Focused Passage

Isaiah 5:8-17

The Song of the Vineyard and the Woes Against Covenant Corruption

The chapter moves from the beloved’s vineyard song, to the LORD’s interpretation of Judah as the failed vineyard, to six woes exposing the vineyard’s bad fruit, to the rejection of the LORD’s instruction, and finally to the summoned instrument of judgment.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

8Woe to you who add house to house and join field to field until no place is left and you live alone in the land.

9I heard the LORD of Hosts declare: “Surely many houses will become desolate, great mansions left unoccupied.

10For ten acres of vineyard will yield but a bath of wine, and a homer of seed only an ephah of grain.”

11Woe to those who rise early in the morning in pursuit of strong drink, who linger into the evening, to be inflamed by wine.

12At their feasts are the lyre and harp, tambourines and flutes and wine. They disregard the actions of the LORD and fail to see the work of His hands.

13Therefore My people will go into exile for their lack of understanding; their dignitaries are starving and their masses are parched with thirst.

14Therefore Sheol enlarges its throat and opens wide its enormous jaws, and down go Zion’s nobles and masses, her revelers and carousers!

15So mankind will be brought low, and each man humbled; the arrogant will lower their eyes.

16But the LORD of Hosts will be exalted by His justice, and the holy God will show Himself holy in righteousness.

17Lambs will graze as in their own pastures, and strangers will feed in the ruins of the wealthy.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 8

Original words

Woeה֗וֹיH1945Interjectionto you who addמַגִּיעֵ֥יH5060Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine plural constructhouseבַ֙יִת֙H1004Noun - masculine singularto houseבְּבַ֔יִתH1004Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singularand joinיַקְרִ֑יבוּH7126Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine pluralfieldשָׂדֶ֥הH7704Noun - masculine singularto fieldבְשָׂדֶ֖הH7704Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singularuntilעַ֚דH5704Prepositionnoאֶ֣פֶסH657Noun - masculine singular constructplace [is left]מָק֔וֹםH4725Noun - masculine singularand you liveוְהֽוּשַׁבְתֶּ֥םH3427Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hofal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine pluralaloneלְבַדְּכֶ֖םH905Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine pluralinבְּקֶ֥רֶבH7130Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructthe landהָאָֽרֶץ׃H776Article | Noun - feminine singular
Verse 9

Original words

I heardבְּאָזְנָ֖יH241Preposition-b | Noun - feminine dual construct | first person common singularthe LORDיְהוָ֣הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularof Hosts {declare}צְבָא֑וֹתH6635Noun - common pluralSurelyאִם־H518Conjunction. . .לֹ֞אH3808Adverb - Negative particlemanyרַבִּים֙H7227Adjective - masculine pluralhousesבָּתִּ֤יםH1004Noun - masculine pluralwill becomeיִֽהְי֔וּH1961Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine pluraldesolateלְשַׁמָּ֣הH8047Preposition-l | Noun - feminine singulargreat mansionsגְּדֹלִ֥יםH1419Adjective - masculine plural. . .וְטוֹבִ֖יםH2896Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine pluralvvvמֵאֵ֥יןH369Preposition-m | Adverbleft unoccupiedיוֹשֵֽׁב׃H3427Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular
Verse 10

Original words

Forכִּ֗יH3588Conjunctiontenעֲשֶׂ֙רֶת֙H6235Number - masculine singular constructacresצִמְדֵּי־H6776Noun - masculine plural constructof vineyardכֶ֔רֶםH3754Noun - masculine singularwill yieldיַעֲשׂ֖וּH6213Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural[but] aאֶחָ֑תH259Number - feminine singularbath [of wine]בַּ֣תH1324Noun - masculine singularand a homerחֹ֖מֶרH2563Noun - masculine singularof seedוְזֶ֥רַעH2233Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct[only]יַעֲשֶׂ֥הH6213Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularan ephah [of grain]אֵיפָֽה׃פH374Noun - feminine singular

BSB notes

  • Literally ten yoke of vineyard will yield a bath; that is, the area ten yoke of oxen can plow in a day will yield approximately 5.8 gallons or 22 liters of wine.
  • Literally and a homer of seed will yield an ephah; that is, a homer of seed (approximately 6.24 bushels or 220 liters) will yield a tenth of its weight in grain.
Verse 11

