Jeremiah son of Hilkiah, prophet to Judah before and during Jerusalem's fall.
Zedekiah Seeks Prayer but Refuses the Word
Zedekiah wants Jeremiah's prayers and private counsel, but because he refuses the Lord's word, Babylon's temporary withdrawal cannot save Jerusalem from the judgment God has spoken.
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Zedekiah wants Jeremiah's prayers and private counsel, but because he refuses the Lord's word, Babylon's temporary withdrawal cannot save Jerusalem from the judgment God has spoken.
Jeremiah 37 argues that seeking prayer while refusing God's word is not faithfulness. Zedekiah wants Jeremiah's intercession and private guidance, but he does not listen to the Lord's public message. The temporary withdrawal of Babylon because of Egypt becomes an occasion for self-deception, but the Lord's word remains unchanged: Babylon will return and burn the city.
Jeremiah's suffering demonstrates the cost of faithful proclamation in a fearful society. He is accused of treason not because he is disloyal but because he has spoken the truth Judah does not want to hear. The chapter teaches that circumstances can briefly appear to contradict God's word, but the word of the Lord interprets circumstances, not the reverse.
Zedekiah, Judah's officials, Jerusalem's people, and later readers learning why Jerusalem fell despite political maneuvers and prophetic intercession requests.
The chapter occurs during Zedekiah's reign, while Babylon is besieging Jerusalem and Egypt's army has temporarily caused the Babylonian forces to withdraw.
Zedekiah wants Jeremiah's prayers and private counsel, but because he refuses the Lord's word, Babylon's temporary withdrawal cannot save Jerusalem from the judgment God has spoken.
Jeremiah son of Hilkiah, prophet to Judah before and during Jerusalem's fall.
Zedekiah, Judah's officials, Jerusalem's people, and later readers learning why Jerusalem fell despite political maneuvers and prophetic intercession requests.
The chapter occurs during Zedekiah's reign, while Babylon is besieging Jerusalem and Egypt's army has temporarily caused the Babylonian forces to withdraw.
- Jerusalem is under siege conditions. Bread is limited, the city is tense, officials are hostile, and suspicion of desertion is high.
Jeremiah 37 shows the collapse of Judah's political hope in Egypt and the continued rejection of the prophetic word leading to the fall of Jerusalem.
The chapter moves from Zedekiah's refusal to listen, to his request for Jeremiah's prayer, to the Lord's warning that Egypt cannot save Jerusalem, to Jeremiah's unjust arrest, to Zedekiah's secret inquiry, and finally to Jeremiah's transfer to the courtyard of the guard.
Theological exposition and fulfillment
Jeremiah 37 forms honest prayer, obedient listening, resistance to self-deception, courage under false accusation, and trust in God's word over temporary appearances.
- 1-3: Zedekiah refuses the Lord's word but asks Jeremiah to pray, exposing the emptiness of religious request without obedience.
- 4-10: The Lord warns Judah not to deceive itself: Pharaoh will return to Egypt, Babylon will return to Jerusalem, and the city will burn.
- 11-15: Jeremiah is falsely accused, ignored, beaten, and imprisoned for a crime he did not commit.
- 16-17: Zedekiah asks privately if there is any word from the Lord, and Jeremiah repeats that he will be handed over to Babylon.
- 18-21: Jeremiah exposes the false prophets' failure, pleads not to die in prison, and is moved to the courtyard of the guard.
Sense Zedekiah, 'Yahweh is righteousness'
Definition The final king of Judah, installed by Nebuchadnezzar in place of Jehoiachin.
References Jeremiah 37:1, 3, 17-21
Lexicon Zedekiah, 'Yahweh is righteousness'
Why it matters Zedekiah embodies fearful leadership that seeks prayer and secret counsel but refuses the Lord's word.
Pastoral Entry
מֶלֶךְ (melek) is the Hebrew word for king — the political sovereign who rules, judges, and leads his people. The local Hebrew index currently counts about 2,526 occurrences, making it one of the most frequent nouns represented in the index, and its theological importance is commensurate with its frequency: the entire OT is concerned with the question of who is the true king, what genuine kingship looks like, and how the kingdoms of the earth relate to the kingdom of God.
The OT's most fundamental theological claim about melek is that YHWH Himself is king. 'For the Lord is the great God, and the great King (melek) above all gods' (Ps 95:3). 'The Lord is King (melek) forever and ever' (Ps 10:16). Isaiah's vision in the temple is of the Lord sitting on a high throne, and the seraphim's declaration — 'Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts; the whole earth is full of his glory' (Isa 6:3) — is addressed to 'the King, the Lord of hosts' (6:5). God's kingship is not metaphorical or derivative; it is the original and genuine form of which all human kingship is at best a reflection and image.
The institution of human kingship in Israel is introduced in 1 Samuel 8 under ambiguous conditions: the people ask for a king 'like all the nations' (8:5), and the Lord says to Samuel, 'they have not rejected you, but they have rejected me from being king over them' (8:7). Human kingship in Israel is not the fulfillment of God's design but an accommodation to Israel's desire, hedged with warnings about what a human king will cost. The laws of the king in Deuteronomy 17:14-20 set out the conditions for a king who functions properly: not multiplying horses (military dependence), not multiplying wives (personal indulgence), not multiplying silver and gold (wealth accumulation), and writing a copy of the Torah and reading it all his days. The king who is genuinely king in Israel is the one who is the Torah-keeping servant of YHWH.
Psalm 2 holds the two dimensions together: the nations rage against the Lord and His anointed (His melek, v. 6: 'I have set my King on Zion, my holy hill'), and the Lord's king will ultimately rule the nations. The Davidic king is the Lord's representative melek — and the NT reads this as fulfilled in Christ: 'You are my Son; today I have begotten you' (Ps 2:7) is quoted in Hebrews 1:5, Acts 13:33, and applied to the resurrection.
For the preacher, מֶלֶךְ is the word that puts all human authority in its place: under the one King who is Lord of lords and King of kings, whose kingdom will have no end.
Sense king, ruler
Definition A king or ruling monarch.
References Jeremiah 37:1-3, 17-18, 21
Lexicon king, ruler
Why it matters The king's refusal to listen shows failure of covenant leadership.
Cross-language bridge 1 link · View in lexicon
Sense Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon
Definition The Babylonian king who appointed Zedekiah and besieged Jerusalem.
References Jeremiah 37:1
Lexicon Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon
Why it matters Babylon's authority over Judah is part of the Lord's judgment, not merely imperial accident.
Pastoral Entry
שָׁמַע is among the most theologically important verbs in the Hebrew Bible because it holds together what English separates: hearing and obeying. In Hebrew, to šāmaʿ to someone is not merely to receive audio input; it is to hear in a way that results in a response. The same verb describes physical hearing (Gen 3:10: Adam heard the sound of the Lord), understanding (Gen 11:7: so that they may not understand one another's speech), and obedience (Exod 19:5: if you will indeed obey my voice).
The theological weight of this semantic fusion is immense: the God who speaks expects a šāmaʿ that moves, not merely a šāmaʿ that registers. The Shema of Deuteronomy 6:4 — Shĕmaʿ Yiśrāʾēl, YHWH ʾĕlōhênû YHWH ʾeḥād — is one of the most important sentences in the OT. Its imperative is šāmaʿ. Israel is summoned not merely to hear a proposition about divine unity but to hear-and-obey the reality that the Lord alone is God.
Covenant renewal in the OT is repeatedly framed as a call to shama; apostasy is frequently characterized as not hearing, not heeding, refusing to listen. The prophets diagnose Israel's failure in šāmaʿ terms: 'they have ears but do not hear' (Jer 5:21; Ezek 12:2). Jesus takes this language directly: 'he who has ears to hear, let him hear' (Matt 11:15; 13:9) — the repeated call to šāmaʿ that characterizes prophetic address, applied to the hearing of the kingdom.
Sense did not hear, did not obey, did not listen
Definition To refuse attentive hearing or obedience.
References Jeremiah 37:2
Lexicon did not hear, did not obey, did not listen
Why it matters The opening diagnosis of the chapter is that king, attendants, and people did not listen to the Lord's words.
Pastoral Entry
דָּבָר (dabar) is one of the most theologically rich words in the Hebrew Bible. The same word covers 'word' in the sense of spoken utterance, 'matter' or 'thing' in the sense of a real-world event, and 'affair' in the sense of a legal or administrative case. The range itself is significant: in Hebrew thought, a dabar is not merely a sound or a symbol but a living reality that connects speech and event, utterance and outcome.
The dabar YHWH (word of the Lord) is the primary theological use — the formula that introduces prophetic speech throughout the OT ('the word of the Lord came to me,' Jer 1:4; Ezek 1:3; etc.). The word of the Lord is not merely information about God's intentions; it is the active agency of God Himself entering history. When God speaks, things happen: Genesis 1 creates by dabar — 'God said, "Let there be light," and there was light.' The dabar of God does not describe a reality that already exists; it creates the reality it names.
Isaiah 40:8 gives the dabar its most famous statement of permanence: 'The grass withers, the flower fades, but the word (dabar) of our God will stand forever.' In context, this is a promise about the reliability of God's purposes for Israel — the imperial powers and their words will pass away, but God's dabar will not. The NT reads this as the ground for the gospel's permanence (1 Pet 1:24-25 quotes Isa 40:8 for 'the living and abiding word of God' by which people are born again).
Psalm 119 is the OT's most sustained meditation on the dabar of God — 176 verses of engagement with the word, instruction, statutes, and commands. The central claim running through all 22 stanzas is that the dabar of God is the source of life, wisdom, comfort, and orientation. 'I have stored up your word (dabar) in my heart, that I might not sin against you' (Ps 119:11). The dabar is not merely read but internalized — hidden in the heart where it becomes the motivation for faithful living.
For the preacher, דָּבָר is the word that insists God speaks and that His speech does things. The sermon is not commentary on the word; it is the continued vehicle of the word's active agency in the congregation.
Sense words, matters, things
Definition Words or matters spoken by the LORD through the prophet.
References Jeremiah 37:2, 17
Lexicon words, matters, things
Why it matters The conflict centers on whether Judah will pay attention to the Lord's words through Jeremiah.
Pastoral Entry
פָּלַל is the word the Hebrew Bible uses when a person or a people addresses God directly in sustained, personal, earnest prayer. In its Hithpael form — which accounts for the overwhelming majority of its 84 occurrences — the verb carries a reflexive force: to place oneself before God, to prostrate oneself in appeal. The BDB traces the root sense to 'intervene' and 'judge,' suggesting that פָּלַל originally referred to an act of mediation or assessment, and that the verb's development into the primary word for prayer reflects an understanding of prayer itself as a kind of mediated standing before God — the person who prays is the one who dares to come before the Judge and speak.
This etymology is pastorally significant without being pastorally controlling. What it tells us is that prayer in the OT is not casual conversation. It is a deliberate coming before One who is greater, a positioning of the self in the posture of the creature addressing the Creator and Lord. When Hannah 'prayed (hithpael) to the Lord and wept bitterly' (1 Sam. 1:10), the verb names not simply a quiet interior moment but a decisive turning of the whole self toward God in her extremity. When Solomon stands before the altar of the Lord at the temple dedication and spreads out his hands toward heaven (1 Kgs. 8:22), the חָּלַל that follows names the whole of that great royal act of speech before God — the intercession, the petition, the theological argument, the appeal to God's covenant name.
The range of people who are described as פָּלַל in the OT is instructive. Prophets pray: Moses intercedes for Israel at every crisis (Num. 11:2; Num. 21:7). Abraham is named as a prophet whose prayer heals Abimelech (Gen. 20:7). Samuel's ministry is inseparable from his prayer-life (1 Sam. 7:5; 12:19). But commoners pray too: Hannah, barren and grief-stricken, pours out her soul (1 Sam. 1:10, 27). The whole congregation prays in national crisis. Exilic individuals — Nehemiah, Daniel — pray in foreign lands with the same posture that Israel used in the temple. The word belongs to no single class. Any person who turns toward God in earnest appeal may פָּלַל.
What makes פָּלַל pastorally irreplaceable is that it names the act of prayer as something the whole person does before the whole God. It is not a technique or a formula. It is the self presented before God in speech — with petition, with confession, with intercession, with lamentation, with praise. When Daniel opens his windows toward Jerusalem and prays three times a day (Dan. 6:10), the habit he maintains is not routine observance. It is the sustained practice of a human life oriented toward God, kept honest and alive through the regular act of פָּלַל.
Form in passage Hithpael · Sequential imperfect · 2nd Person · Masculine · Singular What is this?
Sense to pray, intercede
Definition To pray or intercede before God.
