Focused Passage

Romans 9:1-13

God’s Faithfulness, Sovereign Mercy, and Israel’s Stumbling Over Christ

Paul moves from anguished love for Israel, to Israel's covenant privileges, to the defense of God's unfailing word through promise and election, to God's sovereign mercy and hardening, to the potter's authority over vessels, to Gentile inclusion and remnant salvation, and finally to Israel's stumbling over Christ because they pursued righteousness by works rather than by faith.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1I speak the truth in Christ; I am not lying, as confirmed by my conscience in the Holy Spirit.

2I have deep sorrow and unceasing anguish in my heart.

3For I could wish that I myself were cursed and cut off from Christ for the sake of my brothers, my own flesh and blood,

4the people of Israel. Theirs is the adoption as sons; theirs the divine glory and the covenants; theirs the giving of the law, the temple worship, and the promises.

5Theirs are the patriarchs, and from them proceeds the human descent of Christ, who is God over all, forever worthy of praise! Amen.

6It is not as though God’s word has failed. For not all who are descended from Israel are Israel.

7Nor because they are Abraham’s descendants are they all his children. On the contrary, “Through Isaac your offspring will be reckoned.”

8So it is not the children of the flesh who are God’s children, but it is the children of the promise who are regarded as offspring.

9For this is what the promise stated: “At the appointed time I will return, and Sarah will have a son.”

10Not only that, but Rebecca’s children were conceived by one man, our father Isaac.

11Yet before the twins were born or had done anything good or bad, in order that God’s plan of election might stand,

12not by works but by Him who calls, she was told, “The older will serve the younger.”

13So it is written: “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.”

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

I speakλέγωG3004Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular[the] truthἈλήθειανG225Noun - Accusative Feminine SingularinἐνG1722PrepositionChristΧριστῷG5547Noun - Dative Masculine SingularvvvοὐG3756AdverbI am not lyingψεύδομαιG5574Verb - Present Indicative Middle or Passive - 1st Person Singularas confirmedσυμμαρτυρούσηςG4828Verb - Present Participle Active - Genitive Feminine Singular. . .μοιG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 1st Person Singularby myμουG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Singular-τῆςG3588Article - Genitive Feminine SingularconscienceσυνειδήσεώςG4893Noun - Genitive Feminine SingularinἐνG1722Preposition[the] HolyἉγίῳG40Adjective - Dative Neuter SingularSpiritΠνεύματιG4151Noun - Dative Neuter Singular
Verse 2

Original words

-ὅτιG3754ConjunctionIμοίG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 1st Person SingularhaveἐστινG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingulardeepμεγάληG3173Adjective - Nominative Feminine SingularsorrowλύπηG3077Noun - Nominative Feminine SingularandκαὶG2532ConjunctionunceasingἀδιάλειπτοςG88Adjective - Nominative Feminine SingularanguishὀδύνηG3601Noun - Nominative Feminine SingularinτῇG3588Article - Dative Feminine SingularmyμουG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person SingularheartκαρδίᾳG2588Noun - Dative Feminine Singular
Verse 3

Original words

ForγὰρG1063ConjunctionIἐγὼG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 1st Person Singularcould wish thatηὐχόμηνG2172Verb - Imperfect Indicative Middle or Passive - 1st Person SingularI myselfαὐτὸςG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative Masculine 3rd Person SingularwereεἶναιG1510Verb - Present Infinitive ActivecursedἀνάθεμαG331Noun - Nominative Neuter Singular[and] cut off fromἀπὸG575Preposition-τοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularChristΧριστοῦG5547Noun - Genitive Masculine Singularfor the sake ofὑπὲρG5228PrepositionmyμουG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Singular-τῶνG3588Article - Genitive Masculine PluralbrothersἀδελφῶνG80Noun - Genitive Masculine PluralmyμουG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Singular-τῶνG3588Article - Genitive Masculine Pluralown flesh and bloodσυγγενῶνG4773Adjective - Genitive Masculine Plural. . .κατὰG2596Preposition. . .σάρκαG4561Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular
Verse 4

