Focused Passage

Romans 5:12-21

Peace with God, Rejoicing in Grace, and Life Through the One Man Jesus Christ

Paul moves from the benefits of justification, to rejoicing in suffering because of Spirit-poured love, to assurance grounded in Christ's death for enemies, and then to the Adam-Christ contrast where grace reigns through righteousness to eternal life.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

12Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man, and death through sin, so also death was passed on to all men, because all sinned.

13For sin was in the world before the law was given; but sin is not taken into account when there is no law.

14Nevertheless, death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those who did not sin in the way that Adam transgressed. He is a pattern of the One to come.

15But the gift is not like the trespass. For if the many died by the trespass of the one man, how much more did God’s grace and the gift that came by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, abound to the many!

16Again, the gift is not like the result of the one man’s sin: The judgment that followed one sin brought condemnation, but the gift that followed many trespasses brought justification.

17For if, by the trespass of the one man, death reigned through that one man, how much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one man, Jesus Christ!

18So then, just as one trespass brought condemnation for all men, so also one act of righteousness brought justification and life for all men.

19For just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners, so also through the obedience of the one man the many will be made righteous.

20The law came in so that the trespass would increase; but where sin increased, grace increased all the more,

21so that, just as sin reigned in death, so also grace might reign through righteousness to bring eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 12

Original words

ThereforeΔιὰG1223Preposition. . .τοῦτοG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singularjust asὥσπερG5618Adverb-G3588Article - Nominative Feminine SingularsinἁμαρτίαG266Noun - Nominative Feminine SingularenteredεἰσῆλθενG1525Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular. . .εἰςG1519PrepositiontheτὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularworldκόσμονG2889Noun - Accusative Masculine Singularthroughδι’G1223PrepositiononeἑνὸςG1520Adjective - Genitive Masculine SingularmanἀνθρώπουG444Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularandκαὶG2532Conjunction-G3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingulardeathθάνατοςG2288Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularthroughδιὰG1223Preposition-τῆςG3588Article - Genitive Feminine SingularsinἁμαρτίαςG266Noun - Genitive Feminine SingularsoοὕτωςG3779AdverbalsoκαὶG2532Conjunction-G3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingulardeathθάνατοςG2288Noun - Nominative Masculine Singularwas passed onδιῆλθενG1330Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingulartoεἰςG1519PrepositionallπάνταςG3956Adjective - Accusative Masculine PluralmenἀνθρώπουςG444Noun - Accusative Masculine Pluralbecauseἐφ’G1909Preposition. . .G3739Personal / Relative Pronoun - Dative Neuter SingularallπάντεςG3956Adjective - Nominative Masculine PluralsinnedἥμαρτονG264Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural
Verse 13

Original words

ForγὰρG1063ConjunctionsinἁμαρτίαG266Noun - Nominative Feminine SingularwasἦνG1510Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularinἐνG1722Preposition[the] worldκόσμῳG2889Noun - Dative Masculine SingularbeforeἄχριG891Preposition[the] law [was given]νόμουG3551Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularbutδὲG1161ConjunctionsinἁμαρτίαG266Noun - Nominative Feminine SingularvvvοὐκG3756Adverbis not taken into accountἐλλογεῖταιG1677Verb - Present Indicative Middle or Passive - 3rd Person Singularwhen there isὄντοςG1510Verb - Present Participle Active - Genitive Masculine SingularnoμὴG3361AdverblawνόμουG3551Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 14

Original words

NeverthelessἀλλὰG235Conjunction-G3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingulardeathθάνατοςG2288Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularreignedἐβασίλευσενG936Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularfromἀπὸG575PrepositionAdamἈδὰμG76Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularuntilμέχριG3360PrepositionMosesΜωϋσέωςG3475Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularevenκαὶG2532ConjunctionoverἐπὶG1909Prepositionthose whoτοὺςG3588Article - Accusative Masculine Pluraldid not sinἁμαρτήσανταςG264Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Accusative Masculine Plural. . .μὴG3361Adverb-τῆςG3588Article - Genitive Feminine SingularinἐπὶG1909PrepositiontheτῷG3588Article - Dative Neuter Singularway thatὁμοιώματιG3667Noun - Dative Neuter SingularAdamἈδάμG76Noun - Genitive Masculine SingulartransgressedπαραβάσεωςG3847Noun - Genitive Feminine SingularHeὅςG3739Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine SingularisἐστινG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singulara patternτύποςG5179Noun - Nominative Masculine Singularof theτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine Singular[One] to comeμέλλοντοςG3195Verb - Present Participle Active - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 15

