Focused Passage

Genesis 43:1-14

Judah Sureties for Benjamin, the Brothers Return to Egypt, and Joseph Shows Hidden Mercy at the Table

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1 Now the famine was still severe in the land.

2 So when Jacob’s sons had eaten all the grain they had brought from Egypt, their father said to them, “Go back and buy us a little more food.”

3 But Judah replied, “The man solemnly warned us, ‘You will not see my face again unless your brother is with you.’

4 If you will send our brother with us, we will go down and buy food for you.

5 But if you will not send him, we will not go; for the man told us, ‘You will not see my face again unless your brother is with you.’”

6 “Why did you bring this trouble upon me?” Israel asked. “Why did you tell the man you had another brother?”

7 They replied, “The man questioned us in detail about ourselves and our family: ‘Is your father still alive? Do you have another brother?’ And we answered him accordingly. How could we possibly know that he would say, ‘Bring your brother here’?”

8 And Judah said to his father Israel, “Send the boy with me, and we will go at once, so that we may live and not die—neither we, nor you, nor our children.

9 I will guarantee his safety. You may hold me personally responsible. If I do not bring him back and set him before you, then may I bear the guilt before you all my life.

10 If we had not delayed, we could have come and gone twice by now.”

11 Then their father Israel said to them, “If it must be so, then do this: Put some of the best products of the land in your packs and carry them down as a gift for the man—a little balm and a little honey, spices and myrrh, pistachios and almonds.

12 Take double the silver with you so that you may return the silver that was put back into the mouths of your sacks. Perhaps it was a mistake.

13 Take your brother as well, and return to the man at once.

14 May God Almighty grant you mercy before the man, that he may release your other brother along with Benjamin. As for me, if I am bereaved, I am bereaved.”

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Now the famine וְהָרָעָ֖ב H7458 Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singular was still severe כָּבֵ֥ד H3515 Adjective - masculine singular in the land בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ H776 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singular
Verse 2

Original words

- וַיְהִ֗י H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular So when כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר H834 Preposition-k | Pronoun - relative - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker [Jacob’s sons] had eaten all כִּלּוּ֙ H3615 Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person common plural . . . לֶאֱכֹ֣ל H398 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct the grain הַשֶּׁ֔בֶר H7668 Article | Noun - masculine singular - אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834 Pronoun - relative they had brought הֵבִ֖יאוּ H935 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common plural from Egypt מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם H4714 Preposition-m | Noun - proper - feminine singular their father אֲבִיהֶ֔ם H1 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine plural said וַיֹּ֤אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to them אֲלֵיהֶם֙ H413 Preposition | third person masculine plural Go back שֻׁ֖בוּ H7725 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural and buy שִׁבְרוּ־ H7666 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural us לָ֥נוּ Preposition | first person common plural a little more מְעַט־ H4592 Adjective - masculine singular construct food אֹֽכֶל׃ H400 Noun - masculine singular
Verse 3

Original words

But Judah יְהוּדָ֖ה H3063 Noun - proper - masculine singular . . . לֵאמֹ֑ר H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct replied וַיֹּ֧אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . אֵלָ֛יו H413 Preposition | third person masculine singular The man הָאִ֤ישׁ H376 Article | Noun - masculine singular . . . לֵאמֹר֙ H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct solemnly warned הָעֵ֣ד H5749 Verb - Hifil - Infinitive absolute . . . הֵעִד֩ H5749 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular us בָּ֨נוּ Preposition | first person common plural You will not לֹֽא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle see תִרְא֣וּ H7200 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural my face פָנַ֔י H6440 Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common singular again unless בִּלְתִּ֖י H1115 Preposition your brother אֲחִיכֶ֥ם H251 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine plural is with you אִתְּכֶֽם׃ H854 Preposition | second person masculine plural
Verse 4

Original words

If אִם־ H518 Conjunction . . . יֶשְׁךָ֛ H3426 Adverb | second person masculine singular you will send מְשַׁלֵּ֥חַ H7971 Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker our brother אָחִ֖ינוּ H251 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common plural with us אִתָּ֑נוּ H854 Preposition | first person common plural we will go down נֵרְדָ֕ה H3381 Verb - Qal - Imperfect Cohortative - first person common plural and buy וְנִשְׁבְּרָ֥ה H7666 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative - first person common plural food אֹֽכֶל׃ H400 Noun - masculine singular for you לְךָ֖ Preposition | second person masculine singular
Verse 5

