Focused Passage

Genesis 44:1-17

Joseph Tests His Brothers Through Benjamin, and Judah Offers Himself in Substitutionary Pleading

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1Then Joseph instructed his steward: “Fill the men’s sacks with as much food as they can carry, and put each one’s silver in the mouth of his sack.

2Put my cup, the silver one, in the mouth of the youngest one’s sack, along with the silver for his grain.” So the steward did as Joseph had instructed.

3At daybreak, the men were sent on their way with their donkeys.

4They had not gone far from the city when Joseph told his steward, “Pursue the men at once, and when you overtake them, ask, ‘Why have you repaid good with evil?

5Is this not the cup my master drinks from and uses for divination? What you have done is wicked!’”

6When the steward overtook them, he relayed these words to them.

7“Why does my lord say these things?” they asked. “Your servants could not possibly do such a thing.

8We even brought back to you from the land of Canaan the silver we found in the mouths of our sacks. Why would we steal silver or gold from your master’s house?

9If any of your servants is found to have it, he must die, and the rest will become slaves of my lord.”

10“As you say,” replied the steward. “But only the one who is found with the cup will be my slave, and the rest of you shall be free of blame.”

11So each one quickly lowered his sack to the ground and opened it.

12The steward searched, beginning with the oldest and ending with the youngest—and the cup was found in Benjamin’s sack.

13Then they all tore their clothes, loaded their donkeys, and returned to the city.

14When Judah and his brothers arrived at Joseph’s house, he was still there, and they fell to the ground before him.

15“What is this deed you have done?” Joseph declared. “Do you not know that a man like me can surely divine the truth?”

16“What can we say to my lord?” Judah replied. “How can we plead? How can we justify ourselves? God has exposed the iniquity of your servants. We are now my lord’s slaves—both we and the one who was found with the cup.”

17But Joseph replied, “Far be it from me to do this. The man who was found with the cup will be my slave. The rest of you may return to your father in peace.”

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Then Joseph instructedוַיְצַ֞וH6680Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerhis stewardאֲשֶׁ֣רH834Pronoun - relative. . .עַל־H5921Preposition. . .בֵּיתוֹ֮H1004Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular. . .לֵאמֹר֒H559Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructFill the men’sהָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙H582Article | Noun - masculine pluralsacksאַמְתְּחֹ֤תH572Noun - feminine plural constructwithמַלֵּ֞אH4390Verb - Piel - Imperative - masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markeras much foodאֹ֔כֶלH400Noun - masculine singularasכַּאֲשֶׁ֥רH834Preposition-k | Pronoun - relativethey canיוּכְל֖וּןH3201Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural | Paragogic nuncarryשְׂאֵ֑תH5375Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructand putוְשִׂ֥יםH7760Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singulareach one’sאִ֖ישׁH376Noun - masculine singularsilverכֶּֽסֶף־H3701Noun - masculine singular constructin the mouthבְּפִ֥יH6310Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructof his sackאַמְתַּחְתּֽוֹ׃H572Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Verse 2

Original words

-וְאֶת־H853Conjunctive waw | Direct object markerPutתָּשִׂים֙H7760Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singularmy cupגְּבִיעִ֞יH1375Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularthe silverהַכֶּ֗סֶףH3701Article | Noun - masculine singularoneגְּבִ֣יעַH1375Noun - masculine singular constructin the mouthבְּפִי֙H6310Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructof the youngest one’sהַקָּטֹ֔ןH6996Article | Adjective - masculine singular-וְאֵ֖תH853Conjunctive waw | Direct object markersackאַמְתַּ֣חַתH572Noun - feminine singular constructalong with the silverכֶּ֣סֶףH3701Noun - masculine singular constructfor his grainשִׁבְר֑וֹH7668Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularSo [the steward] didוַיַּ֕עַשׂH6213Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .כִּדְבַ֥רH1697Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular constructas Josephיוֹסֵ֖ףH3130Noun - proper - masculine singular-אֲשֶׁ֥רH834Pronoun - relativehad instructedדִּבֵּֽר׃H1696Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 3

Original words

At daybreakהַבֹּ֖קֶרH1242Article | Noun - masculine singular. . .א֑וֹרH215Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularthe menוְהָאֲנָשִׁ֣יםH582Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine pluralwere sent on their wayשֻׁלְּח֔וּH7971Verb - Pual - Perfect - third person common plural. . .הֵ֖מָּהH1992Pronoun - third person masculine pluralwith their donkeysוַחֲמֹרֵיהֶֽם׃H2543Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural
Verse 4

