Focused Passage

Exodus 5:10-23

Pharaoh Rejects the LORD and Increases Israel’s Burdens

Moses and Aaron declare the LORD’s demand, Pharaoh rejects the LORD’s authority, Israel’s labor is intensified, the people’s officers blame Moses and Aaron, and Moses brings the crisis back to the LORD in anguished prayer.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

10So the taskmasters and foremen of the people went out and said to them, “This is what Pharaoh says: ‘I am no longer giving you straw.

11Go and get your own straw wherever you can find it; but your workload will in no way be reduced.’”

12So the people scattered all over the land of Egypt to gather stubble for straw.

13The taskmasters kept pressing them, saying, “Fulfill your quota each day, just as you did when straw was provided.”

14Then the Israelite foremen, whom Pharaoh’s taskmasters had set over the people, were beaten and asked, “Why have you not fulfilled your quota of bricks yesterday or today, as you did before?”

15So the Israelite foremen went and appealed to Pharaoh: “Why are you treating your servants this way?

16No straw has been given to your servants, yet we are told, ‘Make bricks!’ Look, your servants are being beaten, but the fault is with your own people.”

17“You are slackers!” Pharaoh replied. “Slackers! That is why you keep saying, ‘Let us go and sacrifice to the LORD.’

18Now get to work. You will be given no straw, yet you must deliver the full quota of bricks.”

19The Israelite foremen realized they were in trouble when they were told, “You must not reduce your daily quota of bricks.”

20When they left Pharaoh, they confronted Moses and Aaron, who stood waiting to meet them.

21“May the LORD look upon you and judge you,” the foremen said, “for you have made us a stench before Pharaoh and his officials; you have placed in their hand a sword to kill us!”

22So Moses returned to the LORD and asked, “Lord, why have You brought trouble upon this people? Is this why You sent me?

23Ever since I went to Pharaoh to speak in Your name, he has brought trouble on this people, and You have not delivered Your people in any way.”

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 10

Original words

So the taskmastersנֹגְשֵׂ֤יH5065Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural constructand foremenוְשֹׁ֣טְרָ֔יוH7860Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singularof the peopleהָעָם֙H5971Article | Noun - masculine singularwent outוַיֵּ֨צְא֜וּH3318Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluraland saidוַיֹּאמְר֥וּH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluraltoאֶל־H413Prepositionthemהָעָ֖םH5971Article | Noun - masculine singularThis is whatכֹּ֚הH3541Adverb. . .אָמַ֣רH559Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularPharaohפַּרְעֹ֔הH6547Noun - proper - masculine singularsaysלֵאמֹ֑רH559Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructI am no longerאֵינֶ֛נִּיH369Adverb | first person common singulargivingנֹתֵ֥ןH5414Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularyouלָכֶ֖םPreposition | second person masculine pluralstrawתֶּֽבֶן׃H8401Noun - masculine singular
Verse 11

Original words

-אַתֶּ֗םH859Pronoun - second person masculine pluralGoלְכ֨וּH1980Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluraland getקְח֤וּH3947Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluralyour ownלָכֶם֙Preposition | second person masculine pluralstrawתֶּ֔בֶןH8401Noun - masculine singularwhereverמֵאֲשֶׁ֖רH834Preposition-m | Pronoun - relativeyou can find itתִּמְצָ֑אוּH4672Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine pluralbutכִּ֣יH3588Conjunctionyour workloadמֵעֲבֹדַתְכֶ֖םH5656Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine pluralwill in no wayאֵ֥יןH369Adverbדָּבָֽר׃דָּבָֽר׃H1697Noun - masculine singularbe reducedנִגְרָ֛עH1639Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine singular
Verse 12

Original words

So the peopleהָעָ֖םH5971Article | Noun - masculine singularscatteredוַיָּ֥פֶץH6327Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularall overבְּכָל־H3605Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructthe landאֶ֣רֶץH776Noun - feminine singular constructof Egyptמִצְרָ֑יִםH4714Noun - proper - feminine singularto gatherלְקֹשֵׁ֥שׁH7197Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive constructstubbleקַ֖שׁH7179Noun - masculine singularfor strawלַתֶּֽבֶן׃H8401Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 13

Original words

The taskmastersוְהַנֹּגְשִׂ֖יםH5065Conjunctive waw, Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine pluralkept pressing themאָצִ֣יםH213Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine pluralsayingלֵאמֹ֑רH559Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructFulfillכַּלּ֤וּH3615Verb - Piel - Imperative - masculine pluralyour quotaדְּבַר־H1697Noun - masculine singular construct. . .מַעֲשֵׂיכֶם֙H4639Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine pluraleach dayי֣וֹםH3117Noun - masculine singular. . .בְּיוֹמ֔וֹH3117Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularjust as you did whenכַּאֲשֶׁ֖רH834Preposition-k | Pronoun - relativestrawהַתֶּֽבֶן׃H8401Article | Noun - masculine singularwas providedבִּהְי֥וֹתH1961Preposition-b | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Verse 14