Original words

[the people of]οἵτινέςG3748Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Plural-εἰσινG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person PluralIsraelἸσραηλῖταιG2475Noun - Nominative Masculine Plural[Theirs is]ὧνG3739Personal / Relative Pronoun - Genitive Masculine PluraltheG3588Article - Nominative Feminine Singularadoption as sonsυἱοθεσίαG5206Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular[theirs]καὶG2532ConjunctiontheG3588Article - Nominative Feminine Singulardivine gloryδόξαG1391Noun - Nominative Feminine SingularandκαὶG2532ConjunctiontheαἱG3588Article - Nominative Feminine PluralcovenantsδιαθῆκαιG1242Noun - Nominative Feminine Plural[theirs]καὶG2532ConjunctiontheG3588Article - Nominative Feminine Singulargiving of the lawνομοθεσίαG3548Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular-καὶG2532ConjunctiontheG3588Article - Nominative Feminine Singulartemple worshipλατρείαG2999Noun - Nominative Feminine SingularandκαὶG2532ConjunctiontheαἱG3588Article - Nominative Feminine PluralpromisesἐπαγγελίαιG1860Noun - Nominative Feminine Plural
Verse 5

Original words

[Theirs are]ὧνG3739Personal / Relative Pronoun - Genitive Masculine PluraltheοἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine PluralpatriarchsπατέρεςG3962Noun - Nominative Masculine PluralandκαὶG2532ConjunctionfromἐξG1537Prepositionthem [ proceeds ]ὧνG3739Personal / Relative Pronoun - Genitive Masculine Plural-τὸG3588Article - Accusative Neuter SingularvvvκατὰG2596Preposition[the] human [descent]σάρκαG4561Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular-G3588Article - Nominative Masculine Singularof ChristΧριστὸςG5547Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularwhoG3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingularisὢνG1510Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine SingularGodΘεὸςG2316Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularoverἐπὶG1909PrepositionallπάντωνG3956Adjective - Genitive Neuter PluralvvvεἰςG1519PrepositionvvvτοὺςG3588Article - Accusative Masculine PluralforeverαἰῶναςG165Noun - Accusative Masculine Pluralworthy of praiseεὐλογητὸςG2128Adjective - Nominative Masculine SingularAmenἀμήνG281Hebrew Word

BSB notes

  • Or forever blessed
Verse 6

Original words

-δὲG1161Conjunction[It is] notΟὐχG3756Adverbas thoughοἷονG3634Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Neuter Singular-ὅτιG3754Conjunction-τοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularGod’sΘεοῦG2316Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular-G3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingularwordλόγοςG3056Noun - Nominative Masculine Singularhas failedἐκπέπτωκενG1601Verb - Perfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularForγὰρG1063ConjunctionnotοὐG3756AdverballπάντεςG3956Adjective - Nominative Masculine Pluralwho [are]οἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine Pluraldescended fromἐξG1537PrepositionIsraelἸσραήλG2474Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular[are]οὗτοιG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine PluralIsraelἸσραήλG2474Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular
Verse 7

Original words

Norοὐδ’G3761ConjunctionbecauseὅτιG3754Conjunctionthey areεἰσὶνG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person PluralAbraham’sἈβραάμG11Noun - Genitive Masculine SingulardescendantsσπέρμαG4690Noun - Nominative Neuter Singular[are] they allπάντεςG3956Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural[his] childrenτέκναG5043Noun - Nominative Neuter PluralOn the contraryἀλλ’G235ConjunctionThroughἘνG1722PrepositionIsaacἸσαὰκG2464Noun - Dative Masculine SingularyourσοιG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 2nd Person SingularoffspringσπέρμαG4690Noun - Nominative Neuter Singularwill be reckonedκληθήσεταίG2564Verb - Future Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Singular

BSB notes

  • Genesis 21:12
Verse 8

Original words

Soτοῦτ’G3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Neuter Singularit isἔστινG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularnotοὐG3756AdverbtheτὰG3588Article - Nominative Neuter PluralchildrenτέκναG5043Noun - Nominative Neuter Pluralof theτῆςG3588Article - Genitive Feminine SingularfleshσαρκὸςG4561Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular[who are]ταῦταG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Neuter Plural-τοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularGod’sΘεοῦG2316Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularchildrenτέκναG5043Noun - Nominative Neuter Pluralbut [it is]ἀλλὰG235ConjunctiontheτὰG3588Article - Nominative Neuter PluralchildrenτέκναG5043Noun - Nominative Neuter Pluralof theτῆςG3588Article - Genitive Feminine SingularpromiseἐπαγγελίαςG1860Noun - Genitive Feminine Singularwho are regardedλογίζεταιG3049Verb - Present Indicative Middle or Passive - 3rd Person SingularasεἰςG1519PrepositionoffspringσπέρμαG4690Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular
Verse 9

