Focused Passage

Mark 12:1-12

The Rejected Son, the Greatest Commandment, the Lord of David, and the Widow’s Offering

Mark 12 moves from the parable of the murderous tenants to hostile questions about taxes, resurrection, and the greatest commandment, then to Jesus' question about the Messiah as David's Lord, his warning against scribal hypocrisy, and his commendation of the poor widow's whole-life offering.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1Then Jesus began to speak to them in parables: “A man planted a vineyard. He put a wall around it, dug a wine vat, and built a watchtower. Then he rented it out to some tenants and went away on a journey.

2At harvest time, he sent a servant to the tenants to collect his share of the fruit of the vineyard.

3But they seized the servant, beat him, and sent him away empty-handed.

4Then he sent them another servant, and they struck him over the head and treated him shamefully.

5He sent still another, and this one they killed. He sent many others; some they beat and others they killed.

6Finally, having one beloved son, he sent him to them. ‘They will respect my son,’ he said.

7But the tenants said to one another, ‘This is the heir. Come, let us kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’

8So they seized the son, killed him, and threw him out of the vineyard.

9What then will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and kill those tenants and give the vineyard to others.

10Have you never read this Scripture: ‘The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone.

11This is from the Lord, and it is marvelous in our eyes’?”

12At this, the leaders sought to arrest Jesus, for they knew that He had spoken this parable against them. But fearing the crowd, they left Him and went away.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

ThenΚαὶG2532Conjunction[Jesus] beganἤρξατοG756Verb - Aorist Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Singularto speakλαλεῖνG2980Verb - Present Infinitive Activeto themαὐτοῖςG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person PluralinἐνG1722PrepositionparablesπαραβολαῖςG3850Noun - Dative Feminine PluralA manἄνθρωποςG444Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularplantedἐφύτευσενG5452Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singulara vineyardἈμπελῶναG290Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular-καὶG2532ConjunctionHe putπεριέθηκενG4060Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singulara wall {around it}φραγμὸνG5418Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular-καὶG2532ConjunctiondugὤρυξενG3736Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singulara wine vatὑπολήνιονG5276Noun - Accusative Neuter SingularandκαὶG2532ConjunctionbuiltᾠκοδόμησενG3618Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singulara watchtowerπύργονG4444Noun - Accusative Masculine SingularThenκαὶG2532Conjunctionhe rented it outἐξέδετοG1554Verb - Aorist Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Singular. . .αὐτὸνG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Singularto [some] tenantsγεωργοῖςG1092Noun - Dative Masculine PluralandκαὶG2532Conjunctionwent away on a journeyἀπεδήμησενG589Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular
Verse 2

Original words

-ΚαὶG2532Conjunction-τῷG3588Article - Dative Masculine SingularAt harvest timeκαιρῷG2540Noun - Dative Masculine Singularhe sentἀπέστειλενG649Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singulara servantδοῦλονG1401Noun - Accusative Masculine SingulartoπρὸςG4314PrepositiontheτοὺςG3588Article - Accusative Masculine PluraltenantsγεωργοὺςG1092Noun - Accusative Masculine PluraltoἵναG2443ConjunctioncollectλάβῃG2983Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 3rd Person Singular-παρὰG3844Preposition-τῶνG3588Article - Genitive Masculine Plural-γεωργῶνG1092Noun - Genitive Masculine Plural[his share] ofἀπὸG575PrepositiontheτῶνG3588Article - Genitive Masculine PluralfruitκαρπῶνG2590Noun - Genitive Masculine Pluralof theτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularvineyardἀμπελῶνοςG290Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 3

Original words

ButκαὶG2532Conjunctionthey seizedλαβόντεςG2983Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural[the servant]αὐτὸνG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Singularbeat [him]ἔδειρανG1194Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person PluralandκαὶG2532Conjunctionsent [him] awayἀπέστειλανG649Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Pluralempty-handedκενόνG2756Adjective - Accusative Masculine Singular
Verse 4

Original words

ThenΚαὶG2532Conjunction-πάλινG3825Adverbhe sentἀπέστειλενG649Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular-πρὸςG4314PrepositionthemαὐτοὺςG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person PluralanotherἄλλονG243Adjective - Accusative Masculine SingularservantδοῦλονG1401Noun - Accusative Masculine SingularandκἀκεῖνονG2548Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Singularthey struck {him} over the headἐκεφαλίωσανG2775Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person PluralandκαὶG2532Conjunctiontreated [him] shamefullyἠτίμασανG818Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural
Verse 5

Original words

-καὶG2532ConjunctionHe sentἀπέστειλενG649Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singularstill anotherἄλλονG243Adjective - Accusative Masculine Singularand this oneκἀκεῖνονG2548Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Singularthey killedἀπέκτεινανG615Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural[He sent]καὶG2532ConjunctionmanyπολλοὺςG4183Adjective - Accusative Masculine PluralothersἄλλουςG243Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural-μὲνG3303ConjunctionsomeοὓςG3739Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Pluralthey beatδέροντεςG1194Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine PluralandδὲG1161Conjunction[others]οὓςG3739Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Pluralthey killedἀποκτέννοντεςG615Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural
Verse 6

