Focused Passage

Isaiah 31:1-9

Woe to Those Who Go Down to Egypt: The LORD Alone Defends Zion

Isaiah 31 moves from a woe against Judah’s reliance on Egypt’s horses and chariots, to the theological contrast between human flesh and the LORD’s Spirit, to the LORD’s fierce and tender defense of Zion, to a call for deep return, and finally to the fall of Assyria by a sword not of man.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1Woe to those who go down to Egypt for help, who rely on horses, who trust in their abundance of chariots and in their multitude of horsemen. They do not look to the Holy One of Israel; they do not seek the LORD.

2Yet He too is wise and brings disaster; He does not call back His words. He will rise up against the house of the wicked and against the allies of evildoers.

3But the Egyptians are men, not God; their horses are flesh, not spirit. When the LORD stretches out His hand, the helper will stumble, and the one he helps will fall; both will perish together.

4For this is what the LORD has said to me: “Like a lion roaring or a young lion over its prey—and though a band of shepherds is called out against it, it is not terrified by their shouting or subdued by their clamor—so the LORD of Hosts will come down to do battle on Mount Zion and its heights.

5Like birds hovering overhead, so the LORD of Hosts will protect Jerusalem. He will shield it and deliver it; He will pass over it and preserve it.”

6Return to the One against whom you have so blatantly rebelled, O children of Israel.

7For on that day, every one of you will reject the idols of silver and gold that your own hands have sinfully made.

8“Then Assyria will fall, but not by the sword of man; a sword will devour them, but not one made by mortals. They will flee before the sword, and their young men will be put to forced labor.

9Their rock will pass away for fear, and their princes will panic at the sight of the battle standard,” declares the LORD, whose fire is in Zion, whose furnace is in Jerusalem.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Woeה֣וֹיH1945Interjectionto those who go downהַיֹּרְדִ֤יםH3381Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine pluralto Egyptמִצְרַ֙יִם֙H4714Noun - proper - feminine singularfor helpלְעֶזְרָ֔הH5833Preposition-l | Noun - feminine singularwho relyיִשָּׁעֵ֑נוּH8172Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine pluralonעַל־H5921Prepositionhorsesסוּסִ֖יםH5483Noun - masculine pluralwho trustוַיִּבְטְח֨וּH982Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralinעַל־H5921Prepositiontheir abundanceרָ֗בH7227Adjective - masculine singularof chariotsרֶ֜כֶבH7393Noun - masculine singular. . .כִּ֣יH3588Conjunctionand inוְעַ֤לH5921Conjunctive waw | Prepositiontheir multitudeמְאֹ֔דH3966Adverb. . .עָצְמ֣וּH6105Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralof horsemenפָּֽרָשִׁים֙H6571Noun - masculine plural. . .כִּֽי־H3588ConjunctionThey do notוְלֹ֤אH3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particlelookשָׁעוּ֙H8159Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluraltoעַל־H5921Prepositionthe Holyקְד֣וֹשׁH6918Adjective - masculine singular constructOne of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singular-וְאֶת־H853Conjunctive waw | Direct object markerthey do notלֹ֥אH3808Adverb - Negative particleseekדָרָֽשׁוּ׃H1875Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralthe LORDיְהוָ֖הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 2

Original words

Yetה֤וּאH1931Pronoun - third person masculine singularHe tooוְגַם־H1571Conjunction[is] wiseחָכָם֙H2450Adjective - masculine singularand bringsוַיָּ֣בֵאH935Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulardisasterרָ֔עH7451Adjective - masculine singular-וְאֶת־H853Conjunctive waw | Direct object markerHe does notלֹ֣אH3808Adverb - Negative particlecall backהֵסִ֑ירH5493Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singularHis wordsדְּבָרָ֖יוH1697Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singularHe will rise upוְקָם֙H6965Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularagainstעַל־H5921Prepositionthe houseבֵּ֣יתH1004Noun - masculine singular constructof the wickedמְרֵעִ֔יםH7489Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine pluraland againstוְעַל־H5921Conjunctive waw | Prepositionthe alliesעֶזְרַ֖תH5833Noun - feminine singular constructof evildoersפֹּ֥עֲלֵיH6466Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct. . .אָֽוֶן׃H205Noun - masculine singular
Verse 3

Original words

But the Egyptiansוּמִצְרַ֤יִםH4714Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - feminine singularare menאָדָם֙H120Noun - masculine singularnotוְֽלֹא־H3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particleGodאֵ֔לH410Noun - masculine singulartheir horsesוְסוּסֵיהֶ֥םH5483Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine pluralare fleshבָּשָׂ֖רH1320Noun - masculine singularnotוְלֹא־H3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particlespiritר֑וּחַH7307Noun - common singularWhen the LORDוַֽיהוָ֞הH3068Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singularstretches outיַטֶּ֣הH5186Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singularHis handיָד֗וֹH3027Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singularthe helperעוֹזֵר֙H5826Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularwill stumbleוְכָשַׁ֤לH3782Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularand the one he helpsעָזֻ֔רH5826Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - masculine singularwill fallוְנָפַ֣לH5307Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularbothכֻּלָּ֥םH3605Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine pluralwill perishיִכְלָיֽוּן׃סH3615Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural | Paragogic nuntogetherוְיַחְדָּ֖וH3162Conjunctive waw | Adverb
Verse 4