Original words

ButἈλλ’G235ConjunctiontheτὸG3588Article - Nominative Neuter SingulargiftχάρισμαG5486Noun - Nominative Neuter Singular-οὕτωςG3779Adverb-καὶG2532Conjunction[is] notοὐχG3756AdverblikeὡςG5613AdverbtheτὸG3588Article - Nominative Neuter SingulartrespassπαράπτωμαG3900Noun - Nominative Neuter SingularForγὰρG1063ConjunctionifεἰG1487ConjunctiontheοἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine PluralmanyπολλοὶG4183Adjective - Nominative Masculine PluraldiedἀπέθανονG599Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Pluralby theτῷG3588Article - Dative Neuter SingulartrespassπαραπτώματιG3900Noun - Dative Neuter Singularof theτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine Singularone [man]ἑνὸςG1520Adjective - Genitive Masculine Singularhow muchπολλῷG4183Adjective - Dative Neuter SingularmoreμᾶλλονG3123Adverb{did}G3588Article - Nominative Feminine Singular-τοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularGod’sΘεοῦG2316Noun - Genitive Masculine SingulargraceχάριςG5485Noun - Nominative Feminine SingularandκαὶG2532ConjunctiontheG3588Article - Nominative Feminine SingulargiftδωρεὰG1431Noun - Nominative Feminine Singularthat came byἐνG1722Preposition[the] graceχάριτιG5485Noun - Dative Feminine Singular-τῇG3588Article - Dative Feminine Singularof theτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularoneἑνὸςG1520Adjective - Genitive Masculine SingularmanἀνθρώπουG444Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularJesusἸησοῦG2424Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularChristΧριστοῦG5547Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularaboundἐπερίσσευσενG4052Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingulartoεἰςG1519PrepositiontheτοὺςG3588Article - Accusative Masculine PluralmanyπολλοὺςG4183Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural
Verse 16

Original words

AgainκαὶG2532ConjunctiontheτὸG3588Article - Nominative Neuter SingulargiftδώρημαG1434Noun - Nominative Neuter Singular[is] notοὐχG3756AdverblikeὡςG5613Adverb[the result of]δι’G1223Prepositionthe one [man’s]ἑνὸςG1520Adjective - Genitive Masculine SingularsinἁμαρτήσαντοςG264Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Genitive Masculine Singular-γὰρG1063Conjunction-μὲνG3303ConjunctionTheτὸG3588Article - Nominative Neuter SingularjudgmentκρίμαG2917Noun - Nominative Neuter Singular[that followed]ἐξG1537Prepositionone [sin]ἑνὸςG1520Adjective - Genitive Neuter Singular[brought]εἰςG1519PrepositioncondemnationκατάκριμαG2631Noun - Accusative Neuter SingularbutδὲG1161ConjunctiontheτὸG3588Article - Nominative Neuter SingulargiftχάρισμαG5486Noun - Nominative Neuter Singular[that followed]ἐκG1537PrepositionmanyπολλῶνG4183Adjective - Genitive Neuter PluraltrespassesπαραπτωμάτωνG3900Noun - Genitive Neuter Plural[brought]εἰςG1519PrepositionjustificationδικαίωμαG1345Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular
Verse 17

Original words

ForγὰρG1063ConjunctionifεἰG1487Conjunctionby theτῷG3588Article - Dative Neuter SingulartrespassπαραπτώματιG3900Noun - Dative Neuter Singularof theτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine Singularone [man]ἑνὸςG1520Adjective - Genitive Masculine Singular-G3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingulardeathθάνατοςG2288Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularreignedἐβασίλευσενG936Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularthroughδιὰG1223Preposition[that]τοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine Singularone [man]ἑνόςG1520Adjective - Genitive Masculine Singularhow muchπολλῷG4183Adjective - Dative Neuter SingularmoreμᾶλλονG3123Adverb{will} those whoοἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine PluralreceiveλαμβάνοντεςG2983Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine PluraltheτὴνG3588Article - Accusative Feminine SingularabundanceπερισσείανG4050Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular-τῆςG3588Article - Genitive Feminine Singularof graceχάριτοςG5485Noun - Genitive Feminine SingularandκαὶG2532Conjunctionof theτῆςG3588Article - Genitive Feminine SingulargiftδωρεᾶςG1431Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular-τῆςG3588Article - Genitive Feminine Singularof righteousnessδικαιοσύνηςG1343Noun - Genitive Feminine SingularreignβασιλεύσουσινG936Verb - Future Indicative Active - 3rd Person PluralinἐνG1722PrepositionlifeζωῇG2222Noun - Dative Feminine SingularthroughδιὰG1223PrepositiontheτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine Singularone manἑνὸςG1520Adjective - Genitive Masculine SingularJesusἸησοῦG2424Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularChristΧριστοῦG5547Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 18

