Focused Passage

Romans 9:1-13

God’s Faithfulness, Sovereign Mercy, and Israel’s Stumbling Over Christ

Paul moves from anguished love for Israel, to Israel's covenant privileges, to the defense of God's unfailing word through promise and election, to God's sovereign mercy and hardening, to the potter's authority over vessels, to Gentile inclusion and remnant salvation, and finally to Israel's stumbling over Christ because they pursued righteousness by works rather than by faith.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1 I speak the truth in Christ; I am not lying, as confirmed by my conscience in the Holy Spirit.

2 I have deep sorrow and unceasing anguish in my heart.

3 For I could wish that I myself were cursed and cut off from Christ for the sake of my brothers, my own flesh and blood,

4 the people of Israel. Theirs is the adoption as sons; theirs the divine glory and the covenants; theirs the giving of the law, the temple worship, and the promises.

5 Theirs are the patriarchs, and from them proceeds the human descent of Christ, who is God over all, forever worthy of praise! Amen.

6 It is not as though God’s word has failed. For not all who are descended from Israel are Israel.

7 Nor because they are Abraham’s descendants are they all his children. On the contrary, “Through Isaac your offspring will be reckoned.”

8 So it is not the children of the flesh who are God’s children, but it is the children of the promise who are regarded as offspring.

9 For this is what the promise stated: “At the appointed time I will return, and Sarah will have a son.”

10 Not only that, but Rebecca’s children were conceived by one man, our father Isaac.

11 Yet before the twins were born or had done anything good or bad, in order that God’s plan of election might stand,

12 not by works but by Him who calls, she was told, “The older will serve the younger.”

13 So it is written: “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.”

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

I speak λέγω G3004 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular [the] truth Ἀλήθειαν G225 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular in ἐν G1722 Preposition Christ Χριστῷ G5547 Noun - Dative Masculine Singular vvv οὐ G3756 Adverb I am not lying ψεύδομαι G5574 Verb - Present Indicative Middle or Passive - 1st Person Singular as confirmed συμμαρτυρούσης G4828 Verb - Present Participle Active - Genitive Feminine Singular . . . μοι G1473 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 1st Person Singular by my μου G1473 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Singular - τῆς G3588 Article - Genitive Feminine Singular conscience συνειδήσεώς G4893 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular in ἐν G1722 Preposition [the] Holy Ἁγίῳ G40 Adjective - Dative Neuter Singular Spirit Πνεύματι G4151 Noun - Dative Neuter Singular
Verse 2

Original words

- ὅτι G3754 Conjunction I μοί G1473 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 1st Person Singular have ἐστιν G1510 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular deep μεγάλη G3173 Adjective - Nominative Feminine Singular sorrow λύπη G3077 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction unceasing ἀδιάλειπτος G88 Adjective - Nominative Feminine Singular anguish ὀδύνη G3601 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular in τῇ G3588 Article - Dative Feminine Singular my μου G1473 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Singular heart καρδίᾳ G2588 Noun - Dative Feminine Singular
Verse 3

Original words

For γὰρ G1063 Conjunction I ἐγὼ G1473 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 1st Person Singular could wish that ηὐχόμην G2172 Verb - Imperfect Indicative Middle or Passive - 1st Person Singular I myself αὐτὸς G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative Masculine 3rd Person Singular were εἶναι G1510 Verb - Present Infinitive Active cursed ἀνάθεμα G331 Noun - Nominative Neuter Singular [and] cut off from ἀπὸ G575 Preposition - τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular Christ Χριστοῦ G5547 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular for the sake of ὑπὲρ G5228 Preposition my μου G1473 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Singular - τῶν G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Plural brothers ἀδελφῶν G80 Noun - Genitive Masculine Plural my μου G1473 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Singular - τῶν G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Plural own flesh and blood συγγενῶν G4773 Adjective - Genitive Masculine Plural . . . κατὰ G2596 Preposition . . . σάρκα G4561 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular
Verse 4