References Jeremiah 37:3
Lexicon to pray, intercede
Why it matters Zedekiah asks Jeremiah to pray, exposing the tension between seeking intercession and refusing obedience.
Sense Pharaoh, king of Egypt
Definition Title of Egypt's ruler.
References Jeremiah 37:5, 7
Lexicon Pharaoh, king of Egypt
Why it matters Pharaoh's army becomes the basis of Judah's temporary false hope.
Cross-language bridge 1 link · View in lexicon
Sense army, force, strength
Definition Military force, strength, or army.
References Jeremiah 37:5, 7, 10-11
Lexicon army, force, strength
Why it matters The armies of Egypt and Babylon are visible powers, but both are subordinate to the Lord's word.
Pastoral Entry
עָלָה is the Hebrew verb for ascent — for going up, climbing, rising, mounting, and being lifted. Its range is vast: it describes a man climbing a mountain, a people going up to worship, a king marching out to war, smoke rising from an altar, a nation coming up out of Egypt, the sun breaking over the horizon, a thought coming up in the heart, and a burnt offering being presented before God. In 894 occurrences it moves through nearly every terrain of Israelite life, which means that when the Old Testament thinks about movement, orientation, or direction toward God, this verb is almost always present.
What makes עָלָה theologically rich is that spatial ascent in the Old Testament is rarely only spatial. To go up is to draw near to God. The sanctuary sits on the mountain. Jerusalem is always approached from below. The temple mount is elevated. To ascend is to move toward the Holy — not as an abstract spiritual exercise, but as an embodied, directional act of worship. Israel went up to the three great festivals. The Psalms of Ascent (מַעֲלוֹת, Psalms 120–134) gave the pilgrim people words for the journey. Ascent was not merely geography; it was theology made physical.
At the same time, the verb carries genuine cultic weight through its use in sacrificial contexts. When עָלָה describes the burnt offering (עֹלָה), it points to what goes up completely — the whole animal consumed, ascending in smoke, rising toward God. The same verbal root underlies both the pilgrimage and the offering. Both involve movement upward, both involve cost, and both involve coming before the living God.
Pastorally, עָלָה is a word that refuses to let Israel — or the church — treat nearness to God as a passive, horizontal, or costless thing. There is a direction to worship, a journey to approach, an orientation to holiness. The preacher who sits with this verb long enough will find it challenging cheap familiarity with God while also welcoming the weary traveler who is still on the road, still ascending, still on their way to the mountain.
Sense to go up, withdraw, depart
Definition To go up or depart; here used of the Babylonian army lifting or withdrawing from Jerusalem.
References Jeremiah 37:5, 11
Lexicon to go up, withdraw, depart
Why it matters Babylon's withdrawal creates the false impression that judgment may be over.
Pastoral Entry
שׁוּב is the great turning-word of the Hebrew Bible. At its most basic it describes physical motion — someone who goes away and comes back, an army that retreats, a hand that is withdrawn. But from that material root, Scripture draws something far more weighty: the movement of the whole person away from destruction and back toward God. In the prophets especially, שׁוּב becomes the central verb of appeal, the word God uses when He calls His people to abandon the path they are on and orient themselves toward Him again. It is not merely an emotional experience or a private spiritual adjustment. It is a reorientation — a turning of direction, will, loyalty, and practice.
Two dimensions of שׁוּב must be held together. The first is departure: genuine covenantal turning involves leaving something — an idol, a pattern of injustice, a posture of self-sufficiency, a covenant broken. The prophets are clear that returning to God means turning away from what is wrong. The second is arrival: the movement is not only away from sin but toward a Person. The prophets consistently frame this as return to YHWH, to His ways, to His covenant. שׁוּב is therefore not self-reform. It is relational re-entry — coming home to the God who has not moved.
What makes this word theologically irreplaceable is the exile context in which it burns most brightly. Israel's displacement from the land is never presented simply as a geopolitical catastrophe. It is the spatial consequence of a spiritual direction. The nation had turned away from God, and the curses of the covenant followed. But through the prophets, God calls שׁוּב — not simply as a demand, but as the announcement that return is still possible, that the door has not closed, that the God who judged is also the God who restores.
In pastoral use, שׁוּב must not be reduced to a single sermon moment or an altar-call transaction. Its roughly 1,073 occurrences span the full range of Israelite life — narrative, law, wisdom, prophecy, and prayer — which means the turn it names can be initial, repeated, communal, individual, urgent, and ongoing. The NT counterpart G3340 metanoeō carries forward this same dual structure: a change of mind that issues in a changed direction. To understand שׁוּב is to understand why biblical repentance is neither self-flagellation nor superficial remorse. It is the movement of a person, or a people, who turn from where they were headed and walk back toward the God who has been waiting.
Sense to return, turn back
Definition To return or turn back.
References Jeremiah 37:7-8, 10
Lexicon to return, turn back
Why it matters Egypt will return to its land, and Babylon will return to Jerusalem. The repeated return language overturns Judah's hope.
Sense to fight, wage war
Definition To fight or engage in battle.
References Jeremiah 37:8, 10
Lexicon to fight, wage war
Why it matters The Babylonians will return and fight against Jerusalem according to the Lord's word.
Sense to capture, seize, take
Definition To capture, take, or seize a city or person.
References Jeremiah 37:8
Lexicon to capture, seize, take
Why it matters Jerusalem will be captured despite the temporary withdrawal of Babylon.
Pastoral Entry
שָׂרַף (saraph) is the Hebrew verb for burning — and in its theological range it covers sacrificial fire, divine judgment, the destruction of idols, and the flaming holiness before YHWH's throne. The word is currently indexed about 117 times in the local Hebrew index. At its center is a cluster of theological truths: fire from YHWH accepts the sacrifice (Lev 9:24), fire from YHWH judges the profane (Lev 10:2), fire consumes the enemies of YHWH's people (Num 11:1), and the seraphim (from saraph) burn before the throne of the Holy One (Isa 6:2).
Leviticus 9:24 gives saraph its sacrificial-acceptance form: 'And fire came out from before YHWH and consumed (saraph) the burnt offering and the fat on the altar, and when all the people saw it, they shouted and fell on their faces.' The divine fire that consumes the first offering on the altar at the tabernacle's consecration is the sign of YHWH's acceptance of Israel's worship. The fire that saraph's the sacrifice is the fire of divine approval — it vindicates the offering and its offerers. The people's response is worship: shouting and falling on their faces.
Leviticus 10:2 gives saraph its judgment-against-the-profane form: 'And fire came out from before YHWH and consumed (saraph) them, and they died before YHWH.' Nadab and Abihu, who offered unauthorized fire before YHWH (esh zarah, strange fire, v. 1), are sarph'd by the fire of YHWH. The same fire that accepted the sacrifice (9:24) consumes the unauthorized priests (10:2). YHWH's fire does not discriminate: it consumes what is offered to it — whether the rightful sacrifice or the transgressing priests who approach with unauthorized fire.
Isaiah 6:2-3 gives saraph its throne-room form — through the seraphim: 'Above him stood the seraphim (seraphim, the burning ones, from saraph). Each had six wings... And one called to another and said: Holy, holy, holy is YHWH of hosts; the whole earth is full of his glory.' The seraphim — beings whose very name means burning ones — attend the throne of the thrice-holy YHWH. Their burning nature is appropriate to their assignment: only the burning can stand before the infinitely holy.
Numbers 11:1-3 gives saraph its wilderness-judgment use: 'And the people complained in the hearing of YHWH about their misfortunes, and when YHWH heard it, his anger was kindled, and the fire of YHWH burned among them and consumed some of the outlying parts of the camp.' The place was named Taberah (from saraph, burning) because YHWH's fire burned there. The saraph of judgment in the wilderness accompanies every major act of Israel's murmuring: the fire reveals that YHWH's holiness is not indifferent to covenant disloyalty.
Deuteronomy 12:3 gives saraph its idol-destruction mandate: 'you shall tear down their altars and dash in pieces their pillars and burn their Asherim with fire (tisrefu ba'esh), and cut down the carved images of their gods and destroy their name out of that place.' The saraph of idols is the necessary corollary of the saraph of sacrifice: if YHWH's fire accepts his offerings, it must also destroy what competes with him. The purification of the land requires the saraph of everything that has been offered to false gods.
For the preacher, שָׂרַף (saraph) gives the congregation the dual character of the divine fire: the same holiness that accepts the sacrifice also judges the profane. YHWH is a consuming fire (Deut 4:24) — and approaching him requires the right fire, the right offering, the authorized approach.
Sense to burn, consume by fire
Definition To burn or consume with fire.
References Jeremiah 37:8, 10
Lexicon to burn, consume by fire
Why it matters The burning of Jerusalem is the fixed judgment outcome in the chapter.
Form in passage Hiphil · Jussive · 2nd Person · Masculine · Plural What is this?
Sense do not deceive your souls, do not mislead yourselves
Definition A warning against self-deception or false inward assurance.
References Jeremiah 37:9
Lexicon do not deceive your souls, do not mislead yourselves
Why it matters The Lord identifies Judah's political optimism as self-deception.
Form in passage Pual · Participle passive What is this?
Sense men pierced through, wounded soldiers
Definition Men wounded or pierced in battle.
References Jeremiah 37:10
Lexicon men pierced through, wounded soldiers
Why it matters Even wounded Babylonian soldiers would fulfill the Lord's judgment, showing certainty beyond military strength.
Sense Benjamin Gate
Definition A gate of Jerusalem associated with the direction toward Benjamin.
References Jeremiah 37:13
Lexicon Benjamin Gate
Why it matters Jeremiah is arrested at the gate while going toward Benjamin, turning ordinary movement into accusation.
Pastoral Entry
נָפַל (naphal) is the Hebrew verb for falling — one of the OT's most versatile motion words, currently indexed about 435 times in the local Hebrew index in contexts ranging from physical collapse to prostrate worship to the falling of the Holy Spirit. The word covers the full range of human downward movement: the face that falls in shame or anger, the body prostrating in worship, the soldier cut down in battle, the mighty one falling from his height, and the humble person who falls and is lifted. At its most theologically potent, naphal marks the contrast between those who fall permanently and those who fall and rise.
Proverbs 24:16 gives naphal its most hopeful pastoral use: 'for the righteous falls (yipol) seven times and rises again, but the wicked stumble in times of calamity.' Seven times is the superlative of repetition — the righteous person falls repeatedly, not once or twice. What distinguishes the righteous from the wicked is not the absence of falling but the rising. The wicked stumble in calamity and stay down; the righteous fall and rise. The difference is not in the nature of the fall but in who upholds the fallen: Psalm 37:24 ('though he fall, he will not be hurled headlong, for YHWH upholds his hand').
Micah 7:8 gives naphal its most defiant use: 'Do not rejoice over me, O my enemy; when I fall (naphalthi), I shall rise; when I sit in darkness, YHWH will be a light to me.' The naphal of Micah 7:8 is not denied but is placed in a context of certain recovery — the naphal is real, the enemy's rejoicing is premature. The declaration is made in the condition of falling: 'when I fall, I shall rise.' This is not hope that falling will not occur but hope that falling is not the last word.
Genesis 4:5-6 gives naphal its first moral use: 'Cain was very angry, and his face fell (vayipol panav).' The face that falls (panav naphal) is the OT's idiom for shame, anger, and the withdrawal of countenance — the opposite of the lifted face (nasa panim). YHWH's question to Cain in verse 6 — 'Why has your face fallen (naflu)?' — makes the naphal of the face a spiritual diagnostic: the fallen face indicates the heart's condition. And the danger follows: 'sin is crouching at the door' (v. 7). The naphal of Cain's face precedes the naphal of Abel.
Isaiah 14:12 gives naphal its most cosmic use: 'How you have fallen (naphalta) from heaven, O Day Star (Helel), son of Dawn! How you are cut down to the ground, you who laid the nations low!' The naphal from heaven is the ultimate reversal of prideful ascent. Whatever the full reference of Isaiah 14:12 (the king of Babylon and, in Jesus's application in Luke 10:18, Satan's fall), the naphal principle is clear: the one who exalts himself will be brought down. The naphal from height is YHWH's judgment on pride.
Ezekiel 11:5 gives naphal its most pneumatic use: 'the Spirit of YHWH fell (naphal) upon me.' The Spirit's naphal is the empowering, overcoming descent of divine presence that compels prophetic speech.
For the preacher, נָפַל (naphal) teaches the congregation that falling is not the question — rising is.
Form in passage Qal · Participle active What is this?
Sense to fall away, desert, go over
Definition To fall, fall away, or go over to another side depending on context.
References Jeremiah 37:13-14
Lexicon to fall away, desert, go over
Why it matters Jeremiah is falsely accused of going over to the Babylonians.
