Focused Passage

Genesis 44:1-17

Joseph Tests His Brothers Through Benjamin, and Judah Offers Himself in Substitutionary Pleading

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1 Then Joseph instructed his steward: “Fill the men’s sacks with as much food as they can carry, and put each one’s silver in the mouth of his sack.

2 Put my cup, the silver one, in the mouth of the youngest one’s sack, along with the silver for his grain.” So the steward did as Joseph had instructed.

3 At daybreak, the men were sent on their way with their donkeys.

4 They had not gone far from the city when Joseph told his steward, “Pursue the men at once, and when you overtake them, ask, ‘Why have you repaid good with evil?

5 Is this not the cup my master drinks from and uses for divination? What you have done is wicked!’”

6 When the steward overtook them, he relayed these words to them.

7 “Why does my lord say these things?” they asked. “Your servants could not possibly do such a thing.

8 We even brought back to you from the land of Canaan the silver we found in the mouths of our sacks. Why would we steal silver or gold from your master’s house?

9 If any of your servants is found to have it, he must die, and the rest will become slaves of my lord.”

10 “As you say,” replied the steward. “But only the one who is found with the cup will be my slave, and the rest of you shall be free of blame.”

11 So each one quickly lowered his sack to the ground and opened it.

12 The steward searched, beginning with the oldest and ending with the youngest—and the cup was found in Benjamin’s sack.

13 Then they all tore their clothes, loaded their donkeys, and returned to the city.

14 When Judah and his brothers arrived at Joseph’s house, he was still there, and they fell to the ground before him.

15 “What is this deed you have done?” Joseph declared. “Do you not know that a man like me can surely divine the truth?”

16 “What can we say to my lord?” Judah replied. “How can we plead? How can we justify ourselves? God has exposed the iniquity of your servants. We are now my lord’s slaves—both we and the one who was found with the cup.”

17 But Joseph replied, “Far be it from me to do this. The man who was found with the cup will be my slave. The rest of you may return to your father in peace.”

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Then Joseph instructed וַיְצַ֞ו H6680 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker his steward אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834 Pronoun - relative . . . עַל־ H5921 Preposition . . . בֵּיתוֹ֮ H1004 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular . . . לֵאמֹר֒ H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct Fill the men’s הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ H582 Article | Noun - masculine plural sacks אַמְתְּחֹ֤ת H572 Noun - feminine plural construct with מַלֵּ֞א H4390 Verb - Piel - Imperative - masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker as much food אֹ֔כֶל H400 Noun - masculine singular as כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר H834 Preposition-k | Pronoun - relative they can יוּכְל֖וּן H3201 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural | Paragogic nun carry שְׂאֵ֑ת H5375 Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct and put וְשִׂ֥ים H7760 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular each one’s אִ֖ישׁ H376 Noun - masculine singular silver כֶּֽסֶף־ H3701 Noun - masculine singular construct in the mouth בְּפִ֥י H6310 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct of his sack אַמְתַּחְתּֽוֹ׃ H572 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Verse 2

Original words

- וְאֶת־ H853 Conjunctive waw | Direct object marker Put תָּשִׂים֙ H7760 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular my cup גְּבִיעִ֞י H1375 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular the silver הַכֶּ֗סֶף H3701 Article | Noun - masculine singular one גְּבִ֣יעַ H1375 Noun - masculine singular construct in the mouth בְּפִי֙ H6310 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct of the youngest one’s הַקָּטֹ֔ן H6996 Article | Adjective - masculine singular - וְאֵ֖ת H853 Conjunctive waw | Direct object marker sack אַמְתַּ֣חַת H572 Noun - feminine singular construct along with the silver כֶּ֣סֶף H3701 Noun - masculine singular construct for his grain שִׁבְר֑וֹ H7668 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular So [the steward] did וַיַּ֕עַשׂ H6213 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . כִּדְבַ֥ר H1697 Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular construct as Joseph יוֹסֵ֖ף H3130 Noun - proper - masculine singular - אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834 Pronoun - relative had instructed דִּבֵּֽר׃ H1696 Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 3