Original words

Theyהֵ֠םH1992Pronoun - third person masculine pluralhad notלֹ֣אH3808Adverb - Negative particlegoneיָֽצְא֣וּH3318Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural-אֶת־H853Direct object markerfarהִרְחִיקוּ֒H7368Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common pluralfrom the cityהָעִיר֮H5892Article | Noun - feminine singularwhen Josephוְיוֹסֵ֤ףH3130Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singulartoldאָמַר֙H559Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularhis stewardלַֽאֲשֶׁ֣רH834Preposition-l | Pronoun - relative. . .עַל־H5921Preposition. . .בֵּית֔וֹH1004Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularPursueרְדֹ֖ףH7291Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular. . .אַחֲרֵ֣יH310Prepositionthe menהָֽאֲנָשִׁ֑יםH582Article | Noun - masculine pluralat onceק֥וּםH6965Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singularand when you overtake themוְהִשַּׂגְתָּם֙H5381Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular | third person masculine pluralaskוְאָמַרְתָּ֣H559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular. . .אֲלֵהֶ֔םH413Preposition | third person masculine pluralWhyלָ֛מָּהH4100Interrogativehave you repaidשִׁלַּמְתֶּ֥םH7999Verb - Piel - Perfect - second person masculine pluralvvvתַּ֥חַתH8478Prepositiongoodטוֹבָֽה׃H2896Noun - feminine singularwith evilרָעָ֖הH7451Adjective - feminine singular

BSB notes

  • LXX includes Why have you stolen my silver cup?
Verse 5

Original words

Is this not [the cup]הֲל֣וֹאH3808Adverb - Negative particle. . .זֶ֗הH2088Pronoun - masculine singular-אֲשֶׁ֨רH834Pronoun - relativemy masterאֲדֹנִי֙H113Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular-וְה֕וּאH1931Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - third person masculine singulardrinks fromיִשְׁתֶּ֤הH8354Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularand uses for divinationנַחֵ֥שׁH5172Verb - Piel - Infinitive absolute. . .יְנַחֵ֖שׁH5172Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singularWhatאֲשֶׁ֥רH834Pronoun - relativeyou have doneעֲשִׂיתֶֽם׃H6213Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine pluralis wickedהֲרֵעֹתֶ֖םH7489Verb - Hifil - Perfect - second person masculine plural

BSB notes

  • Hebrew Is it not this which
Verse 6

Original words

When [the steward] overtook themוַֽיַּשִּׂגֵ֑םH5381Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine pluralhe relayedוַיְדַבֵּ֣רH1696Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulartheseהָאֵֽלֶּה׃H428Article | Pronoun - common pluralwordsהַדְּבָרִ֖יםH1697Article | Noun - masculine pluralto themאֲלֵהֶ֔םH413Preposition | third person masculine plural-אֶת־H853Direct object marker
Verse 7

Original words

Whyלָ֚מָּהH4100Interrogativedoes my lordאֲדֹנִ֔יH113Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularsayיְדַבֵּ֣רH1696Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singulartheseהָאֵ֑לֶּהH428Article | Pronoun - common pluralthingsכַּדְּבָרִ֖יםH1697Preposition-k, Article | Noun - masculine pluralthey askedוַיֹּאמְר֣וּH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural. . .אֵלָ֔יוH413Preposition | third person masculine singularYour servantsלַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָH5650Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularcould not possiblyחָלִ֙ילָה֙H2486Interjection | third person feminine singulardoמֵעֲשׂ֖וֹתH6213Preposition-m | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructsuchהַזֶּֽה׃H2088Article | Pronoun - masculine singulara thingכַּדָּבָ֥רH1697Preposition-k, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 8

