Focused Passage

Exodus 18:13-27

Jethro’s Counsel and Shared Leadership

Jethro hears of the LORD’s deliverance, reunites Moses with his family, praises the LORD as greater than all gods, offers worship, observes Moses’ unsustainable burden, and counsels him to appoint qualified leaders to judge smaller cases while Moses handles the most difficult matters before God.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

13 The next day Moses took his seat to judge the people, and they stood around him from morning until evening.

14 When his father-in-law saw all that Moses was doing for the people, he asked, “What is this that you are doing for the people? Why do you sit alone as judge, with all the people standing around you from morning till evening?”

15 “Because the people come to me to inquire of God,” Moses replied.

16 “Whenever they have a dispute, it is brought to me to judge between one man and another, and I make known to them the statutes and laws of God.”

17 But Moses’ father-in-law said to him, “What you are doing is not good.

18 Surely you and these people with you will wear yourselves out, because the task is too heavy for you. You cannot handle it alone.

19 Now listen to me; I will give you some advice, and may God be with you. You must be the people’s representative before God and bring their causes to Him.

20 Teach them the statutes and laws, and show them the way to live and the work they must do.

21 Furthermore, select capable men from among the people—God-fearing, trustworthy men who are averse to dishonest gain. Appoint them over the people as leaders of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties, and of tens.

22 Have these men judge the people at all times. Then they can bring you any major issue, but all minor cases they can judge on their own, so that your load may be lightened as they share it with you.

23 If you follow this advice and God so directs you, then you will be able to endure, and all these people can go home in peace.”

24 Moses listened to his father-in-law and did everything he said.

25 So Moses chose capable men from all Israel and made them heads over the people as leaders of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties, and of tens.

26 And they judged the people at all times; they would bring the difficult cases to Moses, but any minor issue they would judge themselves.

27 Then Moses sent his father-in-law on his way, and Jethro returned to his own land.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 13

Original words

- וַיְהִי֙ H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular The next day מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת H4283 Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular Moses מֹשֶׁ֖ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular took his seat וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב H3427 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to judge לִשְׁפֹּ֣ט H8199 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker the people הָעָ֑ם H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular and they stood וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד H5975 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . הָעָם֙ H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular around עַל־ H5921 Preposition [him] מֹשֶׁ֔ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular from מִן־ H4480 Preposition morning הַבֹּ֖קֶר H1242 Article | Noun - masculine singular until עַד־ H5704 Preposition evening הָעָֽרֶב׃ H6153 Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 14

Original words

When [his] מֹשֶׁ֔ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular - אֵ֛ת H853 Direct object marker father-in-law חֹתֵ֣ן H2859 Noun - masculine singular construct saw וַיַּרְא֙ H7200 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular all כָּל־ H3605 Noun - masculine singular construct that אֲשֶׁר־ H834 Pronoun - relative [Moses] ה֥וּא H1931 Pronoun - third person masculine singular was doing עֹשֶׂ֖ה H6213 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular for the people לָעָ֑ם H5971 Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singular he asked וַיֹּ֗אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular What מָֽה־ H4100 Interrogative is this הַזֶּה֙ H2088 Article | Pronoun - masculine singular that אֲשֶׁ֨ר H834 Pronoun - relative - הַדָּבָ֤ר H1697 Article | Noun - masculine singular you are אַתָּ֤ה H859 Pronoun - second person masculine singular doing עֹשֶׂה֙ H6213 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular for the people לָעָ֔ם H5971 Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singular Why מַדּ֗וּעַ H4069 Interrogative do you אַתָּ֤ה H859 Pronoun - second person masculine singular sit יוֹשֵׁב֙ H3427 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular alone [as judge] לְבַדֶּ֔ךָ H905 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular with all וְכָל־ H3605 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct the people הָעָ֛ם H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular standing נִצָּ֥ב H5324 Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine singular around עָלֶ֖יךָ H5921 Preposition | second person masculine singular you from מִן־ H4480 Preposition morning בֹּ֥קֶר H1242 Noun - masculine singular till עַד־ H5704 Preposition evening עָֽרֶב׃ H6153 Noun - masculine singular
Verse 15

