Verse 19

Original words

For just as ὥσπερ G5618 Adverb . . . γὰρ G1063 Conjunction through διὰ G1223 Preposition the τῆς G3588 Article - Genitive Feminine Singular disobedience παρακοῆς G3876 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular of the τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular one ἑνὸς G1520 Adjective - Genitive Masculine Singular man ἀνθρώπου G444 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular the οἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Plural many πολλοί G4183 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural were made κατεστάθησαν G2525 Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Plural sinners ἁμαρτωλοὶ G268 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural so οὕτως G3779 Adverb also καὶ G2532 Conjunction through διὰ G1223 Preposition the τῆς G3588 Article - Genitive Feminine Singular obedience ὑπακοῆς G5218 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular of the τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular one [man] ἑνὸς G1520 Adjective - Genitive Masculine Singular the οἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Plural many πολλοί G4183 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural will be made κατασταθήσονται G2525 Verb - Future Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Plural righteous δίκαιοι G1342 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural
Verse 20

Original words

- δὲ G1161 Conjunction [The] law Νόμος G3551 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular came in παρεισῆλθεν G3922 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular so that ἵνα G2443 Conjunction the τὸ G3588 Article - Nominative Neuter Singular trespass παράπτωμα G3900 Noun - Nominative Neuter Singular would increase πλεονάσῃ G4121 Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 3rd Person Singular but δὲ G1161 Conjunction where οὗ G3757 Adverb - G3588 Article - Nominative Feminine Singular sin ἁμαρτία G266 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular increased ἐπλεόνασεν G4121 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular - G3588 Article - Nominative Feminine Singular grace χάρις G5485 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular increased all the more ὑπερεπερίσσευσεν G5248 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular
Verse 21

Original words

so that ἵνα G2443 Conjunction just as ὥσπερ G5618 Adverb - G3588 Article - Nominative Feminine Singular sin ἁμαρτία G266 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular reigned ἐβασίλευσεν G936 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular in ἐν G1722 Preposition - τῷ G3588 Article - Dative Masculine Singular death θανάτῳ G2288 Noun - Dative Masculine Singular so οὕτως G3779 Adverb also καὶ G2532 Conjunction - G3588 Article - Nominative Feminine Singular grace χάρις G5485 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular might reign βασιλεύσῃ G936 Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 3rd Person Singular through διὰ G1223 Preposition righteousness δικαιοσύνης G1343 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular to bring εἰς G1519 Preposition eternal αἰώνιον G166 Adjective - Accusative Feminine Singular life ζωὴν G2222 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular through διὰ G1223 Preposition Jesus Ἰησοῦ G2424 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular Christ Χριστοῦ G5547 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular our ἡμῶν G1473 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Plural - τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular Lord Κυρίου G2962 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.