Focused Passage

Genesis 43:1-14

Judah Sureties for Benjamin, the Brothers Return to Egypt, and Joseph Shows Hidden Mercy at the Table

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1Now the famine was still severe in the land.

2So when Jacob’s sons had eaten all the grain they had brought from Egypt, their father said to them, “Go back and buy us a little more food.”

3But Judah replied, “The man solemnly warned us, ‘You will not see my face again unless your brother is with you.’

4If you will send our brother with us, we will go down and buy food for you.

5But if you will not send him, we will not go; for the man told us, ‘You will not see my face again unless your brother is with you.’”

6“Why did you bring this trouble upon me?” Israel asked. “Why did you tell the man you had another brother?”

7They replied, “The man questioned us in detail about ourselves and our family: ‘Is your father still alive? Do you have another brother?’ And we answered him accordingly. How could we possibly know that he would say, ‘Bring your brother here’?”

8And Judah said to his father Israel, “Send the boy with me, and we will go at once, so that we may live and not die—neither we, nor you, nor our children.

9I will guarantee his safety. You may hold me personally responsible. If I do not bring him back and set him before you, then may I bear the guilt before you all my life.

10If we had not delayed, we could have come and gone twice by now.”

11Then their father Israel said to them, “If it must be so, then do this: Put some of the best products of the land in your packs and carry them down as a gift for the man—a little balm and a little honey, spices and myrrh, pistachios and almonds.

12Take double the silver with you so that you may return the silver that was put back into the mouths of your sacks. Perhaps it was a mistake.

13Take your brother as well, and return to the man at once.

14May God Almighty grant you mercy before the man, that he may release your other brother along with Benjamin. As for me, if I am bereaved, I am bereaved.”

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Now the famineוְהָרָעָ֖בH7458Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singularwas still severeכָּבֵ֥דH3515Adjective - masculine singularin the landבָּאָֽרֶץ׃H776Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singular
Verse 2

Original words

-וַיְהִ֗יH1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularSo whenכַּאֲשֶׁ֤רH834Preposition-k | Pronoun - relative-אֶת־H853Direct object marker[Jacob’s sons] had eaten allכִּלּוּ֙H3615Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person common plural. . .לֶאֱכֹ֣לH398Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructthe grainהַשֶּׁ֔בֶרH7668Article | Noun - masculine singular-אֲשֶׁ֥רH834Pronoun - relativethey had broughtהֵבִ֖יאוּH935Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common pluralfrom Egyptמִמִּצְרָ֑יִםH4714Preposition-m | Noun - proper - feminine singulartheir fatherאֲבִיהֶ֔םH1Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine pluralsaidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularto themאֲלֵיהֶם֙H413Preposition | third person masculine pluralGo backשֻׁ֖בוּH7725Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluraland buyשִׁבְרוּ־H7666Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluralusלָ֥נוּPreposition | first person common plurala little moreמְעַט־H4592Adjective - masculine singular constructfoodאֹֽכֶל׃H400Noun - masculine singular
Verse 3

Original words

But Judahיְהוּדָ֖הH3063Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .לֵאמֹ֑רH559Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructrepliedוַיֹּ֧אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .אֵלָ֛יוH413Preposition | third person masculine singularThe manהָאִ֤ישׁH376Article | Noun - masculine singular. . .לֵאמֹר֙H559Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructsolemnly warnedהָעֵ֣דH5749Verb - Hifil - Infinitive absolute. . .הֵעִד֩H5749Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singularusבָּ֨נוּPreposition | first person common pluralYou will notלֹֽא־H3808Adverb - Negative particleseeתִרְא֣וּH7200Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine pluralmy faceפָנַ֔יH6440Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common singularagain unlessבִּלְתִּ֖יH1115Prepositionyour brotherאֲחִיכֶ֥םH251Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine pluralis with youאִתְּכֶֽם׃H854Preposition | second person masculine plural
Verse 4

Original words

Ifאִם־H518Conjunction. . .יֶשְׁךָ֛H3426Adverb | second person masculine singularyou will sendמְשַׁלֵּ֥חַH7971Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerour brotherאָחִ֖ינוּH251Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common pluralwith usאִתָּ֑נוּH854Preposition | first person common pluralwe will go downנֵרְדָ֕הH3381Verb - Qal - Imperfect Cohortative - first person common pluraland buyוְנִשְׁבְּרָ֥הH7666Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative - first person common pluralfoodאֹֽכֶל׃H400Noun - masculine singularfor youלְךָ֖Preposition | second person masculine singular
Verse 5