Pastoral Entry
שֶׁקֶר is the Hebrew noun for falsehood, lie, deception — but its range is wider than a single English word captures. BDB's definitions include: falsehood, lying, deception, what is false, disappointment, and vanity (in the sense of what comes to nothing). The root idea is that which does not correspond to reality — the word, the action, or the claim that presents a false picture.
שֶׁקֶר is currently counted by the local OT index at about 113 uses across several major registers. First, the judicial register: 'you shall not bear false witness' (Exod 20:16 uses שָׁוְא, the synonym, but Exod 23:7 uses שֶׁקֶר — 'keep far from a false matter'); a witness who testifies שֶׁקֶר destroys justice at its source. Second, the prophetic register: the false prophets speak שֶׁקֶר (Jer 14:14, 'prophesying a lie'; Jer 23:25-26, 'they prophesy lies in my name; I did not send them'); the prophet who claims to speak for God when God has not sent them is the paradigmatic שֶׁקֶר-speaker.
Third, the idolatry register: idols are called שֶׁקֶר because they are false — they claim divine status they do not have; Jer 10:14 calls the idol-maker's product שֶׁקֶר ('the molten image is falsehood, and there is no breath in them'). Fourth, the relational register: friends and allies who prove unfaithful are called שֶׁקֶר; trust that is not warranted by reality is trust placed in falsehood.
The Psalms' use of שֶׁקֶר is particularly concentrated: Psalm 119 alone uses it 8 times to express the psalmist's hatred of falsehood and love of the true (אֱמֶת) in contrast. The fundamental theological claim embedded in שֶׁקֶר is that the God who is true (אֱמֶת is one of his primary attributes) is the judge of all שֶׁקֶר. Jeremiah's contrast between the false prophets who speak שֶׁקֶר and the true prophet who speaks what God actually said is the OT's paradigmatic account of the conflict between the true word and the false word.
Sense lie, falsehood, deception
Definition A lie or falsehood.
References Jeremiah 37:14
Lexicon lie, falsehood, deception
Why it matters Jeremiah directly denies the accusation as false, exposing injustice against the prophet.
Pastoral Entry
שַׂר (sar) is the Hebrew word for ruler, prince, or captain — the person who heads a domain, whether military, political, or cosmic. Locally indexed at about 421 H8269 occurrences, the sar is the leader in charge of a defined sphere of authority. The word reaches its theological climax in Isaiah 9:6, where the messianic child born to us is called Sar Shalom (Prince of Peace, שַׂר-שָׁלוֹם) — the one whose authority produces shalom in every domain it touches. The sar who rules in shalom is the OT's definition of legitimate authority at its best.
Isaiah 9:6 gives sar its most concentrated messianic use: the child yulad to us is also 'Prince (Sar) of Peace (Shalom).' The four names of Isaiah 9:6 — Wonderful Counselor (Pele Yoetz), Mighty God (El Gibbor), Everlasting Father (Avi Ad), and Prince of Peace (Sar Shalom) — each describe a dimension of the messianic rule. Sar Shalom is the culminating title: the governmental weight (misrah, H4894) is on his shoulder, and the increase of that government and of shalom will be without end (v. 7). The Sar produces shalom — the comprehensive wellbeing, wholeness, and right order — precisely because his rule is just and righteous.
Joshua 5:14-15 introduces a more mysterious sar: 'No; but I am the sar of the army of YHWH. Now I have come.' When Joshua asks whether this sar is for Israel or for their adversaries, the answer is neither — this sar transcends the human military axis. The sar of YHWH's host commands Joshua to remove his sandals (the same holy-ground command as Exod 3:5), signaling divine presence. The sar of YHWH's army is YHWH's own warrior-authority standing with Israel — not merely a human commander but the divine Captain.
Daniel's sarim are cosmic: Michael is the sar who stands for Israel (Dan 12:1), one of the chief sarim (Dan 10:13). Daniel 10 depicts a cosmic conflict between sarim — the 'prince of Persia' opposing God's purposes, Michael the sar of Israel contending for YHWH's people. The cosmic sar-framework of Daniel gives human rulers their full weight: they are not merely political actors but stand in a larger order of authority, contested by spiritual powers.
For the preacher, שַׂר (sar) asks: who is actually in charge, and what does their rule produce? Sar Shalom is the OT's answer to every sar who rules for his own advantage.
Sense officials, princes, leaders
Definition Officials, princes, or governing leaders.
References Jeremiah 37:14-15
Lexicon officials, princes, leaders
Why it matters The officials are angry and violent toward Jeremiah, showing leadership hostility to prophetic truth.
Pastoral Entry
נָכָה (nakah) is the Hebrew verb for striking — one of the OT's most frequent violent verbs, currently indexed about 502 times in the local Hebrew index and appearing chiefly in the Hiphil stem (hikah, to cause to be struck). It covers Moses striking the Egyptian, YHWH striking the Egyptians in the plagues, armies defeating enemies, and — most theologically — YHWH striking the Servant in Isaiah 53. The nakah-logic of the OT is that the one struck is under the power of the one striking, that judgment comes in the form of nakah, and that the most astonishing theological reversal in the OT is the nakah that falls on the innocent Servant in place of those who deserved it.
Exodus 12:12-13 is the foundational divine nakah: 'I will strike (hikah) all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and animal.' The Passover lamb's blood is the protection against the nakah — the striker passes over the marked houses. The nakah of the firstborn is the culminating plague judgment, concentrated and total. The Passover's protection from the nakah is the template for every subsequent blood-atonement: the nakah that should fall on the guilty is diverted by the substitutionary blood.
Isaiah 53:4 is the theological pivot of the entire OT's nakah theology: 'Yet we considered him struck (nakah) by God and afflicted.' The nakah the Servant receives is interpreted by the watching community as divine judgment on the Servant himself — a reasonable interpretation (the nakah of Exodus 12 was divine judgment). But the passage corrects this: 'surely he has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows' (v. 4a). The nakah falls on the Servant for the many. The nakah of judgment hits the innocent one, and the many who deserved nakah are spared.
Zechariah 13:7 takes the nakah into explicit divine agency over the Servant-Shepherd: 'Awake, O sword, against my shepherd, against the man who stands next to me, declares YHWH of hosts. Strike (hikah) the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered.' YHWH commands the striking of the one who stands beside him — the shepherd and YHWH are in intimate proximity, and still the nakah command is given. Jesus quotes this verse at Gethsemane (Mark 14:27, Matt 26:31) as the interpretive frame for his arrest and the disciples' scattering.
For the preacher, נָכָה (nakah) makes the substitutionary question explicit: who is struck, and for whom?
Sense to strike, beat, smite
Definition To strike or beat.
References Jeremiah 37:15
Lexicon to strike, beat, smite
Why it matters Jeremiah suffers physical abuse for a false charge.
Sense house of imprisonment, prison
Definition A place of confinement or imprisonment.
References Jeremiah 37:15, 18
Lexicon house of imprisonment, prison
Why it matters Jonathan's house becomes a prison where Jeremiah is confined for many days.
Sense house of the pit, dungeon
Definition A pit-like dungeon or prison chamber.
References Jeremiah 37:16, 20
Lexicon house of the pit, dungeon
Why it matters Jeremiah's imprisonment is harsh enough that he fears death if returned there.
Sense cells, vaulted rooms, chambers
Definition Prison chambers or vaulted cells.
References Jeremiah 37:16
Lexicon cells, vaulted rooms, chambers
Why it matters The detail emphasizes the severity and duration of Jeremiah's confinement.
Sense in secret, hidden place
Definition In secrecy or concealment.
References Jeremiah 37:17
Lexicon in secret, hidden place
Why it matters Zedekiah's secret consultation reveals fear and lack of public obedience.
Pastoral Entry
נָתַן is one of the most common verbs in the Hebrew Bible, and its very ordinariness is part of its theological weight. At its center it means to give — to pass something from one hand to another, one person to another, one realm to another. But BDB's note that it is used with the greatest latitude of application is not a caveat to its meaning; it is an invitation to see how deeply a theology of giving runs through Israel's life with God.
The range is genuinely vast. נָתַן can mean to give, place, put, set, deliver, appoint, cause, hand over, allow, produce, assign, render, or make. A father gives his daughter in marriage. A king appoints an official. God gives rain to the land. A man delivers his enemy into another's hands. The word does not carry a single nuance but a governing posture: something is transferred, entrusted, released, or assigned. Agency moves. What was held is now extended toward another.
When the subject is God, נָתַן becomes one of the most expansive verbs of divine generosity in Scripture. God gives the land to Abraham's seed. He gives rest to Israel. He gives his law at Sinai. He gives kings, gives rain, gives commands, gives children to the barren, gives deliverance to the hunted, gives an everlasting covenant. The repetition is not incidental — it is the texture of covenant life. Israel exists because God gave: gave rescue, gave inheritance, gave name, gave presence, gave future.
But נָתַן also moves in darker directions. Israel is given over to enemies when she breaks the covenant. Cities are given into judgment. A person can give themselves over to folly or to faithfulness. The same verb that describes divine generosity can describe divine discipline, human betrayal, and the handing over of the innocent. Preachers need both registers. The word opens the full range of what it means to live inside a covenant with a God who acts, transfers, appoints, and — when mercy runs out — hands over.
Pastorally, נָתַן keeps pointing toward a God who is not hoarding. He gives and gives and gives again — land, law, life, covenant, and eventually, in the fullness of time, his Son. The verb's sheer frequency is itself a theological witness: Israel's entire story is held together by the one who keeps giving.
Form in passage Niphal · Imperfect · 2nd Person · Masculine · Singular What is this?
Sense to give, hand over, deliver
Definition To give or deliver into another's hand.
References Jeremiah 37:17
Lexicon to give, hand over, deliver
Why it matters Jeremiah tells Zedekiah he will be handed over to Babylon, the same fixed judgment word.
Cross-language bridge 1 link · View in lexicon
Pastoral Entry
נָבִיא is the OT's title for those whom YHWH called to speak His word into Israel's history — not at their own initiative but under compulsion, often at great personal cost. Amos 7:14-15 is the normative self-portrait: 'I was no prophet, nor a prophet's son, but I was a herdsman... and the Lord took me from following the flock and the Lord said to me, Go, prophesy to my people Israel.'
The נָבִיא does not choose the role; he is chosen for it. The prophets stand in two postures: intercession (standing before YHWH on Israel's behalf, like Abraham in Gen 20:7 — the first occurrence of נָבִיא in the OT) and proclamation (standing before Israel on YHWH's behalf). Both are present in Moses, who is the paradigm נָבִיא. Deut 18:15 promises a prophet like Moses — and the NT reads that promise as arriving in Jesus, who speaks with the authority of YHWH directly ('you have heard it said...
But I say to you') and in whom the intercessory and proclamatory dimensions of the office are fulfilled simultaneously.
Sense prophets, spokesmen
Definition Prophets or speakers claiming divine message.
References Jeremiah 37:19
Lexicon prophets, spokesmen
Why it matters Jeremiah exposes the false prophets who said Babylon would not attack.
Sense court of the guard, guarded courtyard
Definition A guarded courtyard used for confinement.
References Jeremiah 37:21
Lexicon court of the guard, guarded courtyard
Why it matters Jeremiah is moved there as a limited act of protection from a harsher prison.
Pastoral Entry
לֶחֶם (lechem) is the Hebrew word for bread and food — the most fundamental human provision — and in its most theologically charged uses, the sign of YHWH's providential care and the pointer to the word of YHWH as humanity's true food. The local Hebrew index currently counts about 299 occurrences, from the curse of Genesis 3:19 ('by the sweat of your face you shall eat lechem') to the wilderness manna (Exod 16) to Deuteronomy 8:3's pivotal declaration that 'man does not live by lechem alone' to Amos's prophecy of a famine not of lechem but of YHWH's words (Amos 8:11). Lechem is the physical provision that points beyond itself to the One who provides it, and beyond provision to the word that sustains life at a deeper level than food.
Genesis 3:19 gives lechem its first theological weight: 'by the sweat of your face you shall eat lechem, until you return to the ground.' Before the fall, provision was untroubled (Gen 2:9, every tree pleasant to the sight and good for food). After the fall, lechem is earned through painful toil — the ground resists, thorns and thistles grow, and bread is the hard-won product of fallen labor. Every meal in a fallen world is thus a reminder of both human dignity (we are made to eat, to receive provision) and human fallenness (provision now costs us).