Original words

Forכִּ֣יH3588Conjunctionthis is whatכֹ֣הH3541Adverbthe LORDיְהוָ֣ה׀H3068Noun - proper - masculine singularhas saidאָֽמַר־H559Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularto meאֵלַ֡יH413Preposition | first person common singularLikeכַּאֲשֶׁ֣רH834Preposition-k | Pronoun - relativea lionהָאַרְיֵ֨הH738Article | Noun - masculine singularroaringיֶהְגֶּה֩H1897Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularor a young lionוְהַכְּפִ֜ירH3715Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singularoverעַל־H5921Prepositionits preyטַרְפּ֗וֹH2964Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularand thoughאֲשֶׁ֨רH834Pronoun - relativea bandמְלֹ֣אH4393Noun - masculine singular constructof shepherdsרֹעִ֔יםH7462Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine pluralis called outיִקָּרֵ֤אH7121Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularagainst itעָלָיו֙H5921Preposition | third person masculine singularit is notלֹ֣אH3808Adverb - Negative particleterrifiedיֵחָ֔תH2865Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularby their shoutingמִקּוֹלָם֙H6963Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine pluralor subduedיַֽעֲנֶ֑הH6031Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularby their clamorוּמֵֽהֲמוֹנָ֖םH1995Conjunctive waw, Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine plural. . .לֹ֣אH3808Adverb - Negative particlesoכֵּ֗ןH3651Adverbthe LORDיְהוָ֣הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularof Hostsצְבָא֔וֹתH6635Noun - common pluralwill come downיֵרֵד֙H3381Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularto do battleלִצְבֹּ֥אH6633Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructonעַל־H5921PrepositionMountהַר־H2022Noun - masculine singular constructZionצִיּ֖וֹןH6726Noun - proper - feminine singular[and]וְעַל־H5921Conjunctive waw | Prepositionits heightsגִּבְעָתָֽהּ׃H1389Noun - feminine singular construct | third person feminine singular
Verse 5

Original words

Like birdsכְּצִפֳּרִ֣יםH6833Preposition-k | Noun - common pluralhovering overheadעָפ֔וֹתH5774Verb - Qal - Participle - feminine pluralsoכֵּ֗ןH3651Adverbthe LORDיְהוָ֥הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularof Hostsצְבָא֖וֹתH6635Noun - common plural. . .עַל־H5921Prepositionwill protectיָגֵ֛ןH1598Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularJerusalemיְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑םH3389Noun - proper - feminine singularHe will shield itגָּנ֥וֹןH1598Verb - Qal - Infinitive absoluteand deliver itוְהִצִּ֖ילH5337Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularHe will pass over itפָּסֹ֥חַH6452Verb - Qal - Infinitive absoluteand preserve itוְהִמְלִֽיט׃H4422Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 6

Original words

Returnשׁ֗וּבוּH7725Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluralto the Oneלַאֲשֶׁ֛רH834Preposition-l | Pronoun - relativeagainst whom you have so blatantlyהֶעְמִ֥יקוּH6009Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common pluralrebelledסָרָ֖הH5627Noun - feminine singularO childrenבְּנֵ֥יH1121Noun - masculine plural constructof Israelיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃H3478Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 7

Original words

Forכִּ֚יH3588Conjunctionon thatהַה֔וּאH1931Article | Pronoun - third person masculine singulardayבַּיּ֣וֹםH3117Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularevery oneאִ֚ישׁH376Noun - masculine singularof you will rejectיִמְאָס֗וּןH3988Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural | Paragogic nunthe idolsאֱלִילֵ֣יH457Noun - masculine plural constructof silverכַסְפּ֔וֹH3701Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular. . .וֶאֱלִילֵ֖יH457Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural constructand goldזְהָב֑וֹH2091Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularthatאֲשֶׁ֨רH834Pronoun - relativeyour ownלָכֶ֛םPreposition | second person masculine pluralhandsיְדֵיכֶ֖םH3027Noun - feminine dual construct | second person masculine pluralhave sinfullyחֵֽטְא׃H2399Noun - masculine singularmadeעָשׂ֥וּH6213Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural
Verse 8

Original words

Then Assyriaאַשּׁוּר֙H804Noun - proper - feminine singularwill fallוְנָפַ֤לH5307Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularbut notלֹא־H3808Adverb - Negative particleby the swordבְּחֶ֣רֶבH2719Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singularof manאִ֔ישׁH376Noun - masculine singulara swordוְחֶ֥רֶבH2719Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singularwill devour themתֹּֽאכֲלֶ֑נּוּH398Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine singular | third person masculine singularbut notלֹֽא־H3808Adverb - Negative particleone made by mortalsאָדָ֖םH120Noun - masculine singularThey will fleeוְנָ֥סH5127Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularbeforeמִפְּנֵי־H6440Preposition-m | Noun - masculine plural constructthe swordחֶ֔רֶבH2719Noun - feminine singularand their young menוּבַחוּרָ֖יוH970Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singularwill be putיִהְיֽוּ׃H1961Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine pluralto forced laborלָמַ֥סH4522Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 9

Original words

Their rockוְסַלְעוֹ֙H5553Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularwill pass awayיַֽעֲב֔וֹרH5674Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularfor fearמִמָּג֣וֹרH4032Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singularand their princesשָׂרָ֑יוH8269Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singularwill panicוְחַתּ֥וּH2865Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluralat [the sight of] the battle standardמִנֵּ֖סH5251Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singulardeclaresנְאֻם־H5002Noun - masculine singular constructthe LORDיְהוָ֗הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularwhoseאֲשֶׁר־H834Pronoun - relativefireא֥וּרH217Noun - masculine singularis in Zionבְּצִיּ֔וֹןH6726Preposition-b | Noun - proper - feminine singularwhose furnaceוְתַנּ֥וּרH8574Conjunctive waw | Noun - common singularis in Jerusalemבִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃סH3389Preposition-b | Noun - proper - feminine singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.