Original words

[the people of] οἵτινές G3748 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Plural - εἰσιν G1510 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural Israel Ἰσραηλῖται G2475 Noun - Nominative Masculine Plural [Theirs is] ὧν G3739 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Genitive Masculine Plural the G3588 Article - Nominative Feminine Singular adoption as sons υἱοθεσία G5206 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular [theirs] καὶ G2532 Conjunction the G3588 Article - Nominative Feminine Singular divine glory δόξα G1391 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction the αἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Feminine Plural covenants διαθῆκαι G1242 Noun - Nominative Feminine Plural [theirs] καὶ G2532 Conjunction the G3588 Article - Nominative Feminine Singular giving of the law νομοθεσία G3548 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular - καὶ G2532 Conjunction the G3588 Article - Nominative Feminine Singular temple worship λατρεία G2999 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction the αἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Feminine Plural promises ἐπαγγελίαι G1860 Noun - Nominative Feminine Plural
Verse 5

Original words

[Theirs are] ὧν G3739 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Genitive Masculine Plural the οἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Plural patriarchs πατέρες G3962 Noun - Nominative Masculine Plural and καὶ G2532 Conjunction from ἐξ G1537 Preposition them [ proceeds ] ὧν G3739 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Genitive Masculine Plural - τὸ G3588 Article - Accusative Neuter Singular vvv κατὰ G2596 Preposition [the] human [descent] σάρκα G4561 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular - G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular of Christ Χριστὸς G5547 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular who G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular is ὢν G1510 Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Singular God Θεὸς G2316 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular over ἐπὶ G1909 Preposition all πάντων G3956 Adjective - Genitive Neuter Plural vvv εἰς G1519 Preposition vvv τοὺς G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Plural forever αἰῶνας G165 Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural worthy of praise εὐλογητὸς G2128 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Singular Amen ἀμήν G281 Hebrew Word

BSB notes

  • Or forever blessed
Verse 6

Original words

- δὲ G1161 Conjunction [It is] not Οὐχ G3756 Adverb as though οἷον G3634 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Neuter Singular - ὅτι G3754 Conjunction - τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular God’s Θεοῦ G2316 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular - G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular word λόγος G3056 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular has failed ἐκπέπτωκεν G1601 Verb - Perfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular For γὰρ G1063 Conjunction not οὐ G3756 Adverb all πάντες G3956 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural who [are] οἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Plural descended from ἐξ G1537 Preposition Israel Ἰσραήλ G2474 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular [are] οὗτοι G3778 Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Plural Israel Ἰσραήλ G2474 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular
Verse 7

Original words

Nor οὐδ’ G3761 Conjunction because ὅτι G3754 Conjunction they are εἰσὶν G1510 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural Abraham’s Ἀβραάμ G11 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular descendants σπέρμα G4690 Noun - Nominative Neuter Singular [are] they all πάντες G3956 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural [his] children τέκνα G5043 Noun - Nominative Neuter Plural On the contrary ἀλλ’ G235 Conjunction Through Ἐν G1722 Preposition Isaac Ἰσαὰκ G2464 Noun - Dative Masculine Singular your σοι G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 2nd Person Singular offspring σπέρμα G4690 Noun - Nominative Neuter Singular will be reckoned κληθήσεταί G2564 Verb - Future Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Singular

BSB notes

  • Genesis 21:12
Verse 8

Original words

So τοῦτ’ G3778 Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Neuter Singular it is ἔστιν G1510 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular not οὐ G3756 Adverb the τὰ G3588 Article - Nominative Neuter Plural children τέκνα G5043 Noun - Nominative Neuter Plural of the τῆς G3588 Article - Genitive Feminine Singular flesh σαρκὸς G4561 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular [who are] ταῦτα G3778 Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Neuter Plural - τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular God’s Θεοῦ G2316 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular children τέκνα G5043 Noun - Nominative Neuter Plural but [it is] ἀλλὰ G235 Conjunction the τὰ G3588 Article - Nominative Neuter Plural children τέκνα G5043 Noun - Nominative Neuter Plural of the τῆς G3588 Article - Genitive Feminine Singular promise ἐπαγγελίας G1860 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular who are regarded λογίζεται G3049 Verb - Present Indicative Middle or Passive - 3rd Person Singular as εἰς G1519 Preposition offspring σπέρμα G4690 Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular
Verse 9