Exodus 16 gives lechem its miraculous-provision center: the manna, which YHWH calls 'lechem from heaven' (v. 4). Israel complains that they left behind the fleshpots and 'ate lechem to the full' in Egypt (v. 3) — they remember provision under slavery as abundance. YHWH's response is to rain lechem from heaven: a daily, supernatural provision that lasts exactly as long as needed (double on the sixth day, none on the seventh), that cannot be stored or hoarded (the extra rots, v. 20), and that teaches dependence. The manna-lechem is the school of daily provision: 'that I may test them, whether they will walk in my law or not' (v. 4).
Deuteronomy 8:3 gives lechem its most theologically defining use: 'And he humbled you and let you hunger and fed you with manna, which you did not know, nor did your fathers know, that he might make you know that man does not live by lechem alone, but man lives by every word that comes from the mouth of YHWH.' The manna-lechem teaches the lesson that lechem itself cannot teach: human life depends on YHWH's word at a more fundamental level than it depends on physical food. This is the verse Jesus quotes when tempted in the wilderness after forty days of fasting (Matt 4:4; Luke 4:4) — the one who is himself the Word made flesh refuses to turn stones to bread precisely because he knows that YHWH's word is the deeper lechem.
Isaiah 55:2 gives lechem its invitation-theology: 'Why do you spend your money for what is not lechem, and your labor for what does not satisfy? Listen diligently to me, and eat what is good, and delight yourselves in rich food (deshen, fatness).' YHWH's invitation to the hungry is to come to the lechem that truly satisfies, which is his word and his covenant. The contrast between 'what is not lechem' (idols, false securities, empty pursuits) and the 'good thing' (tov) of YHWH's provision is the structural theology of Isaiah 55.
For the preacher, לֶחֶם (lechem) gives the physical the theological: every meal is a gift of the Creator-Provider; every hunger is an opportunity to learn that YHWH's word is more fundamental than food; every satisfaction is a foretaste of the feast YHWH will provide in the end.
Sense bread, food
Definition Bread or food, the staple provision.
References Jeremiah 37:21
Lexicon bread, food
Why it matters Jeremiah receives daily bread until the city's bread is gone, indicating both preservation and siege scarcity.
Lexicon data: MorphGNT Strong's Dictionary XML (CC0) · Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (CC BY 4.0) · Open Scriptures Hebrew Lexicon (CC BY 4.0) · STEPBible Data (CC BY 4.0) · Full details
| v.1 | H4427מָלַךְHiphil · Perfect · Indicative |
| v.10 | H5221נָכָהHiphil · Perfect · IndicativeH1856דָּקַרPual · Participle passiveH6965קוּםQal · Imperfect · Indicative/jussive |
| v.13 | H5307נָפַלQal · Participle |
| v.14 | H5307נָפַלQal · ParticipleH8085שָׁמַעQal · Perfect · Indicative |
| v.15 | H6213עָשָׂהQal · Perfect · Indicative |
| v.16 | H935בּוֹאQal · Perfect · Indicative |
| v.17 | H5414נָתַןNiphal · Imperfect · Indicative/jussive |
| v.18 | H2398חָטָאQal · Perfect · IndicativeH5414נָתַןQal · Perfect · Indicative |
| v.19 | H5012נָבָאNiphal · Perfect · IndicativeH935בּוֹאQal · Imperfect · Indicative/jussive |
| v.2 | H8085שָׁמַעQal · Perfect · IndicativeH1696דָבַרPiel · Perfect · Indicative |
| v.20 | H8085שָׁמַעQal · Imperative · ImperativeH5307נָפַלQal · Imperfect · JussiveH4191מוּתQal · Imperfect · Indicative/cohortative |
| v.21 | H8552תָּמַםQal · Infinitive construct |
| v.3 | H6419פָּלַלHithpael · Imperative · Imperative |
| v.4 | H935בּוֹאQal · ParticipleH5414נָתַןQal · Perfect · Indicative |
| v.5 | H3318יָצָאQal · Perfect · Indicative |
| v.7 | H559אָמַרQal · Perfect · IndicativeH559אָמַרQal · Imperfect · Indicative/jussiveH7725שׁוּבQal · Perfect · Indicative |
| v.9 | H559אָמַרQal · Perfect · IndicativeH5377נָשָׁאHiphil · Imperfect · JussiveH1980הָלַךְQal · Infinitive absoluteH3212יָלַךְQal · Imperfect · Indicative/jussiveH3212יָלַךְQal · Imperfect · Indicative/jussive |
Aspect in Hebrew is grammatical form, not tense. Perfect = completed action; Imperfect = incomplete/ongoing. Stem modifies action type (Qal=simple, Niphal=passive, Piel=intensive).
Morphology: OSHB WLC (Open Scriptures, CC BY 4.0) · STEPBible TEHMC (Tyndale House, CC BY 4.0)
Theological Argument
Jeremiah 37 argues that seeking prayer while refusing God's word is not faithfulness. Zedekiah wants Jeremiah's intercession and private guidance, but he does not listen to the Lord's public message. The temporary withdrawal of Babylon because of Egypt becomes an occasion for self-deception, but the Lord's word remains unchanged: Babylon will return and burn the city.
Jeremiah's suffering demonstrates the cost of faithful proclamation in a fearful society. He is accused of treason not because he is disloyal but because he has spoken the truth Judah does not want to hear. The chapter teaches that circumstances can briefly appear to contradict God's word, but the word of the Lord interprets circumstances, not the reverse.
From refusal to listen, to prayer request, to judgment certainty, to false accusation, to secret inquiry, to limited preservation.
- 1.The fundamental problem is refusal to listen.
- 2.Prayer without obedience is spiritually incoherent.
- 3.Political circumstances cannot overturn divine judgment.
- 4.Self-deception feeds false security.
- 5.The LORD's word is certain beyond military probability.
- 6.Faithful prophets may be treated as enemies by the people they serve.
- 7.Secret inquiry cannot replace public obedience.
- 8.False prophecy collapses under history.
Theological Focus
- Refusal to Listen
- Prayer Without Obedience
- False Security
- Certainty of the Lord's Word
- Self Deception
- Prophetic Suffering
- Failure of False Prophets
- Secret Fearful Leadership
- Divine Preservation
- Authority of God's Word
- Human Hardness
- Prayer and Obedience
- Providence
- Judgment
- False Prophecy
- Christ the Faithful Prophet
Covenant Significance
Jeremiah 37 shows covenant failure as refusal to listen to the Lord. The king seeks prayer but not covenant obedience. The people trust political movement rather than the covenant word. The chapter stands in contrast to the New Covenant promises of Jeremiah 31-33, showing the need for hearts that hear, fear, and obey the Lord.
- The chapter begins by stating that king, officials, and people did not listen to the Lord's words.
- Intercession is requested, but without submission it becomes hollow.
- The Lord warns Judah not to deceive itself about Babylon's withdrawal.
- Jerusalem will be captured and burned because the Lord's judgment word stands.
- Jeremiah's word stands against prophets who promised Babylon would not attack.
- Zedekiah's secret fear and refusal to obey reveal the need for New Covenant transformation.
Canonical Connections
Zedekiah wants Jeremiah's prayers and private counsel, but because he refuses the Lord's word, Babylon's temporary withdrawal cannot save Jerusalem from the judgment God has spoken.
Canon-Wide Connections
Cross-reference data: OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0)
Jeremiah 37 clarifies the gospel by exposing the insufficiency of religious request without surrendered faith. Zedekiah asks for prayer but refuses the word. He wants help from God without submission to God. This is a perennial human condition. The gospel does not offer Christ as a religious accessory to preserve our preferred outcomes. It calls sinners to repent, believe, and bow to the true King.
Christ is the faithful Prophet greater than Jeremiah, falsely accused and rejected, yet through his death and resurrection he provides forgiveness and gives the Spirit so that God's people no longer merely request help while resisting his word.
Primary Emphasis
Jeremiah 37 contributes to Christ-centered theology by portraying the faithful prophet falsely accused, rejected, and imprisoned while declaring the true word of God. Jeremiah is not Christ, but his suffering anticipates the pattern of righteous prophetic witness opposed by fearful authorities. Jesus, the true and final Prophet, also spoke the word of God faithfully, was accused falsely, rejected by leaders, and handed over under political pressure.
Unlike Zedekiah, who sought private counsel without obedience, Christ perfectly hears and obeys the Father. Through Christ, God's people receive not merely warning but the New Covenant heart able to hear, trust, and obey.
Chapter Contribution
Jeremiah 37 argues that seeking prayer while refusing God's word is not faithfulness. Zedekiah wants Jeremiah's intercession and private guidance, but he does not listen to the Lord's public message. The temporary withdrawal of Babylon because of Egypt becomes an occasion for self-deception, but the Lord's word remains unchanged: Babylon will return and burn the city.
Jeremiah's suffering demonstrates the cost of faithful proclamation in a fearful society. He is accused of treason not because he is disloyal but because he has spoken the truth Judah does not want to hear. The chapter teaches that circumstances can briefly appear to contradict God's word, but the word of the Lord interprets circumstances, not the reverse.
Trace servant identity, obedient mission, and suffering service across Scripture.
When God pronounces judgment, human efforts cannot prevent its fulfillment.
God directs the movements of nations and armies to accomplish His purposes.
Political events such as military movements occur within the sovereign purposes of God.
God’s servants must proclaim His truth faithfully even when doing so places them in danger.
Political leaders remain accountable to the authority of God’s revealed word.
People often misinterpret circumstances in ways that support their desires rather than God’s revealed word.
Sinful leaders may persecute God’s servants despite their innocence.
People may seek God’s help in times of crisis while continuing to reject His authority.
True prophets proclaim God’s message without compromise or fear.
Prophets serve as intermediaries through whom God communicates His will to His people.
The suffering of God’s prophets is part of the broader biblical pattern of faithful endurance.
The Lord's word through Jeremiah remains true despite Babylon's temporary withdrawal.
Zedekiah, his attendants, and the people refuse to listen while still seeking religious help.
Prayer requests without submission to the Lord's word are exposed as spiritually hollow.
Egypt's movement and Babylon's withdrawal are subordinate to the Lord's declared purpose.
Jerusalem will be captured and burned by Babylon according to the Lord's word.
False prophets who deny Babylonian judgment are exposed by the fulfillment of the Lord's word.
Jeremiah suffers false accusation, beating, and imprisonment for faithful ministry.
Jeremiah's faithful witness under false accusation contributes canonically to the pattern fulfilled perfectly in Christ.
Theological exposition and fulfillment
- Jeremiah 37 forms honest prayer, obedient listening, resistance to self-deception, courage under false accusation, and trust in God's word over temporary appearances.
Jeremiah 37 forms honest prayer, obedient listening, resistance to self-deception, courage under false accusation, and trust in God's word over temporary appearances.
- Obedient prayer - Ask for prayer with a heart ready to hear and obey God's word.
- Circumstance discernment - Do not let temporary relief override revealed truth.
- Anti-deception vigilance - Regularly ask where you may be interpreting events to avoid repentance.
- Truth consistency - Speak and receive the same truth privately and publicly.
- Faithful endurance - Endure misunderstanding and accusation without abandoning the Lord's word.
- False counsel audit - Compare comforting counsel with Scripture and with historical fruit.
- Christ-shaped courage - Look to Christ, who bore false accusation and obeyed openly.
- Jeremiah 37 warns against prayer without obedience, political optimism that contradicts God's word, secret religiosity, self-deception, and punishing faithful truth-tellers.
- Do not ask for prayer while refusing the word.
- Do not interpret temporary relief as divine approval.
- Do not deceive yourself with favorable circumstances.
- Do not treat God's faithful messengers as enemies.
- Do not seek private words from God while refusing public obedience.
- Do not trust prophets whose words collapse under God's revealed truth.
- Do not confuse limited mercy with escape from judgment.
- Zedekiah's request for prayer shows that he was repentant. - The chapter explicitly says Zedekiah, his attendants, and the people did not pay attention to the Lord's words.
- Babylon's withdrawal proves Jeremiah's prophecy failed. - Jeremiah declares that the withdrawal is temporary and Babylon will return to burn the city.
- Egypt's intervention is a sign of deliverance. - The Lord says Pharaoh's army will return to Egypt and will not save Jerusalem.
- Jeremiah was arrested because he was actually collaborating with Babylon. - Jeremiah denies the charge as false. He was going to Benjamin concerning property or his share among the people.
- Zedekiah's secret consultation is admirable spiritual hunger. - It shows fear and curiosity without obedient courage.
- Jeremiah's message changes in private. - He gives Zedekiah the same essential word: he will be handed over to Babylon.
- False prophets can be ignored as harmless. - Jeremiah exposes their failure because their words fostered deadly false security.
- Where am I asking God for help while refusing something he has already made clear?
- What temporary relief am I interpreting as proof that I do not need to repent?
- What is my Egypt, the earthly hope I trust when God's word feels too hard?