Original words

But if וְאִם־ H518 Conjunction you will not אֵינְךָ֥ H369 Adverb | second person masculine singular send him מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ H7971 Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine singular we will not לֹ֣א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle go נֵרֵ֑ד H3381 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common plural for כִּֽי־ H3588 Conjunction the man הָאִ֞ישׁ H376 Article | Noun - masculine singular told אָמַ֤ר H559 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular us אֵלֵ֙ינוּ֙ H413 Preposition | first person common plural You will not לֹֽא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle see תִרְא֣וּ H7200 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural my face פָנַ֔י H6440 Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common singular again unless בִּלְתִּ֖י H1115 Preposition your brother אֲחִיכֶ֥ם H251 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine plural is with you אִתְּכֶֽם׃ H854 Preposition | second person masculine plural
Verse 6

Original words

Why לָמָ֥ה H4100 Interrogative did you bring this trouble הֲרֵעֹתֶ֖ם H7489 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - second person masculine plural upon me לִ֑י Preposition | first person common singular Israel יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular asked וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Why did you tell לְהַגִּ֣יד H5046 Preposition-l | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive construct the man לָאִ֔ישׁ H376 Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singular you had another הַע֥וֹד H5750 Adverb . . . לָכֶ֖ם Preposition | second person masculine plural brother אָֽח׃ H251 Noun - masculine singular
Verse 7

Original words

They replied וַיֹּאמְר֡וּ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural The man הָ֠אִישׁ H376 Article | Noun - masculine singular questioned שָׁא֣וֹל H7592 Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolute us לָ֣נוּ Preposition | first person common plural in detail שָֽׁאַל־ H7592 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular about ourselves and our family וּלְמֽוֹלַדְתֵּ֜נוּ H4138 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common plural לֵאמֹ֗ר לֵאמֹ֗ר H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct Is your father אֲבִיכֶ֥ם H1 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine plural still הַע֨וֹד H5750 Adverb alive חַי֙ H2416 Adjective - masculine singular Do you have הֲיֵ֣שׁ H3426 Adverb . . . לָכֶ֣ם Preposition | second person masculine plural another brother אָ֔ח H251 Noun - masculine singular And we answered וַנַ֨גֶּד־ H5046 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - first person common plural him ל֔וֹ Preposition | third person masculine singular accordingly עַל־ H5921 Preposition . . . פִּ֖י H6310 Noun - masculine singular construct . . . הַדְּבָרִ֣ים H1697 Article | Noun - masculine plural . . . הָאֵ֑לֶּה H428 Article | Pronoun - common plural How could we possibly know הֲיָד֣וֹעַ H3045 Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolute . . . נֵדַ֔ע H3045 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common plural that כִּ֣י H3588 Conjunction he would say יֹאמַ֔ר H559 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular Bring הוֹרִ֖ידוּ H3381 Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker your brother here אֲחִיכֶֽם׃ H251 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine plural
Verse 8

Original words

And Judah יְהוּדָ֜ה H3063 Noun - proper - masculine singular said וַיֹּ֨אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition his father אָבִ֗יו H1 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular Israel יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular Send שִׁלְחָ֥ה H7971 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular | third person feminine singular the boy הַנַּ֛עַר H5288 Article | Noun - masculine singular with me אִתִּ֖י H854 Preposition | first person common singular vvv וְנָק֣וּמָה H6965 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Imperfect Cohortative - first person common plural and we will go at once וְנֵלֵ֑כָה H1980 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative - first person common plural so that we may live וְנִֽחְיֶה֙ H2421 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative if contextual - first person common plural and not וְלֹ֣א H3808 Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle die נָמ֔וּת H4191 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common plural . . . גַּם־ H1571 Conjunction neither we אֲנַ֥חְנוּ H587 Pronoun - first person common plural . . . גַם־ H1571 Conjunction nor you אַתָּ֖ה H859 Pronoun - second person masculine singular . . . גַּם־ H1571 Conjunction nor our children טַפֵּֽנוּ׃ H2945 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common plural
Verse 9

Original words

I אָֽנֹכִי֙ H595 Pronoun - first person common singular will guarantee his safety אֶֽעֶרְבֶ֔נּוּ H6148 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singular | third person masculine singular You may hold me תְּבַקְשֶׁ֑נּוּ H1245 Verb - Piel - Imperfect - second person masculine singular | third person masculine singular personally responsible מִיָּדִ֖י H3027 Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular If אִם־ H518 Conjunction I do not לֹ֨א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle bring him back הֲבִיאֹתִ֤יו H935 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - first person common singular | third person masculine singular - אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ H413 Preposition | second person masculine singular and set him וְהִצַּגְתִּ֣יו H3322 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular | third person masculine singular before you לְפָנֶ֔יךָ H6440 Preposition-l | Noun - common plural construct | second person masculine singular then may I לְךָ֖ Preposition | second person masculine singular bear the guilt before you וְחָטָ֥אתִֽי H2398 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular all my life כָּל־ H3605 Noun - masculine singular construct . . . הַיָּמִֽים׃ H3117 Article | Noun - masculine plural
Verse 10

