Focused Passage

Genesis 44:18-34

Joseph Tests His Brothers Through Benjamin, and Judah Offers Himself in Substitutionary Pleading

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

18 Then Judah approached Joseph and said, “Sir, please let your servant speak personally to my lord. Do not be angry with your servant, for you are equal to Pharaoh himself.

19 My lord asked his servants, ‘Do you have a father or a brother?’

20 And we answered, ‘We have an elderly father and a younger brother, the child of his old age. The boy’s brother is dead. He is the only one of his mother’s sons left, and his father loves him.’

21 Then you told your servants, ‘Bring him down to me so that I can see him for myself.’

22 So we said to my lord, ‘The boy cannot leave his father. If he were to leave, his father would die.’

23 But you said to your servants, ‘Unless your younger brother comes down with you, you will not see my face again.’

24 Now when we returned to your servant my father, we relayed your words to him.

25 Then our father said, ‘Go back and buy us some food.’

26 But we answered, ‘We cannot go down there unless our younger brother goes with us. So if our younger brother is not with us, we cannot see the man.’

27 And your servant my father said to us, ‘You know that my wife bore me two sons.

28 When one of them was gone, I said: “Surely he has been torn to pieces.” And I have not seen him since.

29 Now if you also take this one from me and harm comes to him, you will bring my gray hair down to Sheol in sorrow.’

30 So if the boy is not with us when I return to your servant, and if my father, whose life is wrapped up in the boy’s life,

31 sees that the boy is not with us, he will die. Then your servants will have brought the gray hair of your servant our father down to Sheol in sorrow.

32 Indeed, your servant guaranteed the boy’s safety to my father, saying, ‘If I do not return him to you, I will bear the guilt before you, my father, all my life.’

33 Now please let your servant stay here as my lord’s slave in place of the boy. Let him return with his brothers.

34 For how can I go back to my father without the boy? I could not bear to see the misery that would overwhelm him.”

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 18

Original words

Then Judah יְהוּדָ֗ה H3063 Noun - proper - masculine singular approached וַיִּגַּ֨שׁ H5066 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular [Joseph] אֵלָ֜יו H413 Preposition | third person masculine singular and said וַיֹּאמֶר֮ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Sir בִּ֣י H994 Preposition | first person common singular . . . אֲדֹנִי֒ H113 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular please נָ֨א H4994 Interjection let your servant עַבְדְּךָ֤ H5650 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular . . . דָבָר֙ H1697 Noun - masculine singular . . . בְּאָזְנֵ֣י H241 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine dual construct speak יְדַבֶּר־ H1696 Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singular personally to my lord אֲדֹנִ֔י H113 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular Do not וְאַל־ H408 Conjunctive waw | Adverb be angry יִ֥חַר H2734 Verb - Qal - Imperfect Jussive - third person masculine singular . . . אַפְּךָ֖ H639 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular with your servant בְּעַבְדֶּ֑ךָ H5650 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular for כִּ֥י H3588 Conjunction you are equal to כָמ֖וֹךָ H3644 Preposition | second person masculine singular Pharaoh himself כְּפַרְעֹֽה׃ H6547 Preposition-k | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 19

Original words

My lord אֲדֹנִ֣י H113 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular asked שָׁאַ֔ל H7592 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker his servants עֲבָדָ֖יו H5650 Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular . . . לֵאמֹ֑ר H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct Do you have הֲיֵשׁ־ H3426 Adverb . . . לָכֶ֥ם Preposition | second person masculine plural a father אָ֖ב H1 Noun - masculine singular or אוֹ־ H176 Conjunction a brother אָֽח׃ H251 Noun - masculine singular
Verse 20

Original words

And we answered וַנֹּ֙אמֶר֙ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - first person common plural . . . אֶל־ H413 Preposition . . . אֲדֹנִ֔י H113 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular We have יֶשׁ־ H3426 Adverb . . . לָ֙נוּ֙ Preposition | first person common plural an elderly זָקֵ֔ן H2205 Adjective - masculine singular father אָ֣ב H1 Noun - masculine singular and a younger brother קָטָ֑ן H6996 Adjective - masculine singular the child וְיֶ֥לֶד H3206 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct of his old age זְקֻנִ֖ים H2208 Noun - masculine plural The boy’s brother וְאָחִ֨יו H251 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular is dead מֵ֜ת H4191 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular He ה֧וּא H1931 Pronoun - third person masculine singular is the only לְבַדּ֛וֹ H905 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular one of his mother’s לְאִמּ֖וֹ H517 Preposition-l | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular sons left וַיִּוָּתֵ֨ר H3498 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular and his father וְאָבִ֥יו H1 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular loves him אֲהֵבֽוֹ׃ H157 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular
Verse 21

