Focused Passage

Genesis 44:18-34

Joseph Tests His Brothers Through Benjamin, and Judah Offers Himself in Substitutionary Pleading

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

18Then Judah approached Joseph and said, “Sir, please let your servant speak personally to my lord. Do not be angry with your servant, for you are equal to Pharaoh himself.

19My lord asked his servants, ‘Do you have a father or a brother?’

20And we answered, ‘We have an elderly father and a younger brother, the child of his old age. The boy’s brother is dead. He is the only one of his mother’s sons left, and his father loves him.’

21Then you told your servants, ‘Bring him down to me so that I can see him for myself.’

22So we said to my lord, ‘The boy cannot leave his father. If he were to leave, his father would die.’

23But you said to your servants, ‘Unless your younger brother comes down with you, you will not see my face again.’

24Now when we returned to your servant my father, we relayed your words to him.

25Then our father said, ‘Go back and buy us some food.’

26But we answered, ‘We cannot go down there unless our younger brother goes with us. So if our younger brother is not with us, we cannot see the man.’

27And your servant my father said to us, ‘You know that my wife bore me two sons.

28When one of them was gone, I said: “Surely he has been torn to pieces.” And I have not seen him since.

29Now if you also take this one from me and harm comes to him, you will bring my gray hair down to Sheol in sorrow.’

30So if the boy is not with us when I return to your servant, and if my father, whose life is wrapped up in the boy’s life,

31sees that the boy is not with us, he will die. Then your servants will have brought the gray hair of your servant our father down to Sheol in sorrow.

32Indeed, your servant guaranteed the boy’s safety to my father, saying, ‘If I do not return him to you, I will bear the guilt before you, my father, all my life.’

33Now please let your servant stay here as my lord’s slave in place of the boy. Let him return with his brothers.

34For how can I go back to my father without the boy? I could not bear to see the misery that would overwhelm him.”

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 18

Original words

Then Judahיְהוּדָ֗הH3063Noun - proper - masculine singularapproachedוַיִּגַּ֨שׁH5066Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular[Joseph]אֵלָ֜יוH413Preposition | third person masculine singularand saidוַיֹּאמֶר֮H559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularSirבִּ֣יH994Preposition | first person common singular. . .אֲדֹנִי֒H113Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularpleaseנָ֨אH4994Interjectionlet your servantעַבְדְּךָ֤H5650Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular. . .דָבָר֙H1697Noun - masculine singular. . .בְּאָזְנֵ֣יH241Preposition-b | Noun - feminine dual constructspeakיְדַבֶּר־H1696Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singularpersonally to my lordאֲדֹנִ֔יH113Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularDo notוְאַל־H408Conjunctive waw | Adverbbe angryיִ֥חַרH2734Verb - Qal - Imperfect Jussive - third person masculine singular. . .אַפְּךָ֖H639Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularwith your servantבְּעַבְדֶּ֑ךָH5650Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularforכִּ֥יH3588Conjunctionyou are equal toכָמ֖וֹךָH3644Preposition | second person masculine singularPharaoh himselfכְּפַרְעֹֽה׃H6547Preposition-k | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 19

Original words

My lordאֲדֹנִ֣יH113Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularaskedשָׁאַ֔לH7592Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerhis servantsעֲבָדָ֖יוH5650Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular. . .לֵאמֹ֑רH559Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructDo you haveהֲיֵשׁ־H3426Adverb. . .לָכֶ֥םPreposition | second person masculine plurala fatherאָ֖בH1Noun - masculine singularorאוֹ־H176Conjunctiona brotherאָֽח׃H251Noun - masculine singular
Verse 20

Original words

And we answeredוַנֹּ֙אמֶר֙H559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - first person common plural. . .אֶל־H413Preposition. . .אֲדֹנִ֔יH113Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularWe haveיֶשׁ־H3426Adverb. . .לָ֙נוּ֙Preposition | first person common pluralan elderlyזָקֵ֔ןH2205Adjective - masculine singularfatherאָ֣בH1Noun - masculine singularand a younger brotherקָטָ֑ןH6996Adjective - masculine singularthe childוְיֶ֥לֶדH3206Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular constructof his old ageזְקֻנִ֖יםH2208Noun - masculine pluralThe boy’s brotherוְאָחִ֨יוH251Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularis deadמֵ֜תH4191Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularHeה֧וּאH1931Pronoun - third person masculine singularis the onlyלְבַדּ֛וֹH905Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularone of his mother’sלְאִמּ֖וֹH517Preposition-l | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singularsons leftוַיִּוָּתֵ֨רH3498Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularand his fatherוְאָבִ֥יוH1Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularloves himאֲהֵבֽוֹ׃H157Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular
Verse 21

Original words

Then you toldוַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙H559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - second person masculine singular. . .אֶל־H413Prepositionyour servantsעֲבָדֶ֔יךָH5650Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularBring him downהוֹרִדֻ֖הוּH3381Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine plural | third person masculine singularto meאֵלָ֑יH413Preposition | first person common singularso that I can seeוְאָשִׂ֥ימָהH7760Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative - first person common singularhimעָלָֽיו׃H5921Preposition | third person masculine singularfor myselfעֵינִ֖יH5869Noun - common singular construct | first person common singular
Verse 22