Original words

At daybreak הַבֹּ֖קֶר H1242 Article | Noun - masculine singular . . . א֑וֹר H215 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular the men וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים H582 Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine plural were sent on their way שֻׁלְּח֔וּ H7971 Verb - Pual - Perfect - third person common plural . . . הֵ֖מָּה H1992 Pronoun - third person masculine plural with their donkeys וַחֲמֹרֵיהֶֽם׃ H2543 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural
Verse 4

Original words

They הֵ֠ם H1992 Pronoun - third person masculine plural had not לֹ֣א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle gone יָֽצְא֣וּ H3318 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker far הִרְחִיקוּ֒ H7368 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common plural from the city הָעִיר֮ H5892 Article | Noun - feminine singular when Joseph וְיוֹסֵ֤ף H3130 Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular told אָמַר֙ H559 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular his steward לַֽאֲשֶׁ֣ר H834 Preposition-l | Pronoun - relative . . . עַל־ H5921 Preposition . . . בֵּית֔וֹ H1004 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular Pursue רְדֹ֖ף H7291 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular . . . אַחֲרֵ֣י H310 Preposition the men הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֑ים H582 Article | Noun - masculine plural at once ק֥וּם H6965 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular and when you overtake them וְהִשַּׂגְתָּם֙ H5381 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular | third person masculine plural ask וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular . . . אֲלֵהֶ֔ם H413 Preposition | third person masculine plural Why לָ֛מָּה H4100 Interrogative have you repaid שִׁלַּמְתֶּ֥ם H7999 Verb - Piel - Perfect - second person masculine plural vvv תַּ֥חַת H8478 Preposition good טוֹבָֽה׃ H2896 Noun - feminine singular with evil רָעָ֖ה H7451 Adjective - feminine singular

BSB notes

  • LXX includes Why have you stolen my silver cup?
Verse 5

Original words

Is this not [the cup] הֲל֣וֹא H3808 Adverb - Negative particle . . . זֶ֗ה H2088 Pronoun - masculine singular - אֲשֶׁ֨ר H834 Pronoun - relative my master אֲדֹנִי֙ H113 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular - וְה֕וּא H1931 Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - third person masculine singular drinks from יִשְׁתֶּ֤ה H8354 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular and uses for divination נַחֵ֥שׁ H5172 Verb - Piel - Infinitive absolute . . . יְנַחֵ֖שׁ H5172 Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singular What אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834 Pronoun - relative you have done עֲשִׂיתֶֽם׃ H6213 Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine plural is wicked הֲרֵעֹתֶ֖ם H7489 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - second person masculine plural

BSB notes

  • Hebrew Is it not this which
Verse 6

Original words

When [the steward] overtook them וַֽיַּשִּׂגֵ֑ם H5381 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine plural he relayed וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר H1696 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular these הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ H428 Article | Pronoun - common plural words הַדְּבָרִ֖ים H1697 Article | Noun - masculine plural to them אֲלֵהֶ֔ם H413 Preposition | third person masculine plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker
Verse 7

Original words

Why לָ֚מָּה H4100 Interrogative does my lord אֲדֹנִ֔י H113 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular say יְדַבֵּ֣ר H1696 Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singular these הָאֵ֑לֶּה H428 Article | Pronoun - common plural things כַּדְּבָרִ֖ים H1697 Preposition-k, Article | Noun - masculine plural they asked וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural . . . אֵלָ֔יו H413 Preposition | third person masculine singular Your servants לַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ H5650 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular could not possibly חָלִ֙ילָה֙ H2486 Interjection | third person feminine singular do מֵעֲשׂ֖וֹת H6213 Preposition-m | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct such הַזֶּֽה׃ H2088 Article | Pronoun - masculine singular a thing כַּדָּבָ֥ר H1697 Preposition-k, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 8