Original words

But ifוְאִם־H518Conjunctionyou will notאֵינְךָ֥H369Adverb | second person masculine singularsend himמְשַׁלֵּ֖חַH7971Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine singularwe will notלֹ֣אH3808Adverb - Negative particlegoנֵרֵ֑דH3381Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common pluralforכִּֽי־H3588Conjunctionthe manהָאִ֞ישׁH376Article | Noun - masculine singulartoldאָמַ֤רH559Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularusאֵלֵ֙ינוּ֙H413Preposition | first person common pluralYou will notלֹֽא־H3808Adverb - Negative particleseeתִרְא֣וּH7200Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine pluralmy faceפָנַ֔יH6440Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common singularagain unlessבִּלְתִּ֖יH1115Prepositionyour brotherאֲחִיכֶ֥םH251Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine pluralis with youאִתְּכֶֽם׃H854Preposition | second person masculine plural
Verse 6

Original words

Whyלָמָ֥הH4100Interrogativedid you bring this troubleהֲרֵעֹתֶ֖םH7489Verb - Hifil - Perfect - second person masculine pluralupon meלִ֑יPreposition | first person common singularIsraelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singularaskedוַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙H559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularWhy did you tellלְהַגִּ֣ידH5046Preposition-l | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive constructthe manלָאִ֔ישׁH376Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singularyou had anotherהַע֥וֹדH5750Adverb. . .לָכֶ֖םPreposition | second person masculine pluralbrotherאָֽח׃H251Noun - masculine singular
Verse 7

Original words

They repliedוַיֹּאמְר֡וּH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralThe manהָ֠אִישׁH376Article | Noun - masculine singularquestionedשָׁא֣וֹלH7592Verb - Qal - Infinitive absoluteusלָ֣נוּPreposition | first person common pluralin detailשָֽׁאַל־H7592Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularabout ourselves and our familyוּלְמֽוֹלַדְתֵּ֜נוּH4138Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common pluralלֵאמֹ֗רלֵאמֹ֗רH559Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructIs your fatherאֲבִיכֶ֥םH1Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine pluralstillהַע֨וֹדH5750Adverbaliveחַי֙H2416Adjective - masculine singularDo you haveהֲיֵ֣שׁH3426Adverb. . .לָכֶ֣םPreposition | second person masculine pluralanother brotherאָ֔חH251Noun - masculine singularAnd we answeredוַנַ֨גֶּד־H5046Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - first person common pluralhimל֔וֹPreposition | third person masculine singularaccordinglyעַל־H5921Preposition. . .פִּ֖יH6310Noun - masculine singular construct. . .הַדְּבָרִ֣יםH1697Article | Noun - masculine plural. . .הָאֵ֑לֶּהH428Article | Pronoun - common pluralHow could we possibly knowהֲיָד֣וֹעַH3045Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolute. . .נֵדַ֔עH3045Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common pluralthatכִּ֣יH3588Conjunctionhe would sayיֹאמַ֔רH559Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularBringהוֹרִ֖ידוּH3381Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine plural-אֶת־H853Direct object markeryour brother hereאֲחִיכֶֽם׃H251Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine plural
Verse 8

Original words

And Judahיְהוּדָ֜הH3063Noun - proper - masculine singularsaidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulartoאֶל־H413Prepositionhis fatherאָבִ֗יוH1Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularIsraelיִשְׂרָאֵ֣לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singularSendשִׁלְחָ֥הH7971Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular | third person feminine singularthe boyהַנַּ֛עַרH5288Article | Noun - masculine singularwith meאִתִּ֖יH854Preposition | first person common singularvvvוְנָק֣וּמָהH6965Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Imperfect Cohortative - first person common pluraland we will go at onceוְנֵלֵ֑כָהH1980Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative - first person common pluralso that we may liveוְנִֽחְיֶה֙H2421Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative if contextual - first person common pluraland notוְלֹ֣אH3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particledieנָמ֔וּתH4191Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common plural. . .גַּם־H1571Conjunctionneither weאֲנַ֥חְנוּH587Pronoun - first person common plural. . .גַם־H1571Conjunctionnor youאַתָּ֖הH859Pronoun - second person masculine singular. . .גַּם־H1571Conjunctionnor our childrenטַפֵּֽנוּ׃H2945Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common plural
Verse 9

Original words

Iאָֽנֹכִי֙H595Pronoun - first person common singularwill guarantee his safetyאֶֽעֶרְבֶ֔נּוּH6148Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singular | third person masculine singularYou may hold meתְּבַקְשֶׁ֑נּוּH1245Verb - Piel - Imperfect - second person masculine singular | third person masculine singularpersonally responsibleמִיָּדִ֖יH3027Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singularIfאִם־H518ConjunctionI do notלֹ֨אH3808Adverb - Negative particlebring him backהֲבִיאֹתִ֤יוH935Verb - Hifil - Perfect - first person common singular | third person masculine singular-אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙H413Preposition | second person masculine singularand set himוְהִצַּגְתִּ֣יוH3322Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular | third person masculine singularbefore youלְפָנֶ֔יךָH6440Preposition-l | Noun - common plural construct | second person masculine singularthen may Iלְךָ֖Preposition | second person masculine singularbear the guilt before youוְחָטָ֥אתִֽיH2398Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singularall my lifeכָּל־H3605Noun - masculine singular construct. . .הַיָּמִֽים׃H3117Article | Noun - masculine plural
Verse 10