- Do I seek private spiritual reassurance because I lack courage to obey publicly?
- How do I treat those who tell me hard truth from God's word?
- Where have false promises failed, and what did God's word say all along?
- How does Christ's faithful witness under false accusation strengthen me to stand in truth?
- Preach Jeremiah 37 as a warning against prayer requests that avoid obedience. The issue is not whether Zedekiah knows how to use religious language, but whether he listens to the Lord.
- Use this chapter with those who seek spiritual comfort while refusing clear biblical obedience. Gentle but direct diagnosis is needed: prayer is not a substitute for surrender.
- Zedekiah is a case study in fearful leadership. He wants private truth but lacks public obedience, creating ruin for himself and the people.
- Teach believers to beware temporary circumstances that appear to disprove God's warning. Relief is not always repentance, and delay is not always deliverance.
- Jeremiah models consistency. He says the same hard word to the king privately that he has spoken publicly.
- The chapter helps shepherd those falsely accused for faithfulness, especially when their truth is misrepresented as disloyalty.
- Jeremiah's question, 'Where are your prophets?' is useful for exposing counsel that sounded comforting but contradicted the Lord.
C.F. Keil & F. Delitzsch, Commentary on the Old Testament (1861–91) — public domain
The Biblical World
Chapter At A Glance
The chapter moves from Zedekiah's refusal to listen, to his request for Jeremiah's prayer, to the Lord's warning that Egypt cannot save Jerusalem, to Jeremiah's unjust arrest, to Zedekiah's secret inquiry, and finally to Jeremiah's transfer to the courtyard of the guard.
Jeremiah 37 shows covenant failure as refusal to listen to the Lord. The king seeks prayer but not covenant obedience. The people trust political movement rather than the covenant word. The chapter stands in contrast to the New Covenant promises of Jeremiah 31-33, showing the need for hearts that hear, fear, and obey the Lord.
Jeremiah 37 clarifies the gospel by exposing the insufficiency of religious request without surrendered faith. Zedekiah asks for prayer but refuses the word. He wants help from God without submission to God. This is a perennial human condition. The gospel does not offer Christ as a religious accessory to preserve our preferred outcomes. It calls sinners to repent, believe, and bow to the true King.
Christ is the faithful Prophet greater than Jeremiah, falsely accused and rejected, yet through his death and resurrection he provides forgiveness and gives the Spirit so that God's people no longer merely request help while resisting his word.
Focus Points
- Refusal to Listen
- Prayer Without Obedience
- False Security
- Certainty of the Lord's Word
- Self-Deception
- Prophetic Suffering
- Failure of False Prophets
- Secret Fearful Leadership
- Divine Preservation
- Authority of God's Word
- Human Hardness
- Prayer and Obedience
- Providence
- Judgment
- False Prophecy
- Christ the Faithful Prophet
Passages
Chapter opening: Jeremiah 37:1-5
Jer 37:6-10 Then came the word of the Lord to this effect: Jer 37:7. "Thus saith Jahveh, the God of Israel: Thus shall ye say to the king of Judah who hath sent you to me to ask at me, Behold, the army of Pharaoh, which marched out to your help, will return to Egypt, their own land. Jer 37:8. And the Chaldeans shall return and fight against this city, and take it, and burn it with fire.
Jer 37:9. Thus saith Jahveh: Do not deceive yourselves by thinking, The Chaldeans will quite withdraw from us; for they will not withdraw. Jer 37:10. For, even though he had beaten the whole army of the Chaldeans who are fighting with you, and there remained of them only some who had been pierced through and through, yet they would rise up, every man in his tent, and burn this city with fire."
In order to cut off every hope, the prophet announces that the Egyptians will bring no help, but withdraw to their own land before the Chaldeans who went out to meet them, without having accomplished their object; but then the Chaldeans will return, continue the siege, take the city and burn it. To assure them of this, he adds: "Ye must not deceive yourselves with the vain hope that the Chaldeans may possibly be defeated and driven back by the Egyptians.
The destruction of Jerusalem is so certain that, even supposing you were actually to defeat and repulse the Chaldeans, and only some few grievously wounded ones remained in the tents, these would rise up and burn the city." In הלוך ילכוּ the inf. abs. is to be observed, as strengthening the idea contained in the verb: "to depart wholly or completely;" הלך is here to "depart, withdraw."
אנשׁים in contrast with חיל are separate individuals. מדקּר, pierced through by sword or lance, i. e. , grievously, mortally wounded.
Jer 37:6-10 Then came the word of the Lord to this effect: Jer 37:7. "Thus saith Jahveh, the God of Israel: Thus shall ye say to the king of Judah who hath sent you to me to ask at me, Behold, the army of Pharaoh, which marched out to your help, will return to Egypt, their own land. Jer 37:8. And the Chaldeans shall return and fight against this city, and take it, and burn it with fire.
Jer 37:9. Thus saith Jahveh: Do not deceive yourselves by thinking, The Chaldeans will quite withdraw from us; for they will not withdraw. Jer 37:10. For, even though he had beaten the whole army of the Chaldeans who are fighting with you, and there remained of them only some who had been pierced through and through, yet they would rise up, every man in his tent, and burn this city with fire."
In order to cut off every hope, the prophet announces that the Egyptians will bring no help, but withdraw to their own land before the Chaldeans who went out to meet them, without having accomplished their object; but then the Chaldeans will return, continue the siege, take the city and burn it. To assure them of this, he adds: "Ye must not deceive yourselves with the vain hope that the Chaldeans may possibly be defeated and driven back by the Egyptians.
The destruction of Jerusalem is so certain that, even supposing you were actually to defeat and repulse the Chaldeans, and only some few grievously wounded ones remained in the tents, these would rise up and burn the city." In הלוך ילכוּ the inf. abs. is to be observed, as strengthening the idea contained in the verb: "to depart wholly or completely;" הלך is here to "depart, withdraw."
אנשׁים in contrast with חיל are separate individuals. מדקּר, pierced through by sword or lance, i. e. , grievously, mortally wounded.
Jer 37:6-10 Then came the word of the Lord to this effect: Jer 37:7. "Thus saith Jahveh, the God of Israel: Thus shall ye say to the king of Judah who hath sent you to me to ask at me, Behold, the army of Pharaoh, which marched out to your help, will return to Egypt, their own land. Jer 37:8. And the Chaldeans shall return and fight against this city, and take it, and burn it with fire.
Jer 37:9. Thus saith Jahveh: Do not deceive yourselves by thinking, The Chaldeans will quite withdraw from us; for they will not withdraw. Jer 37:10. For, even though he had beaten the whole army of the Chaldeans who are fighting with you, and there remained of them only some who had been pierced through and through, yet they would rise up, every man in his tent, and burn this city with fire."
In order to cut off every hope, the prophet announces that the Egyptians will bring no help, but withdraw to their own land before the Chaldeans who went out to meet them, without having accomplished their object; but then the Chaldeans will return, continue the siege, take the city and burn it. To assure them of this, he adds: "Ye must not deceive yourselves with the vain hope that the Chaldeans may possibly be defeated and driven back by the Egyptians.
The destruction of Jerusalem is so certain that, even supposing you were actually to defeat and repulse the Chaldeans, and only some few grievously wounded ones remained in the tents, these would rise up and burn the city." In הלוך ילכוּ the inf. abs. is to be observed, as strengthening the idea contained in the verb: "to depart wholly or completely;" הלך is here to "depart, withdraw."
אנשׁים in contrast with חיל are separate individuals. מדקּר, pierced through by sword or lance, i. e. , grievously, mortally wounded.
Jer 37:6-10 Then came the word of the Lord to this effect: Jer 37:7. "Thus saith Jahveh, the God of Israel: Thus shall ye say to the king of Judah who hath sent you to me to ask at me, Behold, the army of Pharaoh, which marched out to your help, will return to Egypt, their own land. Jer 37:8. And the Chaldeans shall return and fight against this city, and take it, and burn it with fire.
Jer 37:9. Thus saith Jahveh: Do not deceive yourselves by thinking, The Chaldeans will quite withdraw from us; for they will not withdraw. Jer 37:10. For, even though he had beaten the whole army of the Chaldeans who are fighting with you, and there remained of them only some who had been pierced through and through, yet they would rise up, every man in his tent, and burn this city with fire."
In order to cut off every hope, the prophet announces that the Egyptians will bring no help, but withdraw to their own land before the Chaldeans who went out to meet them, without having accomplished their object; but then the Chaldeans will return, continue the siege, take the city and burn it. To assure them of this, he adds: "Ye must not deceive yourselves with the vain hope that the Chaldeans may possibly be defeated and driven back by the Egyptians.
The destruction of Jerusalem is so certain that, even supposing you were actually to defeat and repulse the Chaldeans, and only some few grievously wounded ones remained in the tents, these would rise up and burn the city." In הלוך ילכוּ the inf. abs. is to be observed, as strengthening the idea contained in the verb: "to depart wholly or completely;" הלך is here to "depart, withdraw."
אנשׁים in contrast with חיל are separate individuals. מדקּר, pierced through by sword or lance, i. e. , grievously, mortally wounded.
Jer 37:6-10 Then came the word of the Lord to this effect: Jer 37:7. "Thus saith Jahveh, the God of Israel: Thus shall ye say to the king of Judah who hath sent you to me to ask at me, Behold, the army of Pharaoh, which marched out to your help, will return to Egypt, their own land. Jer 37:8. And the Chaldeans shall return and fight against this city, and take it, and burn it with fire.
Jer 37:9. Thus saith Jahveh: Do not deceive yourselves by thinking, The Chaldeans will quite withdraw from us; for they will not withdraw. Jer 37:10. For, even though he had beaten the whole army of the Chaldeans who are fighting with you, and there remained of them only some who had been pierced through and through, yet they would rise up, every man in his tent, and burn this city with fire."
In order to cut off every hope, the prophet announces that the Egyptians will bring no help, but withdraw to their own land before the Chaldeans who went out to meet them, without having accomplished their object; but then the Chaldeans will return, continue the siege, take the city and burn it. To assure them of this, he adds: "Ye must not deceive yourselves with the vain hope that the Chaldeans may possibly be defeated and driven back by the Egyptians.
The destruction of Jerusalem is so certain that, even supposing you were actually to defeat and repulse the Chaldeans, and only some few grievously wounded ones remained in the tents, these would rise up and burn the city." In הלוך ילכוּ the inf. abs. is to be observed, as strengthening the idea contained in the verb: "to depart wholly or completely;" הלך is here to "depart, withdraw."
אנשׁים in contrast with חיל are separate individuals. מדקּר, pierced through by sword or lance, i. e. , grievously, mortally wounded.
Jer 37:11-12 The imprisonment of Jeremiah. - During the time when the Chaldeans, on account of the advancing army of pharaoh, had withdrawn from Jerusalem and raised the siege, "Jeremiah went out of the city to go to the land of Benjamin, in order to bring thence his portion among the people." והיה, in accordance with later usage, for ויהי, as in Jer 3:9; cf.
Ewald, §345, b . לחלק is explained in various ways. לחלק for להחליק can scarcely have any other meaning than to share, receive a share; and in connection with משּׁם, "to receive a portion thence," not, to receive an inheritance ( Syr. , Chald. , Vulg. ), for משּׁם does not suit this meaning. The lxx render τοῦ ἀγοράσαι ἐκεῖθεν, which Theodoret explains by πρίασθαι ἄρτους.
All other explanations have still less in their favour. We must connect בּתוך העם with 'ללכת וגו, since it is unsuitable for לחלק משּׁם.
Jer 37:11-12 The imprisonment of Jeremiah. - During the time when the Chaldeans, on account of the advancing army of pharaoh, had withdrawn from Jerusalem and raised the siege, "Jeremiah went out of the city to go to the land of Benjamin, in order to bring thence his portion among the people." והיה, in accordance with later usage, for ויהי, as in Jer 3:9; cf.
Ewald, §345, b . לחלק is explained in various ways. לחלק for להחליק can scarcely have any other meaning than to share, receive a share; and in connection with משּׁם, "to receive a portion thence," not, to receive an inheritance ( Syr. , Chald. , Vulg. ), for משּׁם does not suit this meaning. The lxx render τοῦ ἀγοράσαι ἐκεῖθεν, which Theodoret explains by πρίασθαι ἄρτους.
All other explanations have still less in their favour. We must connect בּתוך העם with 'ללכת וגו, since it is unsuitable for לחלק משּׁם.
Jer 37:13 When he was entering the gate of Benjamin, where Jeriah the son of Shelemiah kept watch, the latter seized him, saying, "Thou desirest to go over to the Chaldeans" (נפל אל־, see on Jer 21:9). The gate of Benjamin (Jer 38:7; Jer 14:10) was the north gate of the city, through which ran the road to Benjamin and Ephraim; hence it was also called the gate of Ephraim, 2Ki 14:13; Neh 8:16.
