Focused Passage

Exodus 5:10-23

Pharaoh Rejects the LORD and Increases Israel’s Burdens

Moses and Aaron declare the LORD’s demand, Pharaoh rejects the LORD’s authority, Israel’s labor is intensified, the people’s officers blame Moses and Aaron, and Moses brings the crisis back to the LORD in anguished prayer.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

10 So the taskmasters and foremen of the people went out and said to them, “This is what Pharaoh says: ‘I am no longer giving you straw.

11 Go and get your own straw wherever you can find it; but your workload will in no way be reduced.’”

12 So the people scattered all over the land of Egypt to gather stubble for straw.

13 The taskmasters kept pressing them, saying, “Fulfill your quota each day, just as you did when straw was provided.”

14 Then the Israelite foremen, whom Pharaoh’s taskmasters had set over the people, were beaten and asked, “Why have you not fulfilled your quota of bricks yesterday or today, as you did before?”

15 So the Israelite foremen went and appealed to Pharaoh: “Why are you treating your servants this way?

16 No straw has been given to your servants, yet we are told, ‘Make bricks!’ Look, your servants are being beaten, but the fault is with your own people.”

17 “You are slackers!” Pharaoh replied. “Slackers! That is why you keep saying, ‘Let us go and sacrifice to the LORD.’

18 Now get to work. You will be given no straw, yet you must deliver the full quota of bricks.”

19 The Israelite foremen realized they were in trouble when they were told, “You must not reduce your daily quota of bricks.”

20 When they left Pharaoh, they confronted Moses and Aaron, who stood waiting to meet them.

21 “May the LORD look upon you and judge you,” the foremen said, “for you have made us a stench before Pharaoh and his officials; you have placed in their hand a sword to kill us!”

22 So Moses returned to the LORD and asked, “Lord, why have You brought trouble upon this people? Is this why You sent me?

23 Ever since I went to Pharaoh to speak in Your name, he has brought trouble on this people, and You have not delivered Your people in any way.”

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 10

Original words

So the taskmasters נֹגְשֵׂ֤י H5065 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct and foremen וְשֹׁ֣טְרָ֔יו H7860 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular of the people הָעָם֙ H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular went out וַיֵּ֨צְא֜וּ H3318 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural and said וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural to אֶל־ H413 Preposition them הָעָ֖ם H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular This is what כֹּ֚ה H3541 Adverb . . . אָמַ֣ר H559 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular Pharaoh פַּרְעֹ֔ה H6547 Noun - proper - masculine singular says לֵאמֹ֑ר H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct I am no longer אֵינֶ֛נִּי H369 Adverb | first person common singular giving נֹתֵ֥ן H5414 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular you לָכֶ֖ם Preposition | second person masculine plural straw תֶּֽבֶן׃ H8401 Noun - masculine singular
Verse 11

Original words

- אַתֶּ֗ם H859 Pronoun - second person masculine plural Go לְכ֨וּ H1980 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural and get קְח֤וּ H3947 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural your own לָכֶם֙ Preposition | second person masculine plural straw תֶּ֔בֶן H8401 Noun - masculine singular wherever מֵאֲשֶׁ֖ר H834 Preposition-m | Pronoun - relative you can find it תִּמְצָ֑אוּ H4672 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural but כִּ֣י H3588 Conjunction your workload מֵעֲבֹדַתְכֶ֖ם H5656 Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine plural will in no way אֵ֥ין H369 Adverb דָּבָֽר׃ דָּבָֽר׃ H1697 Noun - masculine singular be reduced נִגְרָ֛ע H1639 Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine singular
Verse 12

Original words

So the people הָעָ֖ם H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular scattered וַיָּ֥פֶץ H6327 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular all over בְּכָל־ H3605 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct the land אֶ֣רֶץ H776 Noun - feminine singular construct of Egypt מִצְרָ֑יִם H4714 Noun - proper - feminine singular to gather לְקֹשֵׁ֥שׁ H7197 Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct stubble קַ֖שׁ H7179 Noun - masculine singular for straw לַתֶּֽבֶן׃ H8401 Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 13

