Focused Passage

Mark 12:1-12

The Rejected Son, the Greatest Commandment, the Lord of David, and the Widow’s Offering

Mark 12 moves from the parable of the murderous tenants to hostile questions about taxes, resurrection, and the greatest commandment, then to Jesus' question about the Messiah as David's Lord, his warning against scribal hypocrisy, and his commendation of the poor widow's whole-life offering.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1 Then Jesus began to speak to them in parables: “A man planted a vineyard. He put a wall around it, dug a wine vat, and built a watchtower. Then he rented it out to some tenants and went away on a journey.

2 At harvest time, he sent a servant to the tenants to collect his share of the fruit of the vineyard.

3 But they seized the servant, beat him, and sent him away empty-handed.

4 Then he sent them another servant, and they struck him over the head and treated him shamefully.

5 He sent still another, and this one they killed. He sent many others; some they beat and others they killed.

6 Finally, having one beloved son, he sent him to them. ‘They will respect my son,’ he said.

7 But the tenants said to one another, ‘This is the heir. Come, let us kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’

8 So they seized the son, killed him, and threw him out of the vineyard.

9 What then will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and kill those tenants and give the vineyard to others.

10 Have you never read this Scripture: ‘The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone.

11 This is from the Lord, and it is marvelous in our eyes’?”

12 At this, the leaders sought to arrest Jesus, for they knew that He had spoken this parable against them. But fearing the crowd, they left Him and went away.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Then Καὶ G2532 Conjunction [Jesus] began ἤρξατο G756 Verb - Aorist Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Singular to speak λαλεῖν G2980 Verb - Present Infinitive Active to them αὐτοῖς G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Plural in ἐν G1722 Preposition parables παραβολαῖς G3850 Noun - Dative Feminine Plural A man ἄνθρωπος G444 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular planted ἐφύτευσεν G5452 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular a vineyard Ἀμπελῶνα G290 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular - καὶ G2532 Conjunction He put περιέθηκεν G4060 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular a wall {around it} φραγμὸν G5418 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular - καὶ G2532 Conjunction dug ὤρυξεν G3736 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular a wine vat ὑπολήνιον G5276 Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction built ᾠκοδόμησεν G3618 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular a watchtower πύργον G4444 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular Then καὶ G2532 Conjunction he rented it out ἐξέδετο G1554 Verb - Aorist Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Singular . . . αὐτὸν G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Singular to [some] tenants γεωργοῖς G1092 Noun - Dative Masculine Plural and καὶ G2532 Conjunction went away on a journey ἀπεδήμησεν G589 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular
Verse 2

Original words

- Καὶ G2532 Conjunction - τῷ G3588 Article - Dative Masculine Singular At harvest time καιρῷ G2540 Noun - Dative Masculine Singular he sent ἀπέστειλεν G649 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular a servant δοῦλον G1401 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular to πρὸς G4314 Preposition the τοὺς G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Plural tenants γεωργοὺς G1092 Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural to ἵνα G2443 Conjunction collect λάβῃ G2983 Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 3rd Person Singular - παρὰ G3844 Preposition - τῶν G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Plural - γεωργῶν G1092 Noun - Genitive Masculine Plural [his share] of ἀπὸ G575 Preposition the τῶν G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Plural fruit καρπῶν G2590 Noun - Genitive Masculine Plural of the τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular vineyard ἀμπελῶνος G290 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 3

Original words

But καὶ G2532 Conjunction they seized λαβόντες G2983 Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural [the servant] αὐτὸν G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Singular beat [him] ἔδειραν G1194 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural and καὶ G2532 Conjunction sent [him] away ἀπέστειλαν G649 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural empty-handed κενόν G2756 Adjective - Accusative Masculine Singular
Verse 4

Original words

Then Καὶ G2532 Conjunction - πάλιν G3825 Adverb he sent ἀπέστειλεν G649 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular - πρὸς G4314 Preposition them αὐτοὺς G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Plural another ἄλλον G243 Adjective - Accusative Masculine Singular servant δοῦλον G1401 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular and κἀκεῖνον G2548 Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Singular they struck {him} over the head ἐκεφαλίωσαν G2775 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural and καὶ G2532 Conjunction treated [him] shamefully ἠτίμασαν G818 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural
Verse 5

Original words

- καὶ G2532 Conjunction He sent ἀπέστειλεν G649 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular still another ἄλλον G243 Adjective - Accusative Masculine Singular and this one κἀκεῖνον G2548 Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Singular they killed ἀπέκτειναν G615 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural [He sent] καὶ G2532 Conjunction many πολλοὺς G4183 Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural others ἄλλους G243 Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural - μὲν G3303 Conjunction some οὓς G3739 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Plural they beat δέροντες G1194 Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural and δὲ G1161 Conjunction [others] οὓς G3739 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Plural they killed ἀποκτέννοντες G615 Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural
Verse 6