Original words

For γὰρ G1063 Conjunction this [is] οὗτος G3778 Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Singular what G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular [the] promise ἐπαγγελίας G1860 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular stated λόγος G3056 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular At Κατὰ G2596 Preposition - τοῦτον G3778 Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Singular the τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular appointed time καιρὸν G2540 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular I will return ἐλεύσομαι G2064 Verb - Future Indicative Middle - 1st Person Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction - τῇ G3588 Article - Dative Feminine Singular Sarah Σάρρᾳ G4564 Noun - Dative Feminine Singular will have ἔσται G1510 Verb - Future Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Singular a son υἱός G5207 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular

BSB notes

  • Genesis 18:14
Verse 10

Original words

Not Οὐ G3756 Adverb only μόνον G3440 Adverb that δέ G1161 Conjunction but ἀλλὰ G235 Conjunction - καὶ G2532 Conjunction Rebecca’s [children] Ῥεβέκκα G4479 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular were ἔχουσα G2192 Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Feminine Singular conceived κοίτην G2845 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular by ἐξ G1537 Preposition one [man] ἑνὸς G1520 Adjective - Genitive Masculine Singular our ἡμῶν G1473 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Plural - τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular father πατρὸς G3962 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular Isaac Ἰσαὰκ G2464 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 11

Original words

Yet γὰρ G1063 Conjunction before [the twins] μήπω G3380 Adverb were born γεννηθέντων G1080 Verb - Aorist Participle Passive - Genitive Masculine Plural [or] μηδὲ G3366 Conjunction had done πραξάντων G4238 Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Genitive Masculine Plural anything τι G5100 Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singular good ἀγαθὸν G18 Adjective - Accusative Neuter Singular or G2228 Conjunction bad φαῦλον G5337 Adjective - Accusative Neuter Singular in order that ἵνα G2443 Conjunction - G3588 Article - Nominative Feminine Singular - τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular God’s Θεοῦ G2316 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular plan πρόθεσις G4286 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular of κατ’ G2596 Preposition election ἐκλογὴν G1589 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular might stand μένῃ G3306 Verb - Present Subjunctive Active - 3rd Person Singular
Verse 12

Original words

not οὐκ G3756 Adverb by ἐξ G1537 Preposition works ἔργων G2041 Noun - Genitive Neuter Plural but ἀλλ’ G235 Conjunction by ἐκ G1537 Preposition Him who τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular calls καλοῦντος G2564 Verb - Present Participle Active - Genitive Masculine Singular she αὐτῇ G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Feminine 3rd Person Singular was told ἐρρέθη G2046 Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Singular - ὅτι G3754 Conjunction The G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular older μείζων G3173 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Singular - Comparative will serve δουλεύσει G1398 Verb - Future Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular the τῷ G3588 Article - Dative Masculine Singular younger ἐλάσσονι G1640 Adjective - Dative Masculine Singular - Comparative

BSB notes

  • Genesis 25:23
Verse 13

Original words

So καθὼς* G2531 Conjunction it is written γέγραπται G1125 Verb - Perfect Indicative Middle or Passive - 3rd Person Singular - Τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular Jacob Ἰακὼβ G2384 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular I loved ἠγάπησα G25 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular but δὲ G1161 Conjunction - τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular Esau Ἠσαῦ G2269 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular I hated ἐμίσησα G3404 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular

BSB notes

  • Malachi 1:2–3

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.