Original words

Then you told וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - second person masculine singular . . . אֶל־ H413 Preposition your servants עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ H5650 Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular Bring him down הוֹרִדֻ֖הוּ H3381 Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine plural | third person masculine singular to me אֵלָ֑י H413 Preposition | first person common singular so that I can see וְאָשִׂ֥ימָה H7760 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative - first person common singular him עָלָֽיו׃ H5921 Preposition | third person masculine singular for myself עֵינִ֖י H5869 Noun - common singular construct | first person common singular
Verse 22

Original words

So we said וַנֹּ֙אמֶר֙ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - first person common plural to אֶל־ H413 Preposition my lord אֲדֹנִ֔י H113 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular The boy הַנַּ֖עַר H5288 Article | Noun - masculine singular cannot לֹא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle . . . יוּכַ֥ל H3201 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular leave לַעֲזֹ֣ב H5800 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker his father אָבִ֑יו H1 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular If he were to leave וְעָזַ֥ב H5800 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker his father אָבִ֖יו H1 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular would die וָמֵֽת׃ H4191 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 23

Original words

But you said וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - second person masculine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition your servants עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ H5650 Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular vvv אִם־ H518 Conjunction Unless לֹ֥א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle your younger הַקָּטֹ֖ן H6996 Article | Adjective - masculine singular brother אֲחִיכֶ֥ם H251 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine plural comes down יֵרֵ֛ד H3381 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular with you אִתְּכֶ֑ם H854 Preposition | second person masculine plural you will not לֹ֥א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle see לִרְא֥וֹת H7200 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct my face פָּנָֽי׃ H6440 Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common singular again תֹסִפ֖וּן H3254 Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - second person masculine plural | Paragogic nun
Verse 24

Original words

Now when וַיְהִי֙ H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . כִּ֣י H3588 Conjunction we returned עָלִ֔ינוּ H5927 Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common plural to אֶֽל־ H413 Preposition your servant עַבְדְּךָ֖ H5650 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular my father אָבִ֑י H1 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular we relayed וַנַּ֨גֶּד־ H5046 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - first person common plural your words דִּבְרֵ֥י H1697 Noun - masculine plural construct . . . אֲדֹנִֽי׃ H113 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular to ל֔וֹ Preposition | third person masculine singular him אֵ֖ת H853 Direct object marker
Verse 25

Original words

Then our father אָבִ֑ינוּ H1 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common plural said וַיֹּ֖אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Go back שֻׁ֖בוּ H7725 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural and buy שִׁבְרוּ־ H7666 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural us לָ֥נוּ Preposition | first person common plural some מְעַט־ H4592 Adjective - masculine singular construct food אֹֽכֶל׃ H400 Noun - masculine singular
Verse 26

Original words

But we answered וַנֹּ֕אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - first person common plural We cannot לֹ֥א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle . . . נוּכַ֖ל H3201 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common plural go down there לָרֶ֑דֶת H3381 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct unless אִם־ H518 Conjunction . . . יֵשׁ֩ H3426 Adverb our younger הַקָּטֹ֤ן H6996 Article | Adjective - masculine singular brother אָחִ֨ינוּ H251 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common plural goes וְיָרַ֔דְנוּ H3381 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common plural . . . כִּי־ H3588 Conjunction with us אִתָּ֙נוּ֙ H854 Preposition | first person common plural So if our younger הַקָּטֹ֖ן H6996 Article | Adjective - masculine singular brother וְאָחִ֥ינוּ H251 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common plural is not אֵינֶ֥נּוּ H369 Adverb | third person masculine singular with us אִתָּֽנוּ׃ H854 Preposition | first person common plural we cannot לֹ֣א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle . . . נוּכַ֗ל H3201 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common plural see לִרְאוֹת֙ H7200 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct . . . פְּנֵ֣י H6440 Noun - common plural construct the man הָאִ֔ישׁ H376 Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 27

Original words

And your servant עַבְדְּךָ֥ H5650 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular my father אָבִ֖י H1 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular said וַיֹּ֛אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to us אֵלֵ֑ינוּ H413 Preposition | first person common plural You אַתֶּ֣ם H859 Pronoun - second person masculine plural know יְדַעְתֶּ֔ם H3045 Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine plural that כִּ֥י H3588 Conjunction my wife אִשְׁתִּֽי׃ H802 Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular bore יָֽלְדָה־ H3205 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular me לִּ֥י Preposition | first person common singular two sons שְׁנַ֖יִם H8147 Number - md
Verse 28

Original words

When one of them הָֽאֶחָד֙ H259 Article | Number - masculine singular was gone וַיֵּצֵ֤א H3318 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . מֵֽאִתִּ֔י H854 Preposition-m | Direct object marker | first person common singular I said וָאֹמַ֕ר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - first person common singular Surely אַ֖ךְ H389 Adverb he has been torn to pieces טָרֹ֣ף H2963 Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolute . . . טֹרָ֑ף H2963 Verb - QalPass - Perfect - third person masculine singular And I have not וְלֹ֥א H3808 Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle seen him רְאִיתִ֖יו H7200 Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular | third person masculine singular . . . עַד־ H5704 Preposition since הֵֽנָּה׃ H2008 Adverb
Verse 29