Original words

vvv הֵ֣ן H2005 Interjection We even brought back הֱשִׁיבֹ֥נוּ H7725 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - first person common plural to you אֵלֶ֖יךָ H413 Preposition | second person masculine singular from the land מֵאֶ֣רֶץ H776 Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct of Canaan כְּנָ֑עַן H3667 Noun - proper - masculine singular the silver כֶּ֗סֶף H3701 Noun - masculine singular - אֲשֶׁ֤ר H834 Pronoun - relative we found מָצָ֙אנוּ֙ H4672 Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common plural in the mouths בְּפִ֣י H6310 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct of our sacks אַמְתְּחֹתֵ֔ינוּ H572 Noun - feminine plural construct | first person common plural Why וְאֵ֗יךְ H349 Conjunctive waw | Interjection would we steal נִגְנֹב֙ H1589 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common plural silver כֶּ֖סֶף H3701 Noun - masculine singular or א֥וֹ H176 Conjunction gold זָהָֽב׃ H2091 Noun - masculine singular from your master’s אֲדֹנֶ֔יךָ H113 Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular house מִבֵּ֣ית H1004 Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct
Verse 9

Original words

If any אֲשֶׁ֨ר H834 Pronoun - relative of your servants מֵעֲבָדֶ֖יךָ H5650 Preposition-m | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular is found יִמָּצֵ֥א H4672 Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular to have it אִתּ֛וֹ H854 Preposition | third person masculine singular he must die וָמֵ֑ת H4191 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular and the rest אֲנַ֕חְנוּ H587 Pronoun - first person common plural . . . וְגַם־ H1571 Conjunction will become נִֽהְיֶ֥ה H1961 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common plural slaves לַעֲבָדִֽים׃ H5650 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural of my lord לַֽאדֹנִ֖י H113 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular
Verse 10

Original words

vvv גַּם־ H1571 Conjunction vvv עַתָּ֥ה H6258 Adverb As you say כְדִבְרֵיכֶ֖ם H1697 Preposition-k | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine plural replied the steward וַיֹּ֕אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . כֶּן־ H3651 Adverb But only the one ה֑וּא H1931 Pronoun - third person masculine singular who אֲשֶׁ֨ר H834 Pronoun - relative is found יִמָּצֵ֤א H4672 Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular with [the cup] אִתּוֹ֙ H854 Preposition | third person masculine singular will be יִהְיֶה־ H1961 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular my לִּ֣י Preposition | first person common singular slave עָ֔בֶד H5650 Noun - masculine singular and the rest of you וְאַתֶּ֖ם H859 Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - second person masculine plural shall be תִּהְי֥וּ H1961 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural free of blame נְקִיִּֽם׃ H5355 Adjective - masculine plural
Verse 11

Original words

So each אִ֥ישׁ H376 Noun - masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker one quickly וַֽיְמַהֲר֗וּ H4116 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural lowered וַיּוֹרִ֛דוּ H3381 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural his sack אַמְתַּחְתּ֖וֹ H572 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular to the ground אָ֑רְצָה H776 Noun - feminine singular | third person feminine singular and opened וַֽיִּפְתְּח֖וּ H6605 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural . . . אִ֥ישׁ H376 Noun - masculine singular it אַמְתַּחְתּֽוֹ׃ H572 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Verse 12

Original words

The steward searched וַיְחַפֵּ֕שׂ H2664 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular beginning הֵחֵ֔ל H2490 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular with the oldest בַּגָּד֣וֹל H1419 Preposition-b, Article | Adjective - masculine singular and ending כִּלָּ֑ה H3615 Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular with the youngest וּבַקָּטֹ֖ן H6996 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b, Article | Adjective - masculine singular and the cup הַגָּבִ֔יעַ H1375 Article | Noun - masculine singular was found וַיִּמָּצֵא֙ H4672 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular in Benjamin’s בִּנְיָמִֽן׃ H1144 Noun - proper - masculine singular sack בְּאַמְתַּ֖חַת H572 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct
Verse 13

Original words

Then they all tore וַֽיִּקְרְע֖וּ H7167 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural their clothes שִׂמְלֹתָ֑ם H8071 Noun - feminine plural construct | third person masculine plural - אִ֣ישׁ H376 Noun - masculine singular - עַל־ H5921 Preposition loaded וַֽיַּעֲמֹס֙ H6006 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular their donkeys חֲמֹר֔וֹ H2543 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular and returned וַיָּשֻׁ֖בוּ H7725 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural to the city הָעִֽירָה׃ H5892 Article | Noun - feminine singular | third person feminine singular
Verse 14