Original words

The taskmasters וְהַנֹּגְשִׂ֖ים H5065 Conjunctive waw, Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural kept pressing them אָצִ֣ים H213 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural saying לֵאמֹ֑ר H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct Fulfill כַּלּ֤וּ H3615 Verb - Piel - Imperative - masculine plural your quota דְּבַר־ H1697 Noun - masculine singular construct . . . מַעֲשֵׂיכֶם֙ H4639 Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine plural each day י֣וֹם H3117 Noun - masculine singular . . . בְּיוֹמ֔וֹ H3117 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular just as you did when כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר H834 Preposition-k | Pronoun - relative straw הַתֶּֽבֶן׃ H8401 Article | Noun - masculine singular was provided בִּהְי֥וֹת H1961 Preposition-b | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Verse 14

Original words

Then the Israelite בְּנֵ֣י H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct . . . יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular foremen שֹֽׁטְרֵי֙ H7860 Noun - masculine plural construct whom אֲשֶׁר־ H834 Pronoun - relative Pharaoh’s פַרְעֹ֖ה H6547 Noun - proper - masculine singular taskmasters נֹגְשֵׂ֥י H5065 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct had set שָׂ֣מוּ H7760 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural over the people עֲלֵהֶ֔ם H5921 Preposition | third person masculine plural were beaten וַיֻּכּ֗וּ H5221 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hofal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural and asked לֵאמֹ֑ר H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct Why מַדּ֡וּעַ H4069 Interrogative have you not לֹא֩ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle fulfilled כִלִּיתֶ֨ם H3615 Verb - Piel - Perfect - second person masculine plural your quota חָקְכֶ֤ם H2706 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine plural of bricks לִלְבֹּן֙ H3835 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct yesterday כִּתְמ֣וֹל H8543 Preposition-k | Adverb or today גַּם־ H1571 Conjunction . . . הַיּֽוֹם׃ H3117 Article | Noun - masculine singular as you did before תְּמ֖וֹל H8543 Adverb . . . גַּם־ H1571 Conjunction . . . שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם H8032 Adverb
Verse 15

Original words

So the Israelite בְּנֵ֣י H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct . . . יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular foremen שֹֽׁטְרֵי֙ H7860 Noun - masculine plural construct went וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ H935 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural and appealed וַיִּצְעֲק֥וּ H6817 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural to אֶל־ H413 Preposition Pharaoh פַּרְעֹ֖ה H6547 Noun - proper - masculine singular . . . לֵאמֹ֑ר H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct Why לָ֧מָּה H4100 Interrogative are you treating תַעֲשֶׂ֦ה H6213 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular your servants לַעֲבָדֶֽיךָ׃ H5650 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular this way כֹ֖ה H3541 Adverb
Verse 16

Original words

No אֵ֤ין H369 Adverb straw תֶּ֗בֶן H8401 Noun - masculine singular has been given נִתָּן֙ H5414 Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine singular to your servants לַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ H5650 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular yet we are told אֹמְרִ֥ים H559 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural . . . לָ֖נוּ Preposition | first person common plural Make עֲשׂ֑וּ H6213 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural bricks וּלְבֵנִ֛ים H3843 Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine plural Look וְהִנֵּ֧ה H2009 Conjunctive waw | Interjection your servants עֲבָדֶ֛יךָ H5650 Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular are being beaten מֻכִּ֖ים H5221 Verb - Hofal - Participle - masculine plural but the fault וְחָטָ֥את H2398 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person feminine singular [is] with your own people עַמֶּֽךָ׃ H5971 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular
Verse 17

Original words

You אַתֶּ֖ם H859 Pronoun - second person masculine plural are slackers נִרְפִּ֥ים H7503 Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine plural Pharaoh replied וַיֹּ֛אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Slackers נִרְפִּ֑ים H7503 Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine plural That is why עַל־ H5921 Preposition . . . כֵּן֙ H3651 Adverb you אַתֶּ֣ם H859 Pronoun - second person masculine plural keep saying אֹֽמְרִ֔ים H559 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural Let us go נֵלְכָ֖ה H1980 Verb - Qal - Imperfect Cohortative - first person common plural and sacrifice נִזְבְּחָ֥ה H2076 Verb - Qal - Imperfect Cohortative - first person common plural to the LORD לַֽיהוָֽה׃ H3068 Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 18

Original words

Now וְעַתָּה֙ H6258 Conjunctive waw | Adverb get to לְכ֣וּ H1980 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural work עִבְד֔וּ H5647 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural You לָכֶ֑ם Preposition | second person masculine plural will be given יִנָּתֵ֣ן H5414 Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular no לֹא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle straw וְתֶ֖בֶן H8401 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular yet you must deliver תִּתֵּֽנּוּ׃ H5414 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural the full quota וְתֹ֥כֶן H8506 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct of bricks לְבֵנִ֖ים H3843 Noun - feminine plural
Verse 19