Original words

- אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker Now if you also take וּלְקַחְתֶּ֧ם H3947 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine plural - גַּם־ H1571 Conjunction this one זֶ֛ה H2088 Pronoun - masculine singular from מֵעִ֥ם H5973 Preposition-m me פָּנַ֖י H6440 Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common singular and harm אָס֑וֹן H611 Noun - masculine singular comes to him וְקָרָ֣הוּ H7136 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular you will bring my gray hair שֵׂיבָתִ֛י H7872 Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular down וְהֽוֹרַדְתֶּ֧ם H3381 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker to Sheol שְׁאֹֽלָה׃ H7585 Noun - common singular | third person feminine singular in sorrow בְּרָעָ֖ה H7451 Preposition-b | Adjective - feminine singular
Verse 30

Original words

So וְעַתָּ֗ה H6258 Conjunctive waw | Adverb if the boy וְהַנַּ֖עַר H5288 Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singular is not אֵינֶ֣נּוּ H369 Adverb | third person masculine singular with us אִתָּ֑נוּ H854 Preposition | first person common plural when I return כְּבֹאִי֙ H935 Preposition-k | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | first person common singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition your servant עַבְדְּךָ֣ H5650 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular and [if] my father אָבִ֔י H1 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular whose life וְנַפְשׁ֖וֹ H5315 Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular is wrapped up קְשׁוּרָ֥ה H7194 Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - feminine singular in the boy’s life בְנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ H5315 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Verse 31

Original words

- וְהָיָ֗ה H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular sees כִּרְאוֹת֛וֹ H7200 Preposition-k | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person masculine singular that כִּי־ H3588 Conjunction the boy הַנַּ֖עַר H5288 Article | Noun - masculine singular [is] not [with us] אֵ֥ין H369 Adverb he will die וָמֵ֑ת H4191 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular Then your servants עֲבָדֶ֜יךָ H5650 Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker will have brought the gray hair שֵׂיבַ֨ת H7872 Noun - feminine singular construct of your servant עַבְדְּךָ֥ H5650 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular our father אָבִ֛ינוּ H1 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common plural down וְהוֹרִ֨ידוּ H3381 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural to Sheol שְׁאֹֽלָה׃ H7585 Noun - common singular | third person feminine singular in sorrow בְּיָג֖וֹן H3015 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 32

Original words

Indeed כִּ֤י H3588 Conjunction your servant עַבְדְּךָ֙ H5650 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular guaranteed עָרַ֣ב H6148 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular the boy’s safety הַנַּ֔עַר H5288 Article | Noun - masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker to מֵעִ֥ם H5973 Preposition-m my father אָבִ֖י H1 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular saying לֵאמֹ֑ר H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct If אִם־ H518 Conjunction I do not לֹ֤א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle return him אֲבִיאֶ֙נּוּ֙ H935 Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - first person common singular | third person masculine singular to you אֵלֶ֔יךָ H413 Preposition | second person masculine singular I will כָּל־ H3605 Noun - masculine singular construct bear the guilt וְחָטָ֥אתִי H2398 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular before you, my father לְאָבִ֖י H1 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular all my life הַיָּמִֽים׃ H3117 Article | Noun - masculine plural
Verse 33

Original words

Now וְעַתָּ֗ה H6258 Conjunctive waw | Adverb please נָ֤א H4994 Interjection let your servant עַבְדְּךָ֙ H5650 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular stay here יֵֽשֶׁב־ H3427 Verb - Qal - Imperfect Jussive - third person masculine singular as my lord’s לַֽאדֹנִ֑י H113 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular . . . וְהַנַּ֖עַר H5288 Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singular slave עֶ֖בֶד H5650 Noun - masculine singular in place of תַּ֣חַת H8478 Preposition the boy הַנַּ֔עַר H5288 Article | Noun - masculine singular Let him return יַ֥עַל H5927 Verb - Qal - Imperfect Jussive - third person masculine singular with עִם־ H5973 Preposition his brothers אֶחָֽיו׃ H251 Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular
Verse 34

Original words

For כִּי־ H3588 Conjunction how אֵיךְ֙ H349 Interjection can I go back אֶֽעֱלֶ֣ה H5927 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition my father אָבִ֔י H1 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular without אֵינֶ֣נּוּ H369 Adverb | third person masculine singular . . . אִתִּ֑י H854 Preposition | first person common singular the boy וְהַנַּ֖עַר H5288 Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singular I could not bear פֶּ֚ן H6435 Conjunction to see אֶרְאֶ֣ה H7200 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singular the misery בָרָ֔ע H7451 Preposition-b, Article | Adjective - masculine singular that אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834 Pronoun - relative would overwhelm יִמְצָ֖א H4672 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker [him] אָבִֽי׃ H1 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.