בּעל, "holder of the oversight," he who kept the watch, or commander of the watch at the gate. "The accusation was founded on the well-known views and opinions of Jeremiah (Jer 21:9); but it was mere sophistry, for the simple reason that the Chaldeans were no longer lying before the city" (Hitzig).
Jer 37:14-15 Jeremiah replied: "A lie [= not true; cf. 2Ki 9:12] ; I am not going over to the Chaldeans. But he gave no heed to him; so Jeriah seized Jeremiah, and brought him to the princes. Jer 37:15. And the princes were angry against Jeremiah, and smote him, and put him in prison, in the house of Jonathan the scribe; for they had made it the prison," - probably because it contained apartments suitable for the purpose.
From Jer 37:16 we perceive that they were subterranean prisons and vaults into which the prisoners were thrust; and from v. 28 and Jer 38:26, it is clear that Jeremiah was in a confinement much more severe and dangerous to his life. There he sat many days, i. e. , a pretty long time.
Jer 37:14-15 Jeremiah replied: "A lie [= not true; cf. 2Ki 9:12] ; I am not going over to the Chaldeans. But he gave no heed to him; so Jeriah seized Jeremiah, and brought him to the princes. Jer 37:15. And the princes were angry against Jeremiah, and smote him, and put him in prison, in the house of Jonathan the scribe; for they had made it the prison," - probably because it contained apartments suitable for the purpose.
From Jer 37:16 we perceive that they were subterranean prisons and vaults into which the prisoners were thrust; and from v. 28 and Jer 38:26, it is clear that Jeremiah was in a confinement much more severe and dangerous to his life. There he sat many days, i. e. , a pretty long time.
Jer 37:16-21 Examination of the prophet by the king, and alleviation of his confinement. - Jer 37:16. "When Jeremiah had got into the dungeon and into the vaults, and had sat there many days, then Zedekiah the king sent and fetched him, and questioned him in his own house (palace) secretly," etc. Jer 37:16 is by most interpreters joined with the foregoing, but the words כּי בּא do not properly permit of this.
For if we take the verse as a further confirmation of ויּקצפוּ השׂרים, "the princes vented their wrath on Jeremiah, beat him," etc. , "for Jeremiah came... ," then it must be acknowledged that the account would be very long and lumbering. כּי בּא is too widely separated from יקצפוּ. But the passages, 1Sa 2:21, where כּי פּקד is supposed to stand for ויּפקד, and Isa 39:1, where ויּשׁמע is thought to have arisen out of כּי, 2Ki 20:12, are not very strong proofs, since there, as here, no error in writing is marked.
The Vulgate has itaque ingressus ; many therefore would change כּי into כּן; but this also is quite arbitrary. Accordingly, with Rosenmüller, we connect Jer 37:16 with the following, and take כּי as a temporal particle; in this, the most we miss is ו copulative, or ויהי. In the preceding sentence the prison of the prophet is somewhat minutely described, in order to prepare us for the request that follows in Jer 37:20.
Jeremiah was in a בּית־בּור, "house of a pit," cf. Exo 12:29, i. e. , a subterranean prison, and in החניּות. This word only occurs here; but in the kindred dialects it means vaults, stalls, shops; hence it possibly signifies here subterranean prison-cells, so that אל־החניּות more exactly determines what בּית־הבּור is. This meaning of the word is, at any rate, more certain than that given by Eb.
Scheid in Rosenmüller, who renders חניות by flexa , curvata ; then, supplying ligna , he thinks of the stocks to which the prisoners were fastened. - The king questioned him בּסּתר, "in secret," namely, through fear of his ministers and court-officers, who were prejudiced against the prophet, perhaps also in the hope of receiving in a private interview a message from God of more favourable import.
To the question of the king, "Is there any word from Jahveh?" Jeremiah replies in the affirmative; but the word of God is this, "Thou shalt be given into the hand of the king of Babylon," just as Jeremiah had previously announced to him; cf. Jer 32:4; Jer 34:3. - Jeremiah took this opportunity of complaining about his imprisonment, saying, Jer 37:18, "In what have I sinned against thee, or against thy servants, or against this people, that ye have put me in prison?
Jer 37:19. And where are your prophets, who prophesied to you, The king of Babylon shall not come against you, nor against this land?" Jeremiah appeals to his perfect innocence (Jer 37:18), and to the confirmation of his prediction by its event. The interview with the king took place when the Chaldeans, after driving the Egyptians out of the country, had recommenced the siege of Jerusalem, and, as is evident from Jer 37:21, were pressing the city very hard.
The Kethib איו is to be read איּו, formed from איּה with the suffix וׁ; the idea of the suffix has gradually become obscured, so that it stands here before a noun in the plural. The Qeri requires איּה. The question, Where are your prophets? means, Let these prophets come forward and vindicate their lying prophecies. Not what these men had prophesied, but what Jeremiah had declared had come to pass; his imprisonment, accordingly, was unjust.
- Besides thus appealing to his innocence, Jeremiah, Jer 37:20, entreats the king, "Let my supplication come before thee, and do not send me back into the house of Jonathan the scribe, that I may not die there." For 'תּפּל־נא ת see on Jer 36:7. The king granted this request. "He commanded, and they put Jeremiah into the court of the watch [of the royal palace, see on Jer 32:2], and gave him a loaf of bread daily out of the bakers’ street, till all the bread in the city was consumed;" cf.
Jer 52:6. The king did not give him his liberty, because Jeremiah held to his views, that were so distasteful to the king (see on Jer 32:3). "So Jeremiah remained in the court of the guard." In this chapter two events are mentioned which took place in the last period of the siege of Jerusalem, shortly before the capture of the city by the Chaldeans. According to Jer 38:4, the number of fighting men had now very much decreased; and according to Jer 38:19, the number of deserters to the Chaldeans had become large.
Moreover, according to Jer 38:9, famine had already begun to prevail; this hastened the fall of the city.
Jer 37:16-21 Examination of the prophet by the king, and alleviation of his confinement. - Jer 37:16. "When Jeremiah had got into the dungeon and into the vaults, and had sat there many days, then Zedekiah the king sent and fetched him, and questioned him in his own house (palace) secretly," etc. Jer 37:16 is by most interpreters joined with the foregoing, but the words כּי בּא do not properly permit of this.
For if we take the verse as a further confirmation of ויּקצפוּ השׂרים, "the princes vented their wrath on Jeremiah, beat him," etc. , "for Jeremiah came... ," then it must be acknowledged that the account would be very long and lumbering. כּי בּא is too widely separated from יקצפוּ. But the passages, 1Sa 2:21, where כּי פּקד is supposed to stand for ויּפקד, and Isa 39:1, where ויּשׁמע is thought to have arisen out of כּי, 2Ki 20:12, are not very strong proofs, since there, as here, no error in writing is marked.
The Vulgate has itaque ingressus ; many therefore would change כּי into כּן; but this also is quite arbitrary. Accordingly, with Rosenmüller, we connect Jer 37:16 with the following, and take כּי as a temporal particle; in this, the most we miss is ו copulative, or ויהי. In the preceding sentence the prison of the prophet is somewhat minutely described, in order to prepare us for the request that follows in Jer 37:20.
Jeremiah was in a בּית־בּור, "house of a pit," cf. Exo 12:29, i. e. , a subterranean prison, and in החניּות. This word only occurs here; but in the kindred dialects it means vaults, stalls, shops; hence it possibly signifies here subterranean prison-cells, so that אל־החניּות more exactly determines what בּית־הבּור is. This meaning of the word is, at any rate, more certain than that given by Eb.
Scheid in Rosenmüller, who renders חניות by flexa , curvata ; then, supplying ligna , he thinks of the stocks to which the prisoners were fastened. - The king questioned him בּסּתר, "in secret," namely, through fear of his ministers and court-officers, who were prejudiced against the prophet, perhaps also in the hope of receiving in a private interview a message from God of more favourable import.
To the question of the king, "Is there any word from Jahveh?" Jeremiah replies in the affirmative; but the word of God is this, "Thou shalt be given into the hand of the king of Babylon," just as Jeremiah had previously announced to him; cf. Jer 32:4; Jer 34:3. - Jeremiah took this opportunity of complaining about his imprisonment, saying, Jer 37:18, "In what have I sinned against thee, or against thy servants, or against this people, that ye have put me in prison?
Jer 37:19. And where are your prophets, who prophesied to you, The king of Babylon shall not come against you, nor against this land?" Jeremiah appeals to his perfect innocence (Jer 37:18), and to the confirmation of his prediction by its event. The interview with the king took place when the Chaldeans, after driving the Egyptians out of the country, had recommenced the siege of Jerusalem, and, as is evident from Jer 37:21, were pressing the city very hard.
The Kethib איו is to be read איּו, formed from איּה with the suffix וׁ; the idea of the suffix has gradually become obscured, so that it stands here before a noun in the plural. The Qeri requires איּה. The question, Where are your prophets? means, Let these prophets come forward and vindicate their lying prophecies. Not what these men had prophesied, but what Jeremiah had declared had come to pass; his imprisonment, accordingly, was unjust.
- Besides thus appealing to his innocence, Jeremiah, Jer 37:20, entreats the king, "Let my supplication come before thee, and do not send me back into the house of Jonathan the scribe, that I may not die there." For 'תּפּל־נא ת see on Jer 36:7. The king granted this request. "He commanded, and they put Jeremiah into the court of the watch [of the royal palace, see on Jer 32:2], and gave him a loaf of bread daily out of the bakers’ street, till all the bread in the city was consumed;" cf.
Jer 52:6. The king did not give him his liberty, because Jeremiah held to his views, that were so distasteful to the king (see on Jer 32:3). "So Jeremiah remained in the court of the guard." In this chapter two events are mentioned which took place in the last period of the siege of Jerusalem, shortly before the capture of the city by the Chaldeans. According to Jer 38:4, the number of fighting men had now very much decreased; and according to Jer 38:19, the number of deserters to the Chaldeans had become large.
Moreover, according to Jer 38:9, famine had already begun to prevail; this hastened the fall of the city.
Jer 37:16-21 Examination of the prophet by the king, and alleviation of his confinement. - Jer 37:16. "When Jeremiah had got into the dungeon and into the vaults, and had sat there many days, then Zedekiah the king sent and fetched him, and questioned him in his own house (palace) secretly," etc. Jer 37:16 is by most interpreters joined with the foregoing, but the words כּי בּא do not properly permit of this.
For if we take the verse as a further confirmation of ויּקצפוּ השׂרים, "the princes vented their wrath on Jeremiah, beat him," etc. , "for Jeremiah came... ," then it must be acknowledged that the account would be very long and lumbering. כּי בּא is too widely separated from יקצפוּ. But the passages, 1Sa 2:21, where כּי פּקד is supposed to stand for ויּפקד, and Isa 39:1, where ויּשׁמע is thought to have arisen out of כּי, 2Ki 20:12, are not very strong proofs, since there, as here, no error in writing is marked.
The Vulgate has itaque ingressus ; many therefore would change כּי into כּן; but this also is quite arbitrary. Accordingly, with Rosenmüller, we connect Jer 37:16 with the following, and take כּי as a temporal particle; in this, the most we miss is ו copulative, or ויהי. In the preceding sentence the prison of the prophet is somewhat minutely described, in order to prepare us for the request that follows in Jer 37:20.
Jeremiah was in a בּית־בּור, "house of a pit," cf. Exo 12:29, i. e. , a subterranean prison, and in החניּות. This word only occurs here; but in the kindred dialects it means vaults, stalls, shops; hence it possibly signifies here subterranean prison-cells, so that אל־החניּות more exactly determines what בּית־הבּור is. This meaning of the word is, at any rate, more certain than that given by Eb.
Scheid in Rosenmüller, who renders חניות by flexa , curvata ; then, supplying ligna , he thinks of the stocks to which the prisoners were fastened. - The king questioned him בּסּתר, "in secret," namely, through fear of his ministers and court-officers, who were prejudiced against the prophet, perhaps also in the hope of receiving in a private interview a message from God of more favourable import.
To the question of the king, "Is there any word from Jahveh?" Jeremiah replies in the affirmative; but the word of God is this, "Thou shalt be given into the hand of the king of Babylon," just as Jeremiah had previously announced to him; cf. Jer 32:4; Jer 34:3. - Jeremiah took this opportunity of complaining about his imprisonment, saying, Jer 37:18, "In what have I sinned against thee, or against thy servants, or against this people, that ye have put me in prison?