Original words

If we had notכִּ֖יH3588Conjunction. . .לוּלֵ֣אH3884Conjunctiondelayedהִתְמַהְמָ֑הְנוּH4102Verb - Hitpael - Perfect - first person common plural. . .כִּֽי־H3588Conjunctionwe could have come and goneשַׁ֖בְנוּH7725Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common plural. . .זֶ֥הH2088Pronoun - masculine singulartwiceפַעֲמָֽיִם׃H6471Noun - fdby nowעַתָּ֥הH6258Adverb
Verse 11

Original words

Then their fatherאֲבִיהֶ֗םH1Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine pluralIsraelיִשְׂרָאֵ֣לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singularsaidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularto themאֲלֵהֶ֜םH413Preposition | third person masculine pluralIfאִם־H518Conjunctionit must be soכֵּ֣ן׀H3651Adverbthenאֵפוֹא֮H645Conjunctiondoעֲשׂוּ֒H6213Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluralthisזֹ֣אתH2063Pronoun - feminine singularPutקְח֞וּH3947Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluralsome of the best productsמִזִּמְרַ֤תH2173Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular constructof the landהָאָ֙רֶץ֙H776Article | Noun - feminine singularin your packsבִּכְלֵיכֶ֔םH3627Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine pluraland carry them downוְהוֹרִ֥ידוּH3381Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine pluralas a giftמִנְחָ֑הH4503Noun - feminine singularfor the manלָאִ֖ישׁH376Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singulara littleמְעַ֤טH4592Adjective - masculine singular constructbalmצֳרִי֙H6875Noun - masculine singularand a littleוּמְעַ֣טH4592Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine singular constructhoneyדְּבַ֔שׁH1706Noun - masculine singularspicesנְכֹ֣אתH5219Noun - feminine singularand myrrhוָלֹ֔טH3910Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singularpistachiosבָּטְנִ֖יםH992Noun - masculine pluraland almondsוּשְׁקֵדִֽים׃H8247Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural
Verse 12

Original words

Takeקְח֣וּH3947Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluraldoubleמִשְׁנֶ֖הH4932Noun - masculine singularthe silverוְכֶ֥סֶףH3701Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singularwith youבְיֶדְכֶ֑םH3027Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine pluralso thatוְאֶת־H853Conjunctive waw | Direct object markeryou may returnהַמּוּשָׁ֨בH7725Article | Verb - Hofal - Participle - masculine singularthe silverהַכֶּ֜סֶףH3701Article | Noun - masculine singularthat was put backתָּשִׁ֣יבוּH7725Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - second person masculine plural. . .בְיֶדְכֶ֔םH3027Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine pluralinto the mouthsבְּפִ֤יH6310Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructof your sacksאַמְתְּחֹֽתֵיכֶם֙H572Noun - feminine plural construct | second person masculine pluralPerhapsאוּלַ֥יH194Adverbitהֽוּא׃H1931Pronoun - third person masculine singularwas a mistakeמִשְׁגֶּ֖הH4870Noun - masculine singular
Verse 13

Original words

-וְאֶת־H853Conjunctive waw | Direct object markerTakeקָ֑חוּH3947Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluralyour brother as wellאֲחִיכֶ֖םH251Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine pluraland returnשׁ֥וּבוּH7725Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluraltoאֶל־H413Prepositionthe manהָאִֽישׁ׃H376Article | Noun - masculine singularat onceוְק֖וּמוּH6965Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural
Verse 14

Original words

May Godוְאֵ֣לH410Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singularAlmightyשַׁדַּ֗יH7706Noun - proper - masculine singulargrantיִתֵּ֨ןH5414Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularyouלָכֶ֤םPreposition | second person masculine pluralmercyרַחֲמִים֙H7356Noun - masculine pluralbeforeלִפְנֵ֣יH6440Preposition-l | Noun - common plural constructthe manהָאִ֔ישׁH376Article | Noun - masculine singularthat he may releaseוְשִׁלַּ֥חH7971Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularyourלָכֶ֛םPreposition | second person masculine plural-אֶת־H853Direct object markerotherאַחֵ֖רH312Adjective - masculine singular-וְאֶת־H853Conjunctive waw | Direct object markerbrotherאֲחִיכֶ֥םH251Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine pluralalong with Benjaminבִּנְיָמִ֑יןH1144Noun - proper - masculine singularAs for meוַאֲנִ֕יH589Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - first person common singularifכַּאֲשֶׁ֥רH834Preposition-k | Pronoun - relativeI am bereavedשָׁכֹ֖לְתִּיH7921Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singularI am bereavedשָׁכָֽלְתִּי׃H7921Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular

BSB notes

  • Hebrew El-Shaddai

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.