Original words

Because כִּֽי־ H3588 Conjunction the people הָעָ֖ם H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular come יָבֹ֥א H935 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular to me אֵלַ֛י H413 Preposition | first person common singular to inquire לִדְרֹ֥שׁ H1875 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct of God אֱלֹהִֽים׃ H430 Noun - masculine plural Moses מֹשֶׁ֖ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular replied וַיֹּ֥אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular - לְחֹתְנ֑וֹ H2859 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Verse 16

Original words

Whenever כִּֽי־ H3588 Conjunction they have יִהְיֶ֨ה H1961 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . לָהֶ֤ם Preposition | third person masculine plural a dispute דָּבָר֙ H1697 Noun - masculine singular it is brought בָּ֣א H935 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular to me אֵלַ֔י H413 Preposition | first person common singular to judge וְשָׁ֣פַטְתִּ֔י H8199 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular between בֵּ֥ין H996 Preposition one man אִ֖ישׁ H376 Noun - masculine singular . . . וּבֵ֣ין H996 Conjunctive waw | Preposition and another רֵעֵ֑הוּ H7453 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular and I make known וְהוֹדַעְתִּ֛י H3045 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular to them אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker the statutes חֻקֵּ֥י H2706 Noun - masculine plural construct and וְאֶת־ H853 Conjunctive waw | Direct object marker laws תּוֹרֹתָֽיו׃ H8451 Noun - feminine plural construct | third person masculine singular of God הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים H430 Article | Noun - masculine plural
Verse 17

Original words

But Moses’ מֹשֶׁ֖ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular father-in-law חֹתֵ֥ן H2859 Noun - masculine singular construct said וַיֹּ֛אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to him אֵלָ֑יו H413 Preposition | third person masculine singular What הַדָּבָ֔ר H1697 Article | Noun - masculine singular - אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834 Pronoun - relative you are אַתָּ֖ה H859 Pronoun - second person masculine singular doing עֹשֶֽׂה׃ H6213 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular is not לֹא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle good טוֹב֙ H2896 Adjective - masculine singular
Verse 18

Original words

Surely גַּם־ H1571 Conjunction you אַתָּ֕ה H859 Pronoun - second person masculine singular and גַּם־ H1571 Conjunction these הַזֶּ֖ה H2088 Article | Pronoun - masculine singular people הָעָ֥ם H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular - אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834 Pronoun - relative with you עִמָּ֑ךְ H5973 Preposition | second person masculine singular will wear yourselves out נָבֹ֣ל H5034 Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolute . . . תִּבֹּ֔ל H5034 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular because כִּֽי־ H3588 Conjunction the task הַדָּבָ֔ר H1697 Article | Noun - masculine singular is too heavy כָבֵ֤ד H3515 Adjective - masculine singular for you מִמְּךָ֙ H4480 Preposition | second person masculine singular You cannot לֹא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle . . . תוּכַ֥ל H3201 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular handle עֲשֹׂ֖הוּ H6213 Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person masculine singular it alone לְבַדֶּֽךָ׃ H905 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular
Verse 19

Original words

Now עַתָּ֞ה H6258 Adverb listen to me שְׁמַ֤ע H8085 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular . . . בְּקֹלִי֙ H6963 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular I will give you some advice אִיעָ֣צְךָ֔ H3289 Verb - Qal - Imperfect Cohortative if contextual - first person common singular | second person masculine singular and may God אֱלֹהִ֖ים H430 Noun - masculine plural be וִיהִ֥י H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Jussive - third person masculine singular with you עִמָּ֑ךְ H5973 Preposition | second person masculine singular You אַתָּ֣ה H859 Pronoun - second person masculine singular must be הֱיֵ֧ה H1961 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular the people’s representative לָעָ֗ם H5971 Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singular before מ֚וּל H4136 Preposition God הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים H430 Article | Noun - masculine plural and bring וְהֵבֵאתָ֥ H935 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular . . . אַתָּ֛ה H859 Pronoun - second person masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker their causes הַדְּבָרִ֖ים H1697 Article | Noun - masculine plural to אֶל־ H413 Preposition Him הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ H430 Article | Noun - masculine plural
Verse 20