Original words

vvvἜτιG2089AdverbFinallyἔσχατονG2078Adjective - Accusative Masculine SingularhavingεἶχενG2192Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularoneἕναG1520Adjective - Accusative Masculine SingularbelovedἀγαπητόνG27Adjective - Accusative Masculine SingularsonυἱὸνG5207Noun - Accusative Masculine Singularhe sentἀπέστειλενG649Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularhimαὐτὸνG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person SingulartoπρὸςG4314PrepositionthemαὐτοὺςG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person PluralThey will respectἘντραπήσονταιG1788Verb - Future Indicative Passive - 3rd Person PluralmyμουG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Singular-τὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularsonυἱόνG5207Noun - Accusative Masculine Singularhe saidλέγωνG3004Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Singular-ὅτιG3754Conjunction
Verse 7

Original words

ButδὲG1161Conjunction[the]ἘκεῖνοιG1565Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Plural-οἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine PluraltenantsγεωργοὶG1092Noun - Nominative Masculine PluralsaidεἶπανG2036Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person PluraltoπρὸςG4314Prepositionone anotherἑαυτοὺςG1438Reflexive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Plural-ὅτιG3754ConjunctionThisΟὗτόςG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine SingularisἐστινG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingulartheG3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingularheirκληρονόμοςG2818Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularComeδεῦτεG1205Verb - Imperative - 2nd Person Plurallet us killἀποκτείνωμενG615Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 1st Person PluralhimαὐτόνG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person SingularandκαὶG2532ConjunctiontheG3588Article - Nominative Feminine SingularinheritanceκληρονομίαG2817Noun - Nominative Feminine Singularwill beἔσταιG1510Verb - Future Indicative Middle - 3rd Person SingularoursἡμῶνG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Plural
Verse 8

Original words

SoκαὶG2532Conjunctionthey seized [the son]λαβόντεςG2983Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine PluralkilledἀπέκτεινανG615Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person PluralhimαὐτόνG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person SingularandκαὶG2532ConjunctionthrewἐξέβαλονG1544Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person PluralhimαὐτὸνG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person SingularoutἔξωG1854Prepositionof theτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularvineyardἀμπελῶνοςG290Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 9

Original words

WhatΤίG5101Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Accusative Neuter SingularthenοὖνG3767Conjunction{will} theG3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingularownerκύριοςG2962Noun - Nominative Masculine Singularof theτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularvineyardἀμπελῶνοςG290Noun - Genitive Masculine SingulardoποιήσειG4160Verb - Future Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularHe will comeἐλεύσεταιG2064Verb - Future Indicative Middle - 3rd Person SingularandκαὶG2532ConjunctionkillἀπολέσειG622Verb - Future Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular[those]τοὺςG3588Article - Accusative Masculine PluraltenantsγεωργούςG1092Noun - Accusative Masculine PluralandκαὶG2532ConjunctiongiveδώσειG1325Verb - Future Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingulartheτὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularvineyardἀμπελῶναG290Noun - Accusative Masculine Singularto othersἄλλοιςG243Adjective - Dative Masculine Plural
Verse 10

Original words

vvvοὐδὲG3761AdverbHave you never readἀνέγνωτεG314Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 2nd Person PluralthisταύτηνG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Feminine Singular-τὴνG3588Article - Accusative Feminine SingularScriptureγραφὴνG1124Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular[The] stoneΛίθονG3037Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular-ὃνG3739Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine SingulartheοἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine PluralbuildersοἰκοδομοῦντεςG3618Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine PluralrejectedἀπεδοκίμασανG593Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural-ΟὗτοςG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Singularhas becomeἐγενήθηG1096Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person SingulartheεἰςG1519PrepositionvvvκεφαλὴνG2776Noun - Accusative Feminine SingularcornerstoneγωνίαςG1137Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular
Verse 11

Original words

ThisαὕτηG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Feminine SingularisἐγένετοG1096Verb - Aorist Indicative Middle - 3rd Person SingularfromΠαρὰG3844Preposition[the] LordΚυρίουG2962Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularandΚαὶG2532Conjunctionit isἔστινG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularmarvelousθαυμαστὴG2298Adjective - Nominative Feminine SingularinἐνG1722PrepositionourἡμῶνG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person PluraleyesὀφθαλμοῖςG3788Noun - Dative Masculine Plural

BSB notes

  • Psalm 118:22–23
Verse 12

Original words

At thisΚαὶG2532Conjunction[the leaders] soughtἐζήτουνG2212Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Pluralto arrestκρατῆσαιG2902Verb - Aorist Infinitive Active[Jesus]αὐτὸνG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person SingularforγὰρG1063Conjunctionthey knewἔγνωσανG1097Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person PluralthatὅτιG3754ConjunctionHe had spokenεἶπενG2036Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular[this]τὴνG3588Article - Accusative Feminine SingularparableπαραβολὴνG3850Noun - Accusative Feminine SingularagainstπρὸςG4314PrepositionthemαὐτοὺςG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person PluralButκαὶG2532ConjunctionfearingἐφοβήθησανG5399Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person PluraltheτὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularcrowdὄχλονG3793Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular-καὶG2532Conjunctionthey leftἀφέντεςG863Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine PluralHimαὐτὸνG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Singular[and] went awayἀπῆλθονG565Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural

BSB notes

  • Literally they sought

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.