Jer 37:19. And where are your prophets, who prophesied to you, The king of Babylon shall not come against you, nor against this land?" Jeremiah appeals to his perfect innocence (Jer 37:18), and to the confirmation of his prediction by its event. The interview with the king took place when the Chaldeans, after driving the Egyptians out of the country, had recommenced the siege of Jerusalem, and, as is evident from Jer 37:21, were pressing the city very hard.
The Kethib איו is to be read איּו, formed from איּה with the suffix וׁ; the idea of the suffix has gradually become obscured, so that it stands here before a noun in the plural. The Qeri requires איּה. The question, Where are your prophets? means, Let these prophets come forward and vindicate their lying prophecies. Not what these men had prophesied, but what Jeremiah had declared had come to pass; his imprisonment, accordingly, was unjust.
- Besides thus appealing to his innocence, Jeremiah, Jer 37:20, entreats the king, "Let my supplication come before thee, and do not send me back into the house of Jonathan the scribe, that I may not die there." For 'תּפּל־נא ת see on Jer 36:7. The king granted this request. "He commanded, and they put Jeremiah into the court of the watch [of the royal palace, see on Jer 32:2], and gave him a loaf of bread daily out of the bakers’ street, till all the bread in the city was consumed;" cf.
Jer 52:6. The king did not give him his liberty, because Jeremiah held to his views, that were so distasteful to the king (see on Jer 32:3). "So Jeremiah remained in the court of the guard." In this chapter two events are mentioned which took place in the last period of the siege of Jerusalem, shortly before the capture of the city by the Chaldeans. According to Jer 38:4, the number of fighting men had now very much decreased; and according to Jer 38:19, the number of deserters to the Chaldeans had become large.
Moreover, according to Jer 38:9, famine had already begun to prevail; this hastened the fall of the city.
Jer 37:16-21 Examination of the prophet by the king, and alleviation of his confinement. - Jer 37:16. "When Jeremiah had got into the dungeon and into the vaults, and had sat there many days, then Zedekiah the king sent and fetched him, and questioned him in his own house (palace) secretly," etc. Jer 37:16 is by most interpreters joined with the foregoing, but the words כּי בּא do not properly permit of this.
For if we take the verse as a further confirmation of ויּקצפוּ השׂרים, "the princes vented their wrath on Jeremiah, beat him," etc. , "for Jeremiah came... ," then it must be acknowledged that the account would be very long and lumbering. כּי בּא is too widely separated from יקצפוּ. But the passages, 1Sa 2:21, where כּי פּקד is supposed to stand for ויּפקד, and Isa 39:1, where ויּשׁמע is thought to have arisen out of כּי, 2Ki 20:12, are not very strong proofs, since there, as here, no error in writing is marked.
The Vulgate has itaque ingressus ; many therefore would change כּי into כּן; but this also is quite arbitrary. Accordingly, with Rosenmüller, we connect Jer 37:16 with the following, and take כּי as a temporal particle; in this, the most we miss is ו copulative, or ויהי. In the preceding sentence the prison of the prophet is somewhat minutely described, in order to prepare us for the request that follows in Jer 37:20.
Jeremiah was in a בּית־בּור, "house of a pit," cf. Exo 12:29, i. e. , a subterranean prison, and in החניּות. This word only occurs here; but in the kindred dialects it means vaults, stalls, shops; hence it possibly signifies here subterranean prison-cells, so that אל־החניּות more exactly determines what בּית־הבּור is. This meaning of the word is, at any rate, more certain than that given by Eb.
Scheid in Rosenmüller, who renders חניות by flexa , curvata ; then, supplying ligna , he thinks of the stocks to which the prisoners were fastened. - The king questioned him בּסּתר, "in secret," namely, through fear of his ministers and court-officers, who were prejudiced against the prophet, perhaps also in the hope of receiving in a private interview a message from God of more favourable import.
To the question of the king, "Is there any word from Jahveh?" Jeremiah replies in the affirmative; but the word of God is this, "Thou shalt be given into the hand of the king of Babylon," just as Jeremiah had previously announced to him; cf. Jer 32:4; Jer 34:3. - Jeremiah took this opportunity of complaining about his imprisonment, saying, Jer 37:18, "In what have I sinned against thee, or against thy servants, or against this people, that ye have put me in prison?
Jer 37:19. And where are your prophets, who prophesied to you, The king of Babylon shall not come against you, nor against this land?" Jeremiah appeals to his perfect innocence (Jer 37:18), and to the confirmation of his prediction by its event. The interview with the king took place when the Chaldeans, after driving the Egyptians out of the country, had recommenced the siege of Jerusalem, and, as is evident from Jer 37:21, were pressing the city very hard.
The Kethib איו is to be read איּו, formed from איּה with the suffix וׁ; the idea of the suffix has gradually become obscured, so that it stands here before a noun in the plural. The Qeri requires איּה. The question, Where are your prophets? means, Let these prophets come forward and vindicate their lying prophecies. Not what these men had prophesied, but what Jeremiah had declared had come to pass; his imprisonment, accordingly, was unjust.
- Besides thus appealing to his innocence, Jeremiah, Jer 37:20, entreats the king, "Let my supplication come before thee, and do not send me back into the house of Jonathan the scribe, that I may not die there." For 'תּפּל־נא ת see on Jer 36:7. The king granted this request. "He commanded, and they put Jeremiah into the court of the watch [of the royal palace, see on Jer 32:2], and gave him a loaf of bread daily out of the bakers’ street, till all the bread in the city was consumed;" cf.
Jer 52:6. The king did not give him his liberty, because Jeremiah held to his views, that were so distasteful to the king (see on Jer 32:3). "So Jeremiah remained in the court of the guard." In this chapter two events are mentioned which took place in the last period of the siege of Jerusalem, shortly before the capture of the city by the Chaldeans. According to Jer 38:4, the number of fighting men had now very much decreased; and according to Jer 38:19, the number of deserters to the Chaldeans had become large.
Moreover, according to Jer 38:9, famine had already begun to prevail; this hastened the fall of the city.
Jer 37:16-21 Examination of the prophet by the king, and alleviation of his confinement. - Jer 37:16. "When Jeremiah had got into the dungeon and into the vaults, and had sat there many days, then Zedekiah the king sent and fetched him, and questioned him in his own house (palace) secretly," etc. Jer 37:16 is by most interpreters joined with the foregoing, but the words כּי בּא do not properly permit of this.
For if we take the verse as a further confirmation of ויּקצפוּ השׂרים, "the princes vented their wrath on Jeremiah, beat him," etc. , "for Jeremiah came... ," then it must be acknowledged that the account would be very long and lumbering. כּי בּא is too widely separated from יקצפוּ. But the passages, 1Sa 2:21, where כּי פּקד is supposed to stand for ויּפקד, and Isa 39:1, where ויּשׁמע is thought to have arisen out of כּי, 2Ki 20:12, are not very strong proofs, since there, as here, no error in writing is marked.
The Vulgate has itaque ingressus ; many therefore would change כּי into כּן; but this also is quite arbitrary. Accordingly, with Rosenmüller, we connect Jer 37:16 with the following, and take כּי as a temporal particle; in this, the most we miss is ו copulative, or ויהי. In the preceding sentence the prison of the prophet is somewhat minutely described, in order to prepare us for the request that follows in Jer 37:20.
Jeremiah was in a בּית־בּור, "house of a pit," cf. Exo 12:29, i. e. , a subterranean prison, and in החניּות. This word only occurs here; but in the kindred dialects it means vaults, stalls, shops; hence it possibly signifies here subterranean prison-cells, so that אל־החניּות more exactly determines what בּית־הבּור is. This meaning of the word is, at any rate, more certain than that given by Eb.
Scheid in Rosenmüller, who renders חניות by flexa , curvata ; then, supplying ligna , he thinks of the stocks to which the prisoners were fastened. - The king questioned him בּסּתר, "in secret," namely, through fear of his ministers and court-officers, who were prejudiced against the prophet, perhaps also in the hope of receiving in a private interview a message from God of more favourable import.
To the question of the king, "Is there any word from Jahveh?" Jeremiah replies in the affirmative; but the word of God is this, "Thou shalt be given into the hand of the king of Babylon," just as Jeremiah had previously announced to him; cf. Jer 32:4; Jer 34:3. - Jeremiah took this opportunity of complaining about his imprisonment, saying, Jer 37:18, "In what have I sinned against thee, or against thy servants, or against this people, that ye have put me in prison?
Jer 37:19. And where are your prophets, who prophesied to you, The king of Babylon shall not come against you, nor against this land?" Jeremiah appeals to his perfect innocence (Jer 37:18), and to the confirmation of his prediction by its event. The interview with the king took place when the Chaldeans, after driving the Egyptians out of the country, had recommenced the siege of Jerusalem, and, as is evident from Jer 37:21, were pressing the city very hard.
The Kethib איו is to be read איּו, formed from איּה with the suffix וׁ; the idea of the suffix has gradually become obscured, so that it stands here before a noun in the plural. The Qeri requires איּה. The question, Where are your prophets? means, Let these prophets come forward and vindicate their lying prophecies. Not what these men had prophesied, but what Jeremiah had declared had come to pass; his imprisonment, accordingly, was unjust.
- Besides thus appealing to his innocence, Jeremiah, Jer 37:20, entreats the king, "Let my supplication come before thee, and do not send me back into the house of Jonathan the scribe, that I may not die there." For 'תּפּל־נא ת see on Jer 36:7. The king granted this request. "He commanded, and they put Jeremiah into the court of the watch [of the royal palace, see on Jer 32:2], and gave him a loaf of bread daily out of the bakers’ street, till all the bread in the city was consumed;" cf.
Jer 52:6. The king did not give him his liberty, because Jeremiah held to his views, that were so distasteful to the king (see on Jer 32:3). "So Jeremiah remained in the court of the guard." In this chapter two events are mentioned which took place in the last period of the siege of Jerusalem, shortly before the capture of the city by the Chaldeans. According to Jer 38:4, the number of fighting men had now very much decreased; and according to Jer 38:19, the number of deserters to the Chaldeans had become large.
Moreover, according to Jer 38:9, famine had already begun to prevail; this hastened the fall of the city.
Jer 37:16-21 Examination of the prophet by the king, and alleviation of his confinement. - Jer 37:16. "When Jeremiah had got into the dungeon and into the vaults, and had sat there many days, then Zedekiah the king sent and fetched him, and questioned him in his own house (palace) secretly," etc. Jer 37:16 is by most interpreters joined with the foregoing, but the words כּי בּא do not properly permit of this.
For if we take the verse as a further confirmation of ויּקצפוּ השׂרים, "the princes vented their wrath on Jeremiah, beat him," etc. , "for Jeremiah came... ," then it must be acknowledged that the account would be very long and lumbering. כּי בּא is too widely separated from יקצפוּ. But the passages, 1Sa 2:21, where כּי פּקד is supposed to stand for ויּפקד, and Isa 39:1, where ויּשׁמע is thought to have arisen out of כּי, 2Ki 20:12, are not very strong proofs, since there, as here, no error in writing is marked.
The Vulgate has itaque ingressus ; many therefore would change כּי into כּן; but this also is quite arbitrary. Accordingly, with Rosenmüller, we connect Jer 37:16 with the following, and take כּי as a temporal particle; in this, the most we miss is ו copulative, or ויהי. In the preceding sentence the prison of the prophet is somewhat minutely described, in order to prepare us for the request that follows in Jer 37:20.
Jeremiah was in a בּית־בּור, "house of a pit," cf. Exo 12:29, i. e. , a subterranean prison, and in החניּות. This word only occurs here; but in the kindred dialects it means vaults, stalls, shops; hence it possibly signifies here subterranean prison-cells, so that אל־החניּות more exactly determines what בּית־הבּור is. This meaning of the word is, at any rate, more certain than that given by Eb.
Scheid in Rosenmüller, who renders חניות by flexa , curvata ; then, supplying ligna , he thinks of the stocks to which the prisoners were fastened. - The king questioned him בּסּתר, "in secret," namely, through fear of his ministers and court-officers, who were prejudiced against the prophet, perhaps also in the hope of receiving in a private interview a message from God of more favourable import.
To the question of the king, "Is there any word from Jahveh?" Jeremiah replies in the affirmative; but the word of God is this, "Thou shalt be given into the hand of the king of Babylon," just as Jeremiah had previously announced to him; cf. Jer 32:4; Jer 34:3. - Jeremiah took this opportunity of complaining about his imprisonment, saying, Jer 37:18, "In what have I sinned against thee, or against thy servants, or against this people, that ye have put me in prison?