Original words

Teach וְהִזְהַרְתָּ֣ה H2094 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular - אֶתְהֶ֔ם H853 Direct object marker | third person masculine plural them אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker the statutes הַחֻקִּ֖ים H2706 Article | Noun - masculine plural - וְאֶת־ H853 Conjunctive waw | Direct object marker and laws הַתּוֹרֹ֑ת H8451 Article | Noun - feminine plural and show וְהוֹדַעְתָּ֣ H3045 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular them לָהֶ֗ם Preposition | third person masculine plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker the way הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ H1870 Article | Noun - common singular to live יֵ֣לְכוּ H1980 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural - בָ֔הּ Preposition | third person feminine singular - וְאֶת־ H853 Conjunctive waw | Direct object marker and the work הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה H4639 Article | Noun - masculine singular - אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834 Pronoun - relative they must do יַעֲשֽׂוּן׃ H6213 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural | Paragogic nun
Verse 21

Original words

Furthermore וְאַתָּ֣ה H859 Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - second person masculine singular select תֶחֱזֶ֣ה H2372 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular capable חַ֜יִל H2428 Noun - masculine singular men אַנְשֵׁי־ H582 Noun - masculine plural construct from among מִכָּל־ H3605 Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct the people הָ֠עָם H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular God-fearing יִרְאֵ֧י H3373 Adjective - masculine plural construct . . . אֱלֹהִ֛ים H430 Noun - masculine plural . . . אַנְשֵׁ֥י H582 Noun - masculine plural construct trustworthy men אֱמֶ֖ת H571 Noun - feminine singular who are averse שֹׂ֣נְאֵי H8130 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct to dishonest gain בָ֑צַע H1215 Noun - masculine singular Appoint them וְשַׂמְתָּ֣ H7760 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular over [the people] עֲלֵהֶ֗ם H5921 Preposition | third person masculine plural as leaders שָׂרֵ֤י H8269 Noun - masculine plural construct of thousands אֲלָפִים֙ H505 Number - masculine plural . . . שָׂרֵ֣י H8269 Noun - masculine plural construct of hundreds מֵא֔וֹת H3967 Number - feminine plural . . . שָׂרֵ֥י H8269 Noun - masculine plural construct of fifties חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים H2572 Number - common plural . . . וְשָׂרֵ֥י H8269 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct and of tens עֲשָׂרֹֽת׃ H6235 Number - masculine plural
Verse 22

Original words

Have [these men] judge וְשָׁפְט֣וּ H8199 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker the people הָעָם֮ H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular at all בְּכָל־ H3605 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct times עֵת֒ H6256 Noun - common singular Then וְהָיָ֞ה H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular they can bring יָבִ֣יאוּ H935 Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine plural you אֵלֶ֔יךָ H413 Preposition | second person masculine singular any כָּל־ H3605 Noun - masculine singular construct major הַגָּדֹל֙ H1419 Article | Adjective - masculine singular issue הַדָּבָ֤ר H1697 Article | Noun - masculine singular but all וְכָל־ H3605 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct minor הַקָּטֹ֖ן H6996 Article | Adjective - masculine singular cases הַדָּבָ֥ר H1697 Article | Noun - masculine singular they can judge יִשְׁפְּטוּ־ H8199 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural on their own הֵ֑ם H1992 Pronoun - third person masculine plural so that your load may be lightened וְהָקֵל֙ H7043 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine singular . . . מֵֽעָלֶ֔יךָ H5921 Preposition-m | second person masculine singular as they share וְנָשְׂא֖וּ H5375 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural it with you אִתָּֽךְ׃ H854 Preposition | second person masculine singular
Verse 23