Original words

Then the Israeliteבְּנֵ֣יH1121Noun - masculine plural construct. . .יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singularforemenשֹֽׁטְרֵי֙H7860Noun - masculine plural constructwhomאֲשֶׁר־H834Pronoun - relativePharaoh’sפַרְעֹ֖הH6547Noun - proper - masculine singulartaskmastersנֹגְשֵׂ֥יH5065Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural constructhad setשָׂ֣מוּH7760Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralover the peopleעֲלֵהֶ֔םH5921Preposition | third person masculine pluralwere beatenוַיֻּכּ֗וּH5221Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hofal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluraland askedלֵאמֹ֑רH559Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructWhyמַדּ֡וּעַH4069Interrogativehave you notלֹא֩H3808Adverb - Negative particlefulfilledכִלִּיתֶ֨םH3615Verb - Piel - Perfect - second person masculine pluralyour quotaחָקְכֶ֤םH2706Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine pluralof bricksלִלְבֹּן֙H3835Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructyesterdayכִּתְמ֣וֹלH8543Preposition-k | Adverbor todayגַּם־H1571Conjunction. . .הַיּֽוֹם׃H3117Article | Noun - masculine singularas you did beforeתְּמ֖וֹלH8543Adverb. . .גַּם־H1571Conjunction. . .שִׁלְשֹׁ֔םH8032Adverb
Verse 15

Original words

So the Israeliteבְּנֵ֣יH1121Noun - masculine plural construct. . .יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singularforemenשֹֽׁטְרֵי֙H7860Noun - masculine plural constructwentוַיָּבֹ֗אוּH935Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluraland appealedוַיִּצְעֲק֥וּH6817Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluraltoאֶל־H413PrepositionPharaohפַּרְעֹ֖הH6547Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .לֵאמֹ֑רH559Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructWhyלָ֧מָּהH4100Interrogativeare you treatingתַעֲשֶׂ֦הH6213Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singularyour servantsלַעֲבָדֶֽיךָ׃H5650Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularthis wayכֹ֖הH3541Adverb
Verse 16

Original words

Noאֵ֤יןH369Adverbstrawתֶּ֗בֶןH8401Noun - masculine singularhas been givenנִתָּן֙H5414Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine singularto your servantsלַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָH5650Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularyet we are toldאֹמְרִ֥יםH559Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural. . .לָ֖נוּPreposition | first person common pluralMakeעֲשׂ֑וּH6213Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluralbricksוּלְבֵנִ֛יםH3843Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine pluralLookוְהִנֵּ֧הH2009Conjunctive waw | Interjectionyour servantsעֲבָדֶ֛יךָH5650Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularare being beatenמֻכִּ֖יםH5221Verb - Hofal - Participle - masculine pluralbut the faultוְחָטָ֥אתH2398Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person feminine singular[is] with your own peopleעַמֶּֽךָ׃H5971Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular
Verse 17

Original words

Youאַתֶּ֖םH859Pronoun - second person masculine pluralare slackersנִרְפִּ֥יםH7503Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine pluralPharaoh repliedוַיֹּ֛אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularSlackersנִרְפִּ֑יםH7503Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine pluralThat is whyעַל־H5921Preposition. . .כֵּן֙H3651Adverbyouאַתֶּ֣םH859Pronoun - second person masculine pluralkeep sayingאֹֽמְרִ֔יםH559Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine pluralLet us goנֵלְכָ֖הH1980Verb - Qal - Imperfect Cohortative - first person common pluraland sacrificeנִזְבְּחָ֥הH2076Verb - Qal - Imperfect Cohortative - first person common pluralto the LORDלַֽיהוָֽה׃H3068Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 18

Original words

Nowוְעַתָּה֙H6258Conjunctive waw | Adverbget toלְכ֣וּH1980Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluralworkעִבְד֔וּH5647Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluralYouלָכֶ֑םPreposition | second person masculine pluralwill be givenיִנָּתֵ֣ןH5414Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularnoלֹא־H3808Adverb - Negative particlestrawוְתֶ֖בֶןH8401Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singularyet you must deliverתִּתֵּֽנּוּ׃H5414Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine pluralthe full quotaוְתֹ֥כֶןH8506Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular constructof bricksלְבֵנִ֖יםH3843Noun - feminine plural
Verse 19