Original words

When Judah יְהוּדָ֤ה H3063 Noun - proper - masculine singular and his brothers וְאֶחָיו֙ H251 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular arrived at וַיָּבֹ֨א H935 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Joseph’s יוֹסֵ֔ף H3130 Noun - proper - masculine singular house בֵּ֣יתָה H1004 Noun - masculine singular | third person feminine singular he וְה֖וּא H1931 Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - third person masculine singular was still עוֹדֶ֣נּוּ H5750 Adverb | third person masculine singular there שָׁ֑ם H8033 Adverb and they fell וַיִּפְּל֥וּ H5307 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural to the ground אָֽרְצָה׃ H776 Noun - feminine singular | third person feminine singular before him לְפָנָ֖יו H6440 Preposition-l | Noun - common plural construct | third person masculine singular
Verse 15

Original words

What מָֽה־ H4100 Interrogative is this הַזֶּ֖ה H2088 Article | Pronoun - masculine singular deed הַמַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה H4639 Article | Noun - masculine singular - אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834 Pronoun - relative you have done עֲשִׂיתֶ֑ם H6213 Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine plural Joseph יוֹסֵ֔ף H3130 Noun - proper - masculine singular declared וַיֹּ֤אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Do you not הֲל֣וֹא H3808 Adverb - Negative particle know יְדַעְתֶּ֔ם H3045 Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine plural that כִּֽי־ H3588 Conjunction a man אִ֖ישׁ H376 Noun - masculine singular - אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834 Pronoun - relative like me כָּמֹֽנִי׃ H3644 Preposition | first person common singular can surely divine the truth נַחֵ֧שׁ H5172 Verb - Piel - Infinitive absolute . . . יְנַחֵ֛שׁ H5172 Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 16

Original words

What מַה־ H4100 Interrogative can we say וַיֹּ֣אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to my lord לַֽאדֹנִ֔י H113 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular Judah יְהוּדָ֗ה H3063 Noun - proper - masculine singular replied נֹּאמַר֙ H559 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common plural How מַה־ H4100 Interrogative can we plead נְּדַבֵּ֖ר H1696 Verb - Piel - Imperfect - first person common plural How וּמַה־ H4100 Conjunctive waw | Interrogative can we justify ourselves נִּצְטַדָּ֑ק H6663 Verb - Hitpael - Imperfect - first person common plural God הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים H430 Article | Noun - masculine plural has exposed מָצָא֙ H4672 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker the iniquity עֲוֺ֣ן H5771 Noun - common singular construct of your servants עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ H5650 Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular We are now הִנֶּנּ֤וּ H2005 Interjection | third person masculine singular my lord’s לַֽאדֹנִ֔י H113 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular slaves עֲבָדִים֙ H5650 Noun - masculine plural both גַּם־ H1571 Conjunction we אֲנַ֕חְנוּ H587 Pronoun - first person common plural and גַּ֛ם H1571 Conjunction the one אֲשֶׁר־ H834 Pronoun - relative who was found נִמְצָ֥א H4672 Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person masculine singular with בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ H3027 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular the cup הַגָּבִ֖יעַ H1375 Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 17

Original words

But Joseph replied וַיֹּ֕אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Far be it חָלִ֣ילָה H2486 Interjection | third person feminine singular from me לִּ֔י Preposition | first person common singular to do מֵעֲשׂ֖וֹת H6213 Preposition-m | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct this זֹ֑את H2063 Pronoun - feminine singular The man הָאִ֡ישׁ H376 Article | Noun - masculine singular who אֲשֶׁר֩ H834 Pronoun - relative was found נִמְצָ֨א H4672 Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person masculine singular with בְּיָד֗וֹ H3027 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular . . . ה֚וּא H1931 Pronoun - third person masculine singular the cup הַגָּבִ֜יעַ H1375 Article | Noun - masculine singular will be יִהְיֶה־ H1961 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular my לִּ֣י Preposition | first person common singular slave עָ֔בֶד H5650 Noun - masculine singular The rest of you וְאַתֶּ֕ם H859 Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - second person masculine plural may return עֲל֥וּ H5927 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural to אֶל־ H413 Preposition your father אֲבִיכֶֽם׃פ H1 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine plural in peace לְשָׁל֖וֹם H7965 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.