Original words

Woeה֛וֹיH1945Interjectionto those who rise earlyמַשְׁכִּימֵ֥יH7925Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine plural constructin the morningבַבֹּ֖קֶרH1242Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularin pursuit ofיִרְדֹּ֑פוּH7291Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine pluralstrong drinkשֵׁכָ֣רH7941Noun - masculine singularwho lingerמְאַחֲרֵ֣יH309Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine plural constructinto the eveningבַנֶּ֔שֶׁףH5399Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularto be inflamedיַדְלִיקֵֽם׃H1814Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine pluralby wineיַ֖יִןH3196Noun - masculine singular
Verse 12

Original words

-וְהָיָ֨הH1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularAt their feastsמִשְׁתֵּיהֶ֑םH4960Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural-וְאֵ֨תH853Conjunctive waw | Direct object markerare the lyreכִנּ֜וֹרH3658Noun - masculine singular[and] harpוָנֶ֗בֶלH5035Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singulartambourinesתֹּ֧ףH8596Noun - masculine singularand flutesוְחָלִ֛ילH2485Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singularand wineוָיַ֖יִןH3196Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singularThey disregardלֹ֣אH3808Adverb - Negative particle-יַבִּ֔יטוּH5027Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine pluralthe actionsפֹּ֤עַלH6467Noun - masculine singular constructof the LORDיְהוָה֙H3068Noun - proper - masculine singularand failלֹ֥אH3808Adverb - Negative particleto seeרָאֽוּ׃H7200Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralthe workוּמַעֲשֵׂ֥הH4639Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular constructof His handsיָדָ֖יוH3027Noun - feminine dual construct | third person masculine singular
Verse 13

Original words

Thereforeלָכֵ֛ןH3651AdverbMy peopleעַמִּ֖יH5971Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularwill go into exileגָּלָ֥הH1540Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularfor their lackמִבְּלִי־H1097Preposition-m | Adverbof understandingדָ֑עַתH1847Noun - feminine singulartheir dignitariesוּכְבוֹדוֹ֙H3519Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular. . .מְתֵ֣יH4962Noun - masculine plural constructare starvingרָעָ֔בH7458Noun - masculine singularand their massesוַהֲמוֹנ֖וֹH1995Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularare parchedצִחֵ֥הH6704Adjective - masculine singular constructwith thirstצָמָֽא׃H6772Noun - masculine singular
Verse 14

Original words

Thereforeלָכֵ֗ןH3651AdverbSheolשְּׁאוֹל֙H7585Noun - common singularenlargesהִרְחִ֤יבָהH7337Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person feminine singularits throatנַפְשָׁ֔הּH5315Noun - feminine singular construct | third person feminine singularand opensוּפָעֲרָ֥הH6473Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person feminine singularwide its enormousלִבְלִי־H1097Preposition-l | Adverb. . .חֹ֑קH2706Noun - masculine singularjawsפִ֖יהָH6310Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singularand down goוְיָרַ֨דH3381Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular[Zion’s] noblesהֲדָרָ֧הּH1926Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singular[and] massesוַהֲמוֹנָ֛הּH1995Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singularher revelersוּשְׁאוֹנָ֖הּH7588Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singularand carousersוְעָלֵ֥זH5938Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine singular
Verse 15

Original words

So mankindאָדָ֖םH120Noun - masculine singularwill be brought lowוַיִּשַּׁ֥חH7817Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularand each manאִ֑ישׁH376Noun - masculine singularhumbledוַיִּשְׁפַּל־H8213Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularthe arrogantגְבֹהִ֖יםH1364Adjective - masculine pluralwill lowerתִּשְׁפַּֽלְנָה׃H8213Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine pluraltheir eyesוְעֵינֵ֥יH5869Conjunctive waw | Noun - cdc
Verse 16

Original words

But the LORDיְהוָ֥הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularof Hostsצְבָא֖וֹתH6635Noun - common pluralwill be exaltedוַיִּגְבַּ֛הH1361Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularby His justiceבַּמִּשְׁפָּ֑טH4941Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularand the holyהַקָּד֔וֹשׁH6918Article | Adjective - masculine singularGodוְהָאֵל֙H410Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singularwill show Himself holyנִקְדָּ֖שׁH6942Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine singularin righteousnessבִּצְדָקָֽה׃H6666Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular
Verse 17

Original words

Lambsכְבָשִׂ֖יםH3532Noun - masculine pluralwill grazeוְרָע֥וּH7462Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluralas in their own pasturesכְּדָבְרָ֑םH1699Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine pluraland strangersגָּרִ֥יםH1481Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine pluralwill feedיֹאכֵֽלוּ׃H398Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine pluralin the ruinsוְחָרְב֥וֹתH2723Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine plural constructof the wealthyמֵחִ֖יםH4220Noun - masculine plural

BSB notes

  • LXX lambs

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.