Original words

If אִ֣ם H518 Conjunction - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker you follow תַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה H6213 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular this הַזֶּה֙ H2088 Article | Pronoun - masculine singular advice הַדָּבָ֤ר H1697 Article | Noun - masculine singular and God אֱלֹהִ֔ים H430 Noun - masculine plural so directs you וְצִוְּךָ֣ H6680 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular | second person masculine singular then you will be able וְיָֽכָלְתָּ֖ H3201 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular to endure עֲמֹ֑ד H5975 Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct and וְגַם֙ H1571 Conjunction all כָּל־ H3605 Noun - masculine singular construct these הַזֶּ֔ה H2088 Article | Pronoun - masculine singular . . . עַל־ H5921 Preposition people הָעָ֣ם H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular can go יָבֹ֥א H935 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular home מְקֹמ֖וֹ H4725 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular in peace בְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ H7965 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 24

Original words

Moses מֹשֶׁ֖ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular . . . לְק֣וֹל H6963 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct listened וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע H8085 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to his father-in-law חֹתְנ֑וֹ H2859 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular and did וַיַּ֕עַשׂ H6213 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular everything כֹּ֖ל H3605 Noun - masculine singular - אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834 Pronoun - relative he said אָמָֽר׃ H559 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 25

Original words

So Moses מֹשֶׁ֤ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular chose וַיִּבְחַ֨ר H977 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular capable חַ֙יִל֙ H2428 Noun - masculine singular men אַנְשֵׁי־ H582 Noun - masculine plural construct from all מִכָּל־ H3605 Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct Israel יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular and made וַיִּתֵּ֥ן H5414 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular them אֹתָ֛ם H853 Direct object marker | third person masculine plural heads רָאשִׁ֖ים H7218 Noun - masculine plural over עַל־ H5921 Preposition the people הָעָ֑ם H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular as leaders שָׂרֵ֤י H8269 Noun - masculine plural construct of thousands אֲלָפִים֙ H505 Number - masculine plural . . . שָׂרֵ֣י H8269 Noun - masculine plural construct of hundreds מֵא֔וֹת H3967 Number - feminine plural . . . שָׂרֵ֥י H8269 Noun - masculine plural construct of fifties חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים H2572 Number - common plural . . . וְשָׂרֵ֥י H8269 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct and of tens עֲשָׂרֹֽת׃ H6235 Number - masculine plural
Verse 26

Original words

And they judged וְשָׁפְט֥וּ H8199 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker the people הָעָ֖ם H5971 Article | Noun - masculine singular at all בְּכָל־ H3605 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct times עֵ֑ת H6256 Noun - common singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker they would bring יְבִיא֣וּן H935 Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine plural | Paragogic nun the difficult הַקָּשֶׁה֙ H7186 Article | Adjective - masculine singular cases הַדָּבָ֤ר H1697 Article | Noun - masculine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition Moses מֹשֶׁ֔ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular but any וְכָל־ H3605 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct minor הַקָּטֹ֖ן H6996 Article | Adjective - masculine singular issue הַדָּבָ֥ר H1697 Article | Noun - masculine singular they would judge יִשְׁפּוּט֥וּ H8199 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural themselves הֵֽם׃ H1992 Pronoun - third person masculine plural
Verse 27

Original words

Then Moses מֹשֶׁ֖ה H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker sent וַיְשַׁלַּ֥ח H7971 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular his father-in-law {on his way} חֹתְנ֑וֹ H2859 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular and [Jethro] returned וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ H1980 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition his own land אַרְצֽוֹ׃פ H776 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.