Original words

SoἌραG686ConjunctionthenοὖνG3767Conjunctionjust asὡςG5613Adverb-δι’G1223PrepositiononeἑνὸςG1520Adjective - Genitive Neuter SingulartrespassπαραπτώματοςG3900Noun - Genitive Neuter Singular[brought]εἰςG1519PrepositioncondemnationκατάκριμαG2631Noun - Accusative Neuter SingularforεἰςG1519PrepositionallπάνταςG3956Adjective - Accusative Masculine PluralmenἀνθρώπουςG444Noun - Accusative Masculine PluralsoοὕτωςG3779AdverbalsoκαὶG2532Conjunction-δι’G1223PrepositiononeἑνὸςG1520Adjective - Genitive Neuter Singularact of righteousnessδικαιώματοςG1345Noun - Genitive Neuter Singular[brought]εἰςG1519PrepositionjustificationδικαίωσινG1347Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular[and] lifeζωῆςG2222Noun - Genitive Feminine SingularforεἰςG1519PrepositionallπάνταςG3956Adjective - Accusative Masculine PluralmenἀνθρώπουςG444Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural
Verse 19

Original words

For just asὥσπερG5618Adverb. . .γὰρG1063ConjunctionthroughδιὰG1223PrepositiontheτῆςG3588Article - Genitive Feminine SingulardisobedienceπαρακοῆςG3876Noun - Genitive Feminine Singularof theτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularoneἑνὸςG1520Adjective - Genitive Masculine SingularmanἀνθρώπουG444Noun - Genitive Masculine SingulartheοἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine PluralmanyπολλοίG4183Adjective - Nominative Masculine Pluralwere madeκατεστάθησανG2525Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person PluralsinnersἁμαρτωλοὶG268Adjective - Nominative Masculine PluralsoοὕτωςG3779AdverbalsoκαὶG2532ConjunctionthroughδιὰG1223PrepositiontheτῆςG3588Article - Genitive Feminine SingularobedienceὑπακοῆςG5218Noun - Genitive Feminine Singularof theτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine Singularone [man]ἑνὸςG1520Adjective - Genitive Masculine SingulartheοἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine PluralmanyπολλοίG4183Adjective - Nominative Masculine Pluralwill be madeκατασταθήσονταιG2525Verb - Future Indicative Passive - 3rd Person PluralrighteousδίκαιοιG1342Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural
Verse 20

Original words

-δὲG1161Conjunction[The] lawΝόμοςG3551Noun - Nominative Masculine Singularcame inπαρεισῆλθενG3922Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singularso thatἵναG2443ConjunctiontheτὸG3588Article - Nominative Neuter SingulartrespassπαράπτωμαG3900Noun - Nominative Neuter Singularwould increaseπλεονάσῃG4121Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 3rd Person SingularbutδὲG1161ConjunctionwhereοὗG3757Adverb-G3588Article - Nominative Feminine SingularsinἁμαρτίαG266Noun - Nominative Feminine SingularincreasedἐπλεόνασενG4121Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular-G3588Article - Nominative Feminine SingulargraceχάριςG5485Noun - Nominative Feminine Singularincreased all the moreὑπερεπερίσσευσενG5248Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular
Verse 21

Original words

so thatἵναG2443Conjunctionjust asὥσπερG5618Adverb-G3588Article - Nominative Feminine SingularsinἁμαρτίαG266Noun - Nominative Feminine SingularreignedἐβασίλευσενG936Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularinἐνG1722Preposition-τῷG3588Article - Dative Masculine SingulardeathθανάτῳG2288Noun - Dative Masculine SingularsoοὕτωςG3779AdverbalsoκαὶG2532Conjunction-G3588Article - Nominative Feminine SingulargraceχάριςG5485Noun - Nominative Feminine Singularmight reignβασιλεύσῃG936Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 3rd Person SingularthroughδιὰG1223PrepositionrighteousnessδικαιοσύνηςG1343Noun - Genitive Feminine Singularto bringεἰςG1519PrepositioneternalαἰώνιονG166Adjective - Accusative Feminine SingularlifeζωὴνG2222Noun - Accusative Feminine SingularthroughδιὰG1223PrepositionJesusἸησοῦG2424Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularChristΧριστοῦG5547Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularourἡμῶνG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Plural-τοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularLordΚυρίουG2962Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.