Original words

vvvהֵ֣ןH2005InterjectionWe even brought backהֱשִׁיבֹ֥נוּH7725Verb - Hifil - Perfect - first person common pluralto youאֵלֶ֖יךָH413Preposition | second person masculine singularfrom the landמֵאֶ֣רֶץH776Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular constructof Canaanכְּנָ֑עַןH3667Noun - proper - masculine singularthe silverכֶּ֗סֶףH3701Noun - masculine singular-אֲשֶׁ֤רH834Pronoun - relativewe foundמָצָ֙אנוּ֙H4672Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common pluralin the mouthsבְּפִ֣יH6310Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructof our sacksאַמְתְּחֹתֵ֔ינוּH572Noun - feminine plural construct | first person common pluralWhyוְאֵ֗יךְH349Conjunctive waw | Interjectionwould we stealנִגְנֹב֙H1589Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common pluralsilverכֶּ֖סֶףH3701Noun - masculine singularorא֥וֹH176Conjunctiongoldזָהָֽב׃H2091Noun - masculine singularfrom your master’sאֲדֹנֶ֔יךָH113Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularhouseמִבֵּ֣יתH1004Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct
Verse 9

Original words

If anyאֲשֶׁ֨רH834Pronoun - relativeof your servantsמֵעֲבָדֶ֖יךָH5650Preposition-m | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularis foundיִמָּצֵ֥אH4672Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularto have itאִתּ֛וֹH854Preposition | third person masculine singularhe must dieוָמֵ֑תH4191Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularand the restאֲנַ֕חְנוּH587Pronoun - first person common plural. . .וְגַם־H1571Conjunctionwill becomeנִֽהְיֶ֥הH1961Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common pluralslavesלַעֲבָדִֽים׃H5650Preposition-l | Noun - masculine pluralof my lordלַֽאדֹנִ֖יH113Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular
Verse 10

Original words

vvvגַּם־H1571Conjunctionvvvעַתָּ֥הH6258AdverbAs you sayכְדִבְרֵיכֶ֖םH1697Preposition-k | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine pluralreplied the stewardוַיֹּ֕אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .כֶּן־H3651AdverbBut only the oneה֑וּאH1931Pronoun - third person masculine singularwhoאֲשֶׁ֨רH834Pronoun - relativeis foundיִמָּצֵ֤אH4672Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularwith [the cup]אִתּוֹ֙H854Preposition | third person masculine singularwill beיִהְיֶה־H1961Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularmyלִּ֣יPreposition | first person common singularslaveעָ֔בֶדH5650Noun - masculine singularand the rest of youוְאַתֶּ֖םH859Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - second person masculine pluralshall beתִּהְי֥וּH1961Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine pluralfree of blameנְקִיִּֽם׃H5355Adjective - masculine plural
Verse 11

Original words

So eachאִ֥ישׁH376Noun - masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerone quicklyוַֽיְמַהֲר֗וּH4116Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralloweredוַיּוֹרִ֛דוּH3381Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralhis sackאַמְתַּחְתּ֖וֹH572Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singularto the groundאָ֑רְצָהH776Noun - feminine singular | third person feminine singularand openedוַֽיִּפְתְּח֖וּH6605Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural. . .אִ֥ישׁH376Noun - masculine singularitאַמְתַּחְתּֽוֹ׃H572Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Verse 12

Original words

The steward searchedוַיְחַפֵּ֕שׂH2664Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularbeginningהֵחֵ֔לH2490Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singularwith the oldestבַּגָּד֣וֹלH1419Preposition-b, Article | Adjective - masculine singularand endingכִּלָּ֑הH3615Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singularwith the youngestוּבַקָּטֹ֖ןH6996Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b, Article | Adjective - masculine singularand the cupהַגָּבִ֔יעַH1375Article | Noun - masculine singularwas foundוַיִּמָּצֵא֙H4672Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularin Benjamin’sבִּנְיָמִֽן׃H1144Noun - proper - masculine singularsackבְּאַמְתַּ֖חַתH572Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct
Verse 13

Original words

Then they all toreוַֽיִּקְרְע֖וּH7167Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluraltheir clothesשִׂמְלֹתָ֑םH8071Noun - feminine plural construct | third person masculine plural-אִ֣ישׁH376Noun - masculine singular-עַל־H5921Prepositionloadedוַֽיַּעֲמֹס֙H6006Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulartheir donkeysחֲמֹר֔וֹH2543Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularand returnedוַיָּשֻׁ֖בוּH7725Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralto the cityהָעִֽירָה׃H5892Article | Noun - feminine singular | third person feminine singular
Verse 14