Jer 37:19. And where are your prophets, who prophesied to you, The king of Babylon shall not come against you, nor against this land?" Jeremiah appeals to his perfect innocence (Jer 37:18), and to the confirmation of his prediction by its event. The interview with the king took place when the Chaldeans, after driving the Egyptians out of the country, had recommenced the siege of Jerusalem, and, as is evident from Jer 37:21, were pressing the city very hard.
The Kethib איו is to be read איּו, formed from איּה with the suffix וׁ; the idea of the suffix has gradually become obscured, so that it stands here before a noun in the plural. The Qeri requires איּה. The question, Where are your prophets? means, Let these prophets come forward and vindicate their lying prophecies. Not what these men had prophesied, but what Jeremiah had declared had come to pass; his imprisonment, accordingly, was unjust.
- Besides thus appealing to his innocence, Jeremiah, Jer 37:20, entreats the king, "Let my supplication come before thee, and do not send me back into the house of Jonathan the scribe, that I may not die there." For 'תּפּל־נא ת see on Jer 36:7. The king granted this request. "He commanded, and they put Jeremiah into the court of the watch [of the royal palace, see on Jer 32:2], and gave him a loaf of bread daily out of the bakers’ street, till all the bread in the city was consumed;" cf.
Jer 52:6. The king did not give him his liberty, because Jeremiah held to his views, that were so distasteful to the king (see on Jer 32:3). "So Jeremiah remained in the court of the guard." In this chapter two events are mentioned which took place in the last period of the siege of Jerusalem, shortly before the capture of the city by the Chaldeans. According to Jer 38:4, the number of fighting men had now very much decreased; and according to Jer 38:19, the number of deserters to the Chaldeans had become large.
Moreover, according to Jer 38:9, famine had already begun to prevail; this hastened the fall of the city.
Jer 38:1-4 Jeremiah is cast into a miry pit, but drawn out again by Ebedmelech the Cushite. Jer 38:1-6. Being confined in the court of the guard attached to the royal palace, Jeremiah had opportunities of conversing with the soldiers stationed there and the people of Judah who came thither (cf. Jer 38:1 with Jer 32:8, Jer 32:12), and of declaring, in opposition to them, his conviction (which he had indeed expressed from the beginning of the siege) that all resistance to the Chaldeans would be fruitless, and only bring destruction (cf.
Jer 21:9.) On this account, the princes who were of a hostile disposition towards him were so embittered, that they resolved on his death, and obtain from the king permission to cast him into a deep pit with mire at the bottom. In v. 1 four of these princes are named, two of whom, Jucal the son of Shelemiah, and Pashur the son of Malchiah, are known, from Jer 37:3 and Jer 21:1, as confidants of the king; the other two, Shephatiah the son of Mattan, and Gedaliah the son of Pashur, are not mentioned elsewhere.
Gedaliah was probably a son of the Pashur who had once put Jeremiah in the stocks (Jer 20:1-2). The words of the prophet, Jer 38:2, Jer 38:3, are substantially the same as he had already uttered at the beginning of the siege, Jer 21:9 (יחיה as in Jer 21:9). Jer 38:4. The princes said to the king, "Let this man, we beseech thee, be put to death for the construction, see on Jer 35:14; for therefore i.
e. , because no one puts him out of existence - על־כּן as in Jer 29:28 he weakens the hands of the men of war who remain in this city, and the hands of all the people, by speaking words like these to them; for this man does not seek the welfare of this people, but their ill." מרפּא for מרפּא, to cause the hands of any one to be relaxed, i. e. , to make him dispirited; cf.
Ezr 4:4; Isa 35:3. דּרשׁ with ל htiw , as Job 10:6; Deu 12:30; 1Ch 22:19, etc. , elsewhere with the accusatival את; cf. Jer 29:7 et passim . On this point cf. Jer 29:7. The allegation which the princes made against Jeremiah was possibly correct. The constancy with which Jeremiah declared that resistance was useless, since, in accordance with the divine decree, Jerusalem was to be taken and burnt by the Chaldeans, could not but make the soldiers and the people unwilling any longer to sacrifice their lives in defending the city.
Nevertheless the complaint was unjust, because Jeremiah was not expressing his own personal opinion, but was declaring the word of the Lord, and that, too, not from any want of patriotism or through personal cowardice, but in the conviction, derived from the divine revelation, that it was only by voluntary submission that the fate of the besieged could be mitigated; hence he acted from a deep feeling of love to the people, and in order to avert complete destruction from them. The courage of the people which he sought to weaken was not a heroic courage founded on genuine trust in God, but carnal obstinacy, which could not but lead to ruin.
Jer 38:1-4 Jeremiah is cast into a miry pit, but drawn out again by Ebedmelech the Cushite. Jer 38:1-6. Being confined in the court of the guard attached to the royal palace, Jeremiah had opportunities of conversing with the soldiers stationed there and the people of Judah who came thither (cf. Jer 38:1 with Jer 32:8, Jer 32:12), and of declaring, in opposition to them, his conviction (which he had indeed expressed from the beginning of the siege) that all resistance to the Chaldeans would be fruitless, and only bring destruction (cf.
Jer 21:9.) On this account, the princes who were of a hostile disposition towards him were so embittered, that they resolved on his death, and obtain from the king permission to cast him into a deep pit with mire at the bottom. In v. 1 four of these princes are named, two of whom, Jucal the son of Shelemiah, and Pashur the son of Malchiah, are known, from Jer 37:3 and Jer 21:1, as confidants of the king; the other two, Shephatiah the son of Mattan, and Gedaliah the son of Pashur, are not mentioned elsewhere.
Gedaliah was probably a son of the Pashur who had once put Jeremiah in the stocks (Jer 20:1-2). The words of the prophet, Jer 38:2, Jer 38:3, are substantially the same as he had already uttered at the beginning of the siege, Jer 21:9 (יחיה as in Jer 21:9). Jer 38:4. The princes said to the king, "Let this man, we beseech thee, be put to death for the construction, see on Jer 35:14; for therefore i.
e. , because no one puts him out of existence - על־כּן as in Jer 29:28 he weakens the hands of the men of war who remain in this city, and the hands of all the people, by speaking words like these to them; for this man does not seek the welfare of this people, but their ill." מרפּא for מרפּא, to cause the hands of any one to be relaxed, i. e. , to make him dispirited; cf.
Ezr 4:4; Isa 35:3. דּרשׁ with ל htiw , as Job 10:6; Deu 12:30; 1Ch 22:19, etc. , elsewhere with the accusatival את; cf. Jer 29:7 et passim . On this point cf. Jer 29:7. The allegation which the princes made against Jeremiah was possibly correct. The constancy with which Jeremiah declared that resistance was useless, since, in accordance with the divine decree, Jerusalem was to be taken and burnt by the Chaldeans, could not but make the soldiers and the people unwilling any longer to sacrifice their lives in defending the city.
Nevertheless the complaint was unjust, because Jeremiah was not expressing his own personal opinion, but was declaring the word of the Lord, and that, too, not from any want of patriotism or through personal cowardice, but in the conviction, derived from the divine revelation, that it was only by voluntary submission that the fate of the besieged could be mitigated; hence he acted from a deep feeling of love to the people, and in order to avert complete destruction from them. The courage of the people which he sought to weaken was not a heroic courage founded on genuine trust in God, but carnal obstinacy, which could not but lead to ruin.
Jer 38:1-4 Jeremiah is cast into a miry pit, but drawn out again by Ebedmelech the Cushite. Jer 38:1-6. Being confined in the court of the guard attached to the royal palace, Jeremiah had opportunities of conversing with the soldiers stationed there and the people of Judah who came thither (cf. Jer 38:1 with Jer 32:8, Jer 32:12), and of declaring, in opposition to them, his conviction (which he had indeed expressed from the beginning of the siege) that all resistance to the Chaldeans would be fruitless, and only bring destruction (cf.
Jer 21:9.) On this account, the princes who were of a hostile disposition towards him were so embittered, that they resolved on his death, and obtain from the king permission to cast him into a deep pit with mire at the bottom. In v. 1 four of these princes are named, two of whom, Jucal the son of Shelemiah, and Pashur the son of Malchiah, are known, from Jer 37:3 and Jer 21:1, as confidants of the king; the other two, Shephatiah the son of Mattan, and Gedaliah the son of Pashur, are not mentioned elsewhere.
Gedaliah was probably a son of the Pashur who had once put Jeremiah in the stocks (Jer 20:1-2). The words of the prophet, Jer 38:2, Jer 38:3, are substantially the same as he had already uttered at the beginning of the siege, Jer 21:9 (יחיה as in Jer 21:9). Jer 38:4. The princes said to the king, "Let this man, we beseech thee, be put to death for the construction, see on Jer 35:14; for therefore i.
e. , because no one puts him out of existence - על־כּן as in Jer 29:28 he weakens the hands of the men of war who remain in this city, and the hands of all the people, by speaking words like these to them; for this man does not seek the welfare of this people, but their ill." מרפּא for מרפּא, to cause the hands of any one to be relaxed, i. e. , to make him dispirited; cf.
Ezr 4:4; Isa 35:3. דּרשׁ with ל htiw , as Job 10:6; Deu 12:30; 1Ch 22:19, etc. , elsewhere with the accusatival את; cf. Jer 29:7 et passim . On this point cf. Jer 29:7. The allegation which the princes made against Jeremiah was possibly correct. The constancy with which Jeremiah declared that resistance was useless, since, in accordance with the divine decree, Jerusalem was to be taken and burnt by the Chaldeans, could not but make the soldiers and the people unwilling any longer to sacrifice their lives in defending the city.
Nevertheless the complaint was unjust, because Jeremiah was not expressing his own personal opinion, but was declaring the word of the Lord, and that, too, not from any want of patriotism or through personal cowardice, but in the conviction, derived from the divine revelation, that it was only by voluntary submission that the fate of the besieged could be mitigated; hence he acted from a deep feeling of love to the people, and in order to avert complete destruction from them. The courage of the people which he sought to weaken was not a heroic courage founded on genuine trust in God, but carnal obstinacy, which could not but lead to ruin.
Jer 38:1-4 Jeremiah is cast into a miry pit, but drawn out again by Ebedmelech the Cushite. Jer 38:1-6. Being confined in the court of the guard attached to the royal palace, Jeremiah had opportunities of conversing with the soldiers stationed there and the people of Judah who came thither (cf. Jer 38:1 with Jer 32:8, Jer 32:12), and of declaring, in opposition to them, his conviction (which he had indeed expressed from the beginning of the siege) that all resistance to the Chaldeans would be fruitless, and only bring destruction (cf.
Jer 21:9.) On this account, the princes who were of a hostile disposition towards him were so embittered, that they resolved on his death, and obtain from the king permission to cast him into a deep pit with mire at the bottom. In v. 1 four of these princes are named, two of whom, Jucal the son of Shelemiah, and Pashur the son of Malchiah, are known, from Jer 37:3 and Jer 21:1, as confidants of the king; the other two, Shephatiah the son of Mattan, and Gedaliah the son of Pashur, are not mentioned elsewhere.
Gedaliah was probably a son of the Pashur who had once put Jeremiah in the stocks (Jer 20:1-2). The words of the prophet, Jer 38:2, Jer 38:3, are substantially the same as he had already uttered at the beginning of the siege, Jer 21:9 (יחיה as in Jer 21:9). Jer 38:4. The princes said to the king, "Let this man, we beseech thee, be put to death for the construction, see on Jer 35:14; for therefore i.
e. , because no one puts him out of existence - על־כּן as in Jer 29:28 he weakens the hands of the men of war who remain in this city, and the hands of all the people, by speaking words like these to them; for this man does not seek the welfare of this people, but their ill." מרפּא for מרפּא, to cause the hands of any one to be relaxed, i. e. , to make him dispirited; cf.
Ezr 4:4; Isa 35:3. דּרשׁ with ל htiw , as Job 10:6; Deu 12:30; 1Ch 22:19, etc. , elsewhere with the accusatival את; cf. Jer 29:7 et passim . On this point cf. Jer 29:7. The allegation which the princes made against Jeremiah was possibly correct. The constancy with which Jeremiah declared that resistance was useless, since, in accordance with the divine decree, Jerusalem was to be taken and burnt by the Chaldeans, could not but make the soldiers and the people unwilling any longer to sacrifice their lives in defending the city.
Nevertheless the complaint was unjust, because Jeremiah was not expressing his own personal opinion, but was declaring the word of the Lord, and that, too, not from any want of patriotism or through personal cowardice, but in the conviction, derived from the divine revelation, that it was only by voluntary submission that the fate of the besieged could be mitigated; hence he acted from a deep feeling of love to the people, and in order to avert complete destruction from them. The courage of the people which he sought to weaken was not a heroic courage founded on genuine trust in God, but carnal obstinacy, which could not but lead to ruin.