Original words

vvv Ἔτι G2089 Adverb Finally ἔσχατον G2078 Adjective - Accusative Masculine Singular having εἶχεν G2192 Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular one ἕνα G1520 Adjective - Accusative Masculine Singular beloved ἀγαπητόν G27 Adjective - Accusative Masculine Singular son υἱὸν G5207 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular he sent ἀπέστειλεν G649 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular him αὐτὸν G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Singular to πρὸς G4314 Preposition them αὐτοὺς G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Plural They will respect Ἐντραπήσονται G1788 Verb - Future Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Plural my μου G1473 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Singular - τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular son υἱόν G5207 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular he said λέγων G3004 Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Singular - ὅτι G3754 Conjunction
Verse 7

Original words

But δὲ G1161 Conjunction [the] Ἐκεῖνοι G1565 Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Plural - οἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Plural tenants γεωργοὶ G1092 Noun - Nominative Masculine Plural said εἶπαν G2036 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural to πρὸς G4314 Preposition one another ἑαυτοὺς G1438 Reflexive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Plural - ὅτι G3754 Conjunction This Οὗτός G3778 Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Singular is ἐστιν G1510 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular the G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular heir κληρονόμος G2818 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular Come δεῦτε G1205 Verb - Imperative - 2nd Person Plural let us kill ἀποκτείνωμεν G615 Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 1st Person Plural him αὐτόν G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction the G3588 Article - Nominative Feminine Singular inheritance κληρονομία G2817 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular will be ἔσται G1510 Verb - Future Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Singular ours ἡμῶν G1473 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Plural
Verse 8

Original words

So καὶ G2532 Conjunction they seized [the son] λαβόντες G2983 Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural killed ἀπέκτειναν G615 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural him αὐτόν G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction threw ἐξέβαλον G1544 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural him αὐτὸν G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Singular out ἔξω G1854 Preposition of the τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular vineyard ἀμπελῶνος G290 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 9

Original words

What Τί G5101 Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singular then οὖν G3767 Conjunction {will} the G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular owner κύριος G2962 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular of the τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular vineyard ἀμπελῶνος G290 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular do ποιήσει G4160 Verb - Future Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular He will come ἐλεύσεται G2064 Verb - Future Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction kill ἀπολέσει G622 Verb - Future Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular [those] τοὺς G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Plural tenants γεωργούς G1092 Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural and καὶ G2532 Conjunction give δώσει G1325 Verb - Future Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular the τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular vineyard ἀμπελῶνα G290 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular to others ἄλλοις G243 Adjective - Dative Masculine Plural
Verse 10

Original words

vvv οὐδὲ G3761 Adverb Have you never read ἀνέγνωτε G314 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 2nd Person Plural this ταύτην G3778 Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Feminine Singular - τὴν G3588 Article - Accusative Feminine Singular Scripture γραφὴν G1124 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular [The] stone Λίθον G3037 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular - ὃν G3739 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Singular the οἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Plural builders οἰκοδομοῦντες G3618 Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural rejected ἀπεδοκίμασαν G593 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural - Οὗτος G3778 Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Singular has become ἐγενήθη G1096 Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Singular the εἰς G1519 Preposition vvv κεφαλὴν G2776 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular cornerstone γωνίας G1137 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular
Verse 11

Original words

This αὕτη G3778 Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Feminine Singular is ἐγένετο G1096 Verb - Aorist Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Singular from Παρὰ G3844 Preposition [the] Lord Κυρίου G2962 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular and Καὶ G2532 Conjunction it is ἔστιν G1510 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular marvelous θαυμαστὴ G2298 Adjective - Nominative Feminine Singular in ἐν G1722 Preposition our ἡμῶν G1473 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Plural eyes ὀφθαλμοῖς G3788 Noun - Dative Masculine Plural

BSB notes

  • Psalm 118:22–23
Verse 12

Original words

At this Καὶ G2532 Conjunction [the leaders] sought ἐζήτουν G2212 Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural to arrest κρατῆσαι G2902 Verb - Aorist Infinitive Active [Jesus] αὐτὸν G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Singular for γὰρ G1063 Conjunction they knew ἔγνωσαν G1097 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural that ὅτι G3754 Conjunction He had spoken εἶπεν G2036 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular [this] τὴν G3588 Article - Accusative Feminine Singular parable παραβολὴν G3850 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular against πρὸς G4314 Preposition them αὐτοὺς G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Plural But καὶ G2532 Conjunction fearing ἐφοβήθησαν G5399 Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Plural the τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular crowd ὄχλον G3793 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular - καὶ G2532 Conjunction they left ἀφέντες G863 Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural Him αὐτὸν G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Singular [and] went away ἀπῆλθον G565 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural

BSB notes

  • Literally they sought

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.