Original words

So we saidוַנֹּ֙אמֶר֙H559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - first person common pluraltoאֶל־H413Prepositionmy lordאֲדֹנִ֔יH113Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularThe boyהַנַּ֖עַרH5288Article | Noun - masculine singularcannotלֹא־H3808Adverb - Negative particle. . .יוּכַ֥לH3201Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularleaveלַעֲזֹ֣בH5800Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct-אֶת־H853Direct object markerhis fatherאָבִ֑יוH1Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularIf he were to leaveוְעָזַ֥בH5800Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerhis fatherאָבִ֖יוH1Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularwould dieוָמֵֽת׃H4191Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 23

Original words

But you saidוַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙H559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - second person masculine singulartoאֶל־H413Prepositionyour servantsעֲבָדֶ֔יךָH5650Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularvvvאִם־H518ConjunctionUnlessלֹ֥אH3808Adverb - Negative particleyour youngerהַקָּטֹ֖ןH6996Article | Adjective - masculine singularbrotherאֲחִיכֶ֥םH251Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine pluralcomes downיֵרֵ֛דH3381Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularwith youאִתְּכֶ֑םH854Preposition | second person masculine pluralyou will notלֹ֥אH3808Adverb - Negative particleseeלִרְא֥וֹתH7200Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructmy faceפָּנָֽי׃H6440Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common singularagainתֹסִפ֖וּןH3254Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - second person masculine plural | Paragogic nun
Verse 24

Original words

Now whenוַיְהִי֙H1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .כִּ֣יH3588Conjunctionwe returnedעָלִ֔ינוּH5927Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common pluraltoאֶֽל־H413Prepositionyour servantעַבְדְּךָ֖H5650Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularmy fatherאָבִ֑יH1Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularwe relayedוַנַּ֨גֶּד־H5046Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - first person common pluralyour wordsדִּבְרֵ֥יH1697Noun - masculine plural construct. . .אֲדֹנִֽי׃H113Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singulartoל֔וֹPreposition | third person masculine singularhimאֵ֖תH853Direct object marker
Verse 25

Original words

Then our fatherאָבִ֑ינוּH1Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common pluralsaidוַיֹּ֖אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularGo backשֻׁ֖בוּH7725Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluraland buyשִׁבְרוּ־H7666Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluralusלָ֥נוּPreposition | first person common pluralsomeמְעַט־H4592Adjective - masculine singular constructfoodאֹֽכֶל׃H400Noun - masculine singular
Verse 26

Original words

But we answeredוַנֹּ֕אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - first person common pluralWe cannotלֹ֥אH3808Adverb - Negative particle. . .נוּכַ֖לH3201Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common pluralgo down thereלָרֶ֑דֶתH3381Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructunlessאִם־H518Conjunction. . .יֵשׁ֩H3426Adverbour youngerהַקָּטֹ֤ןH6996Article | Adjective - masculine singularbrotherאָחִ֨ינוּH251Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common pluralgoesוְיָרַ֔דְנוּH3381Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common plural. . .כִּי־H3588Conjunctionwith usאִתָּ֙נוּ֙H854Preposition | first person common pluralSo if our youngerהַקָּטֹ֖ןH6996Article | Adjective - masculine singularbrotherוְאָחִ֥ינוּH251Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common pluralis notאֵינֶ֥נּוּH369Adverb | third person masculine singularwith usאִתָּֽנוּ׃H854Preposition | first person common pluralwe cannotלֹ֣אH3808Adverb - Negative particle. . .נוּכַ֗לH3201Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common pluralseeלִרְאוֹת֙H7200Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct. . .פְּנֵ֣יH6440Noun - common plural constructthe manהָאִ֔ישׁH376Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 27

Original words

And your servantעַבְדְּךָ֥H5650Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularmy fatherאָבִ֖יH1Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularsaidוַיֹּ֛אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularto usאֵלֵ֑ינוּH413Preposition | first person common pluralYouאַתֶּ֣םH859Pronoun - second person masculine pluralknowיְדַעְתֶּ֔םH3045Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine pluralthatכִּ֥יH3588Conjunctionmy wifeאִשְׁתִּֽי׃H802Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singularboreיָֽלְדָה־H3205Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singularmeלִּ֥יPreposition | first person common singulartwo sonsשְׁנַ֖יִםH8147Number - md
Verse 28

Original words

When one of themהָֽאֶחָד֙H259Article | Number - masculine singularwas goneוַיֵּצֵ֤אH3318Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .מֵֽאִתִּ֔יH854Preposition-m | Direct object marker | first person common singularI saidוָאֹמַ֕רH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - first person common singularSurelyאַ֖ךְH389Adverbhe has been torn to piecesטָרֹ֣ףH2963Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolute. . .טֹרָ֑ףH2963Verb - QalPass - Perfect - third person masculine singularAnd I have notוְלֹ֥אH3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particleseen himרְאִיתִ֖יוH7200Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular | third person masculine singular. . .עַד־H5704Prepositionsinceהֵֽנָּה׃H2008Adverb
Verse 29