Original words

If we had not כִּ֖י H3588 Conjunction . . . לוּלֵ֣א H3884 Conjunction delayed הִתְמַהְמָ֑הְנוּ H4102 Verb - Hitpael - Perfect - first person common plural . . . כִּֽי־ H3588 Conjunction we could have come and gone שַׁ֖בְנוּ H7725 Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common plural . . . זֶ֥ה H2088 Pronoun - masculine singular twice פַעֲמָֽיִם׃ H6471 Noun - fd by now עַתָּ֥ה H6258 Adverb
Verse 11

Original words

Then their father אֲבִיהֶ֗ם H1 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine plural Israel יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular said וַיֹּ֨אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to them אֲלֵהֶ֜ם H413 Preposition | third person masculine plural If אִם־ H518 Conjunction it must be so כֵּ֣ן׀ H3651 Adverb then אֵפוֹא֮ H645 Conjunction do עֲשׂוּ֒ H6213 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural this זֹ֣את H2063 Pronoun - feminine singular Put קְח֞וּ H3947 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural some of the best products מִזִּמְרַ֤ת H2173 Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct of the land הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ H776 Article | Noun - feminine singular in your packs בִּכְלֵיכֶ֔ם H3627 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine plural and carry them down וְהוֹרִ֥ידוּ H3381 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine plural as a gift מִנְחָ֑ה H4503 Noun - feminine singular for the man לָאִ֖ישׁ H376 Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singular a little מְעַ֤ט H4592 Adjective - masculine singular construct balm צֳרִי֙ H6875 Noun - masculine singular and a little וּמְעַ֣ט H4592 Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine singular construct honey דְּבַ֔שׁ H1706 Noun - masculine singular spices נְכֹ֣את H5219 Noun - feminine singular and myrrh וָלֹ֔ט H3910 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular pistachios בָּטְנִ֖ים H992 Noun - masculine plural and almonds וּשְׁקֵדִֽים׃ H8247 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural
Verse 12

Original words

Take קְח֣וּ H3947 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural double מִשְׁנֶ֖ה H4932 Noun - masculine singular the silver וְכֶ֥סֶף H3701 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular with you בְיֶדְכֶ֑ם H3027 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine plural so that וְאֶת־ H853 Conjunctive waw | Direct object marker you may return הַמּוּשָׁ֨ב H7725 Article | Verb - Hofal - Participle - masculine singular the silver הַכֶּ֜סֶף H3701 Article | Noun - masculine singular that was put back תָּשִׁ֣יבוּ H7725 Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - second person masculine plural . . . בְיֶדְכֶ֔ם H3027 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine plural into the mouths בְּפִ֤י H6310 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct of your sacks אַמְתְּחֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ H572 Noun - feminine plural construct | second person masculine plural Perhaps אוּלַ֥י H194 Adverb it הֽוּא׃ H1931 Pronoun - third person masculine singular was a mistake מִשְׁגֶּ֖ה H4870 Noun - masculine singular
Verse 13

Original words

- וְאֶת־ H853 Conjunctive waw | Direct object marker Take קָ֑חוּ H3947 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural your brother as well אֲחִיכֶ֖ם H251 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine plural and return שׁ֥וּבוּ H7725 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural to אֶל־ H413 Preposition the man הָאִֽישׁ׃ H376 Article | Noun - masculine singular at once וְק֖וּמוּ H6965 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural
Verse 14

Original words

May God וְאֵ֣ל H410 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular Almighty שַׁדַּ֗י H7706 Noun - proper - masculine singular grant יִתֵּ֨ן H5414 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular you לָכֶ֤ם Preposition | second person masculine plural mercy רַחֲמִים֙ H7356 Noun - masculine plural before לִפְנֵ֣י H6440 Preposition-l | Noun - common plural construct the man הָאִ֔ישׁ H376 Article | Noun - masculine singular that he may release וְשִׁלַּ֥ח H7971 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular your לָכֶ֛ם Preposition | second person masculine plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker other אַחֵ֖ר H312 Adjective - masculine singular - וְאֶת־ H853 Conjunctive waw | Direct object marker brother אֲחִיכֶ֥ם H251 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine plural along with Benjamin בִּנְיָמִ֑ין H1144 Noun - proper - masculine singular As for me וַאֲנִ֕י H589 Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - first person common singular if כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר H834 Preposition-k | Pronoun - relative I am bereaved שָׁכֹ֖לְתִּי H7921 Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular I am bereaved שָׁכָֽלְתִּי׃ H7921 Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular

BSB notes

  • Hebrew El-Shaddai

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.