Original words

When Judahיְהוּדָ֤הH3063Noun - proper - masculine singularand his brothersוְאֶחָיו֙H251Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singulararrived atוַיָּבֹ֨אH935Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularJoseph’sיוֹסֵ֔ףH3130Noun - proper - masculine singularhouseבֵּ֣יתָהH1004Noun - masculine singular | third person feminine singularheוְה֖וּאH1931Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - third person masculine singularwas stillעוֹדֶ֣נּוּH5750Adverb | third person masculine singularthereשָׁ֑םH8033Adverband they fellוַיִּפְּל֥וּH5307Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralto the groundאָֽרְצָה׃H776Noun - feminine singular | third person feminine singularbefore himלְפָנָ֖יוH6440Preposition-l | Noun - common plural construct | third person masculine singular
Verse 15

Original words

Whatמָֽה־H4100Interrogativeis thisהַזֶּ֖הH2088Article | Pronoun - masculine singulardeedהַמַּעֲשֶׂ֥הH4639Article | Noun - masculine singular-אֲשֶׁ֣רH834Pronoun - relativeyou have doneעֲשִׂיתֶ֑םH6213Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine pluralJosephיוֹסֵ֔ףH3130Noun - proper - masculine singulardeclaredוַיֹּ֤אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularDo you notהֲל֣וֹאH3808Adverb - Negative particleknowיְדַעְתֶּ֔םH3045Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine pluralthatכִּֽי־H3588Conjunctiona manאִ֖ישׁH376Noun - masculine singular-אֲשֶׁ֥רH834Pronoun - relativelike meכָּמֹֽנִי׃H3644Preposition | first person common singularcan surely divine the truthנַחֵ֧שׁH5172Verb - Piel - Infinitive absolute. . .יְנַחֵ֛שׁH5172Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 16

Original words

Whatמַה־H4100Interrogativecan we sayוַיֹּ֣אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularto my lordלַֽאדֹנִ֔יH113Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularJudahיְהוּדָ֗הH3063Noun - proper - masculine singularrepliedנֹּאמַר֙H559Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common pluralHowמַה־H4100Interrogativecan we pleadנְּדַבֵּ֖רH1696Verb - Piel - Imperfect - first person common pluralHowוּמַה־H4100Conjunctive waw | Interrogativecan we justify ourselvesנִּצְטַדָּ֑קH6663Verb - Hitpael - Imperfect - first person common pluralGodהָאֱלֹהִ֗יםH430Article | Noun - masculine pluralhas exposedמָצָא֙H4672Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerthe iniquityעֲוֺ֣ןH5771Noun - common singular constructof your servantsעֲבָדֶ֔יךָH5650Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularWe are nowהִנֶּנּ֤וּH2005Interjection | third person masculine singularmy lord’sלַֽאדֹנִ֔יH113Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularslavesעֲבָדִים֙H5650Noun - masculine pluralbothגַּם־H1571Conjunctionweאֲנַ֕חְנוּH587Pronoun - first person common pluralandגַּ֛םH1571Conjunctionthe oneאֲשֶׁר־H834Pronoun - relativewho was foundנִמְצָ֥אH4672Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person masculine singularwithבְּיָדֽוֹ׃H3027Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singularthe cupהַגָּבִ֖יעַH1375Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 17

Original words

But Joseph repliedוַיֹּ֕אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularFar be itחָלִ֣ילָהH2486Interjection | third person feminine singularfrom meלִּ֔יPreposition | first person common singularto doמֵעֲשׂ֖וֹתH6213Preposition-m | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructthisזֹ֑אתH2063Pronoun - feminine singularThe manהָאִ֡ישׁH376Article | Noun - masculine singularwhoאֲשֶׁר֩H834Pronoun - relativewas foundנִמְצָ֨אH4672Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person masculine singularwithבְּיָד֗וֹH3027Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular. . .ה֚וּאH1931Pronoun - third person masculine singularthe cupהַגָּבִ֜יעַH1375Article | Noun - masculine singularwill beיִהְיֶה־H1961Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularmyלִּ֣יPreposition | first person common singularslaveעָ֔בֶדH5650Noun - masculine singularThe rest of youוְאַתֶּ֕םH859Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - second person masculine pluralmay returnעֲל֥וּH5927Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluraltoאֶל־H413Prepositionyour fatherאֲבִיכֶֽם׃פH1Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine pluralin peaceלְשָׁל֖וֹםH7965Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular

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