Original words

ForγὰρG1063Conjunctionthis [is]οὗτοςG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine SingularwhatG3588Article - Nominative Masculine Singular[the] promiseἐπαγγελίαςG1860Noun - Genitive Feminine SingularstatedλόγοςG3056Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularAtΚατὰG2596Preposition-τοῦτονG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine SingulartheτὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine Singularappointed timeκαιρὸνG2540Noun - Accusative Masculine SingularI will returnἐλεύσομαιG2064Verb - Future Indicative Middle - 1st Person SingularandκαὶG2532Conjunction-τῇG3588Article - Dative Feminine SingularSarahΣάρρᾳG4564Noun - Dative Feminine Singularwill haveἔσταιG1510Verb - Future Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Singulara sonυἱόςG5207Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular

BSB notes

  • Genesis 18:14
Verse 10

Original words

NotΟὐG3756AdverbonlyμόνονG3440AdverbthatδέG1161ConjunctionbutἀλλὰG235Conjunction-καὶG2532ConjunctionRebecca’s [children]ῬεβέκκαG4479Noun - Nominative Feminine SingularwereἔχουσαG2192Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Feminine SingularconceivedκοίτηνG2845Noun - Accusative Feminine SingularbyἐξG1537Prepositionone [man]ἑνὸςG1520Adjective - Genitive Masculine SingularourἡμῶνG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Plural-τοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularfatherπατρὸςG3962Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularIsaacἸσαὰκG2464Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 11

Original words

YetγὰρG1063Conjunctionbefore [the twins]μήπωG3380Adverbwere bornγεννηθέντωνG1080Verb - Aorist Participle Passive - Genitive Masculine Plural[or]μηδὲG3366Conjunctionhad doneπραξάντωνG4238Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Genitive Masculine PluralanythingτιG5100Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Accusative Neuter SingulargoodἀγαθὸνG18Adjective - Accusative Neuter SingularorG2228ConjunctionbadφαῦλονG5337Adjective - Accusative Neuter Singularin order thatἵναG2443Conjunction-G3588Article - Nominative Feminine Singular-τοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularGod’sΘεοῦG2316Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularplanπρόθεσιςG4286Noun - Nominative Feminine Singularofκατ’G2596PrepositionelectionἐκλογὴνG1589Noun - Accusative Feminine Singularmight standμένῃG3306Verb - Present Subjunctive Active - 3rd Person Singular
Verse 12

Original words

notοὐκG3756AdverbbyἐξG1537PrepositionworksἔργωνG2041Noun - Genitive Neuter Pluralbutἀλλ’G235ConjunctionbyἐκG1537PrepositionHim whoτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularcallsκαλοῦντοςG2564Verb - Present Participle Active - Genitive Masculine SingularsheαὐτῇG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Feminine 3rd Person Singularwas toldἐρρέθηG2046Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Singular-ὅτιG3754ConjunctionTheG3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingularolderμείζωνG3173Adjective - Nominative Masculine Singular - Comparativewill serveδουλεύσειG1398Verb - Future Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingulartheτῷG3588Article - Dative Masculine SingularyoungerἐλάσσονιG1640Adjective - Dative Masculine Singular - Comparative

BSB notes

  • Genesis 25:23
Verse 13

Original words

Soκαθὼς*G2531Conjunctionit is writtenγέγραπταιG1125Verb - Perfect Indicative Middle or Passive - 3rd Person Singular-ΤὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularJacobἸακὼβG2384Noun - Accusative Masculine SingularI lovedἠγάπησαG25Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 1st Person SingularbutδὲG1161Conjunction-τὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularEsauἨσαῦG2269Noun - Accusative Masculine SingularI hatedἐμίσησαG3404Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular

BSB notes

  • Malachi 1:2–3

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.