Original words

The Israeliteבְנֵֽי־H1121Noun - masculine plural construct. . .יִשְׂרָאֵ֛לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singular-אֹתָ֖םH853Direct object marker | third person masculine pluralforemenשֹֽׁטְרֵ֧יH7860Noun - masculine plural constructrealizedוַיִּרְא֞וּH7200Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralthey were in troubleבְּרָ֣עH7451Preposition-b | Adjective - masculine singularwhen they were toldלֵאמֹ֑רH559Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructYou must notלֹא־H3808Adverb - Negative particlereduceתִגְרְע֥וּH1639Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine pluralyour dailyי֥וֹםH3117Noun - masculine singular. . .בְּיוֹמֽוֹ׃H3117Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularquotaדְּבַר־H1697Noun - masculine singular constructof bricksמִלִּבְנֵיכֶ֖םH3843Preposition-m | Noun - feminine plural construct | second person masculine plural
Verse 20

Original words

When they leftבְּצֵאתָ֖םH3318Preposition-b | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person masculine plural. . .מֵאֵ֥תH854Preposition-m | Direct object markerPharaohפַּרְעֹֽה׃H6547Noun - proper - masculine singularthey confrontedוַֽיִּפְגְּעוּ֙H6293Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural-אֶת־H853Direct object markerMosesמֹשֶׁ֣הH4872Noun - proper - masculine singular-וְאֶֽת־H853Conjunctive waw | Direct object markerand Aaronאַהֲרֹ֔ןH175Noun - proper - masculine singularwho stoodנִצָּבִ֖יםH5324Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine pluralwaiting to meet themלִקְרָאתָ֑םH7122Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person masculine plural
Verse 21

Original words

May the LORDיְהוָ֛הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .עֲלֵיכֶ֖םH5921Preposition | second person masculine plurallook upon youיֵ֧רֶאH7200Verb - Qal - Imperfect Jussive - third person masculine singularand judge youוְיִשְׁפֹּ֑טH8199Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine singular[the foremen] saidוַיֹּאמְר֣וּH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural. . .אֲלֵהֶ֔םH413Preposition | third person masculine pluralforאֲשֶׁ֧רH834Pronoun - relativeyou have made us a stenchהִבְאַשְׁתֶּ֣םH887Verb - Hifil - Perfect - second person masculine plural-אֶת־H853Direct object marker-רֵיחֵ֗נוּH7381Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common pluralbeforeבְּעֵינֵ֤יH5869Preposition-b | Noun - cdcPharaohפַרְעֹה֙H6547Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .וּבְעֵינֵ֣יH5869Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - cdcand his officialsעֲבָדָ֔יוH5650Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singularyou have placedלָֽתֶת־H5414Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructin their handבְּיָדָ֖םH3027Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine plurala swordחֶ֥רֶבH2719Noun - feminine singularto kill usלְהָרְגֵֽנוּ׃H2026Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | first person common plural
Verse 22

Original words

So Mosesמֹשֶׁ֛הH4872Noun - proper - masculine singularreturnedוַיָּ֧שָׁבH7725Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulartoאֶל־H413Prepositionthe LORDיְהוָ֖הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularand askedוַיֹּאמַ֑רH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularLordאֲדֹנָ֗יH136Noun - proper - masculine singularwhyלָמָ֤הH4100Interrogativehave You brought troubleהֲרֵעֹ֙תָה֙H7489Verb - Hifil - Perfect - second person masculine singularupon thisהַזֶּ֔הH2088Article | Pronoun - masculine singularpeopleלָעָ֣םH5971Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singularIs thisזֶּ֖הH2088Pronoun - masculine singularwhyלָ֥מָּהH4100InterrogativeYou sent meשְׁלַחְתָּֽנִי׃H7971Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singular | first person common singular
Verse 23

Original words

Ever sinceוּמֵאָ֞זH227Conjunctive waw, Preposition-m | AdverbI wentבָּ֤אתִיH935Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singulartoאֶל־H413PrepositionPharaohפַּרְעֹה֙H6547Noun - proper - masculine singularto speakלְדַבֵּ֣רH1696Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive constructin Your nameבִּשְׁמֶ֔ךָH8034Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularhe has brought troubleהֵרַ֖עH7489Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singularon thisהַזֶּ֑הH2088Article | Pronoun - masculine singularpeopleלָעָ֣םH5971Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singularand You have notלֹא־H3808Adverb - Negative particledeliveredוְהַצֵּ֥לH5337Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive absolute-אֶת־H853Direct object markerYour peopleעַמֶּֽךָ׃H5971Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularin any wayהִצַּ֖לְתָּH5337Verb - Hifil - Perfect - second person masculine singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.