Original words

The Israelite בְנֵֽי־ H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct . . . יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular - אֹתָ֖ם H853 Direct object marker | third person masculine plural foremen שֹֽׁטְרֵ֧י H7860 Noun - masculine plural construct realized וַיִּרְא֞וּ H7200 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural they were in trouble בְּרָ֣ע H7451 Preposition-b | Adjective - masculine singular when they were told לֵאמֹ֑ר H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct You must not לֹא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle reduce תִגְרְע֥וּ H1639 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural your daily י֥וֹם H3117 Noun - masculine singular . . . בְּיוֹמֽוֹ׃ H3117 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular quota דְּבַר־ H1697 Noun - masculine singular construct of bricks מִלִּבְנֵיכֶ֖ם H3843 Preposition-m | Noun - feminine plural construct | second person masculine plural
Verse 20

Original words

When they left בְּצֵאתָ֖ם H3318 Preposition-b | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person masculine plural . . . מֵאֵ֥ת H854 Preposition-m | Direct object marker Pharaoh פַּרְעֹֽה׃ H6547 Noun - proper - masculine singular they confronted וַֽיִּפְגְּעוּ֙ H6293 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker Moses מֹשֶׁ֣ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular - וְאֶֽת־ H853 Conjunctive waw | Direct object marker and Aaron אַהֲרֹ֔ן H175 Noun - proper - masculine singular who stood נִצָּבִ֖ים H5324 Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine plural waiting to meet them לִקְרָאתָ֑ם H7122 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person masculine plural
Verse 21

Original words

May the LORD יְהוָ֛ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular . . . עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם H5921 Preposition | second person masculine plural look upon you יֵ֧רֶא H7200 Verb - Qal - Imperfect Jussive - third person masculine singular and judge you וְיִשְׁפֹּ֑ט H8199 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine singular [the foremen] said וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural . . . אֲלֵהֶ֔ם H413 Preposition | third person masculine plural for אֲשֶׁ֧ר H834 Pronoun - relative you have made us a stench הִבְאַשְׁתֶּ֣ם H887 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - second person masculine plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker - רֵיחֵ֗נוּ H7381 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common plural before בְּעֵינֵ֤י H5869 Preposition-b | Noun - cdc Pharaoh פַרְעֹה֙ H6547 Noun - proper - masculine singular . . . וּבְעֵינֵ֣י H5869 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - cdc and his officials עֲבָדָ֔יו H5650 Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular you have placed לָֽתֶת־ H5414 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct in their hand בְּיָדָ֖ם H3027 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine plural a sword חֶ֥רֶב H2719 Noun - feminine singular to kill us לְהָרְגֵֽנוּ׃ H2026 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | first person common plural
Verse 22

Original words

So Moses מֹשֶׁ֛ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular returned וַיָּ֧שָׁב H7725 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition the LORD יְהוָ֖ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular and asked וַיֹּאמַ֑ר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Lord אֲדֹנָ֗י H136 Noun - proper - masculine singular why לָמָ֤ה H4100 Interrogative have You brought trouble הֲרֵעֹ֙תָה֙ H7489 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - second person masculine singular upon this הַזֶּ֔ה H2088 Article | Pronoun - masculine singular people לָעָ֣ם H5971 Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singular Is this זֶּ֖ה H2088 Pronoun - masculine singular why לָ֥מָּה H4100 Interrogative You sent me שְׁלַחְתָּֽנִי׃ H7971 Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singular | first person common singular
Verse 23

Original words

Ever since וּמֵאָ֞ז H227 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-m | Adverb I went בָּ֤אתִי H935 Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition Pharaoh פַּרְעֹה֙ H6547 Noun - proper - masculine singular to speak לְדַבֵּ֣ר H1696 Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct in Your name בִּשְׁמֶ֔ךָ H8034 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular he has brought trouble הֵרַ֖ע H7489 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular on this הַזֶּ֑ה H2088 Article | Pronoun - masculine singular people לָעָ֣ם H5971 Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singular and You have not לֹא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle delivered וְהַצֵּ֥ל H5337 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive absolute - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker Your people עַמֶּֽךָ׃ H5971 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular in any way הִצַּ֖לְתָּ H5337 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - second person masculine singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.