Original words

-אֶת־H853Direct object markerNow if you also takeוּלְקַחְתֶּ֧םH3947Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine plural-גַּם־H1571Conjunctionthis oneזֶ֛הH2088Pronoun - masculine singularfromמֵעִ֥םH5973Preposition-mmeפָּנַ֖יH6440Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common singularand harmאָס֑וֹןH611Noun - masculine singularcomes to himוְקָרָ֣הוּH7136Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singularyou will bring my gray hairשֵׂיבָתִ֛יH7872Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singulardownוְהֽוֹרַדְתֶּ֧םH3381Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine plural-אֶת־H853Direct object markerto Sheolשְׁאֹֽלָה׃H7585Noun - common singular | third person feminine singularin sorrowבְּרָעָ֖הH7451Preposition-b | Adjective - feminine singular
Verse 30

Original words

Soוְעַתָּ֗הH6258Conjunctive waw | Adverbif the boyוְהַנַּ֖עַרH5288Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singularis notאֵינֶ֣נּוּH369Adverb | third person masculine singularwith usאִתָּ֑נוּH854Preposition | first person common pluralwhen I returnכְּבֹאִי֙H935Preposition-k | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | first person common singulartoאֶל־H413Prepositionyour servantעַבְדְּךָ֣H5650Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularand [if] my fatherאָבִ֔יH1Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularwhose lifeוְנַפְשׁ֖וֹH5315Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singularis wrapped upקְשׁוּרָ֥הH7194Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - feminine singularin the boy’s lifeבְנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃H5315Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Verse 31

Original words

-וְהָיָ֗הH1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularseesכִּרְאוֹת֛וֹH7200Preposition-k | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person masculine singularthatכִּי־H3588Conjunctionthe boyהַנַּ֖עַרH5288Article | Noun - masculine singular[is] not [with us]אֵ֥יןH369Adverbhe will dieוָמֵ֑תH4191Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularThen your servantsעֲבָדֶ֜יךָH5650Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerwill have brought the gray hairשֵׂיבַ֨תH7872Noun - feminine singular constructof your servantעַבְדְּךָ֥H5650Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularour fatherאָבִ֛ינוּH1Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common pluraldownוְהוֹרִ֨ידוּH3381Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluralto Sheolשְׁאֹֽלָה׃H7585Noun - common singular | third person feminine singularin sorrowבְּיָג֖וֹןH3015Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 32

Original words

Indeedכִּ֤יH3588Conjunctionyour servantעַבְדְּךָ֙H5650Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularguaranteedעָרַ֣בH6148Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularthe boy’s safetyהַנַּ֔עַרH5288Article | Noun - masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markertoמֵעִ֥םH5973Preposition-mmy fatherאָבִ֖יH1Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularsayingלֵאמֹ֑רH559Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructIfאִם־H518ConjunctionI do notלֹ֤אH3808Adverb - Negative particlereturn himאֲבִיאֶ֙נּוּ֙H935Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - first person common singular | third person masculine singularto youאֵלֶ֔יךָH413Preposition | second person masculine singularI willכָּל־H3605Noun - masculine singular constructbear the guiltוְחָטָ֥אתִיH2398Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singularbefore you, my fatherלְאָבִ֖יH1Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularall my lifeהַיָּמִֽים׃H3117Article | Noun - masculine plural
Verse 33

Original words

Nowוְעַתָּ֗הH6258Conjunctive waw | Adverbpleaseנָ֤אH4994Interjectionlet your servantעַבְדְּךָ֙H5650Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularstay hereיֵֽשֶׁב־H3427Verb - Qal - Imperfect Jussive - third person masculine singularas my lord’sלַֽאדֹנִ֑יH113Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular. . .וְהַנַּ֖עַרH5288Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singularslaveעֶ֖בֶדH5650Noun - masculine singularin place ofתַּ֣חַתH8478Prepositionthe boyהַנַּ֔עַרH5288Article | Noun - masculine singularLet him returnיַ֥עַלH5927Verb - Qal - Imperfect Jussive - third person masculine singularwithעִם־H5973Prepositionhis brothersאֶחָֽיו׃H251Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular
Verse 34

Original words

Forכִּי־H3588Conjunctionhowאֵיךְ֙H349Interjectioncan I go backאֶֽעֱלֶ֣הH5927Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singulartoאֶל־H413Prepositionmy fatherאָבִ֔יH1Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularwithoutאֵינֶ֣נּוּH369Adverb | third person masculine singular. . .אִתִּ֑יH854Preposition | first person common singularthe boyוְהַנַּ֖עַרH5288Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singularI could not bearפֶּ֚ןH6435Conjunctionto seeאֶרְאֶ֣הH7200Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singularthe miseryבָרָ֔עH7451Preposition-b, Article | Adjective - masculine singularthatאֲשֶׁ֥רH834Pronoun - relativewould overwhelmיִמְצָ֖אH4672Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object marker[him]אָבִֽי׃H1Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.