Focused Passage

Exodus 12:1-13

Passover, Judgment, and the Exodus from Egypt

The LORD institutes Passover and Unleavened Bread, shelters Israel through the blood of the lamb, strikes Egypt’s firstborn, brings Israel out with provision, and commands the redeemed people to remember and observe this deliverance.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1Now the LORD said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt,

2“This month is the beginning of months for you; it shall be the first month of your year.

3Tell the whole congregation of Israel that on the tenth day of this month each man must select a lamb for his family, one per household.

4If the household is too small for a whole lamb, they are to share with the nearest neighbor based on the number of people, and apportion the lamb accordingly.

5Your lamb must be an unblemished year-old male, and you may take it from the sheep or the goats.

6You must keep it until the fourteenth day of the month, when the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel will slaughter the animals at twilight.

7They are to take some of the blood and put it on the sides and tops of the doorframes of the houses where they eat the lambs.

8They are to eat the meat that night, roasted over the fire, along with unleavened bread and bitter herbs.

9Do not eat any of the meat raw or cooked in boiling water, but only roasted over the fire—its head and legs and inner parts.

10Do not leave any of it until morning; before the morning you must burn up any part that is left over.

11This is how you are to eat it: You must be fully dressed for travel, with your sandals on your feet and your staff in your hand. You are to eat in haste; it is the LORD’s Passover.

12On that night I will pass through the land of Egypt and strike down every firstborn male, both man and beast, and I will execute judgment against all the gods of Egypt. I am the LORD.

13The blood on the houses where you are staying will be a sign; when I see the blood, I will pass over you. No plague will fall on you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Now the LORDיְהוָה֙H3068Noun - proper - masculine singularsaidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulartoאֶל־H413PrepositionMosesמֹשֶׁ֣הH4872Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .וְאֶֽל־H413Conjunctive waw | Prepositionand Aaronאַהֲרֹ֔ןH175Noun - proper - masculine singularin the landבְּאֶ֥רֶץH776Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular constructof Egyptמִצְרַ֖יִםH4714Noun - proper - feminine singular. . .לֵאמֹֽר׃H559Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Verse 2

Original words

Thisהַזֶּ֛הH2088Article | Pronoun - masculine singularmonthהַחֹ֧דֶשׁH2320Article | Noun - masculine singularis the beginningרֹ֣אשׁH7218Noun - masculine singular constructof monthsחֳדָשִׁ֑יםH2320Noun - masculine pluralfor youלָכֶ֖םPreposition | second person masculine pluralit [shall be]הוּא֙H1931Pronoun - third person masculine singularthe firstרִאשׁ֥וֹןH7223Adjective - masculine singularmonthלְחָדְשֵׁ֖יH2320Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural constructof yourלָכֶ֔םPreposition | second person masculine pluralyearהַשָּׁנָֽה׃H8141Article | Noun - feminine singular
Verse 3

Original words

Tellדַּבְּר֗וּH1696Verb - Piel - Imperative - masculine plural. . .אֶֽל־H413Prepositionthe wholeכָּל־H3605Noun - masculine singular constructcongregationעֲדַ֤תH5712Noun - feminine singular constructof Israelיִשְׂרָאֵל֙H3478Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .לֵאמֹ֔רH559Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructthat on the tenthבֶּעָשֹׂ֖רH6218Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularday of thisהַזֶּ֑הH2088Article | Pronoun - masculine singularmonthלַחֹ֣דֶשׁH2320Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singulareach manאִ֛ישׁH376Noun - masculine singularmust selectוְיִקְח֣וּH3947Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine plurala lambשֶׂ֥הH7716Noun - masculine singularfor his familyאָבֹ֖תH1Noun - masculine plural. . .לְבֵית־H1004Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular constructoneשֶׂ֥הH7716Noun - masculine singularper householdלַבָּֽיִת׃H1004Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singular

BSB notes

  • The Hebrew word can mean lamb or kid; also in verses 4 and 5.
Verse 4

Original words

Ifוְאִם־H518Conjunctionthe householdהַבַּיִת֮H1004Article | Noun - masculine singular. . .מִהְיֹ֣תH1961Preposition-m | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructis too smallיִמְעַ֣טH4591Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularfor a whole lambמִשֶּׂה֒H7716Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singularthey are toה֗וּאH1931Pronoun - third person masculine singularshare withוְלָקַ֣חH3947Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularthe nearestהַקָּרֹ֥בH7138Article | Adjective - masculine singularneighborוּשְׁכֵנ֛וֹH7934Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular. . .אֶל־H413Preposition. . .בֵּית֖וֹH1004Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularbased on the numberבְּמִכְסַ֣תH4373Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular constructof peopleנְפָשֹׁ֑תH5315Noun - feminine pluraland apportionתָּכֹ֖סּוּH3699Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural. . .עַל־H5921Prepositionthe lambהַשֶּֽׂה׃H7716Article | Noun - masculine singularaccordinglyאִ֚ישׁH376Noun - masculine singularלְפִ֣ילְפִ֣יH6310Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct-אָכְל֔וֹH400Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person masculine singular
Verse 5

Original words

Yourלָכֶ֑םPreposition | second person masculine plurallambשֶׂ֥הH7716Noun - masculine singularmust beיִהְיֶ֣הH1961Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularan unblemishedתָמִ֛יםH8549Adjective - masculine singularyear-oldבֶּן־H1121Noun - masculine singular construct. . .שָׁנָ֖הH8141Noun - feminine singularmaleזָכָ֥רH2145Noun - masculine singular[and] you may takeתִּקָּֽחוּ׃H3947Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine pluralit fromמִן־H4480Prepositionthe sheepהַכְּבָשִׂ֥יםH3532Article | Noun - masculine plural. . .וּמִן־H4480Conjunctive waw | Prepositionor the goatsהָעִזִּ֖יםH5795Article | Noun - feminine plural
Verse 6

Original words

You mustוְהָיָ֤הH1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularkeepלְמִשְׁמֶ֔רֶתH4931Preposition-l | Noun - feminine singularitלָכֶם֙Preposition | second person masculine pluraluntilעַ֣דH5704Prepositionthe fourteenthאַרְבָּעָ֥הH702Number - masculine singular. . .עָשָׂ֛רH6240Number - masculine singulardayי֖וֹםH3117Noun - masculine singularof theהַזֶּ֑הH2088Article | Pronoun - masculine singularmonthלַחֹ֣דֶשׁH2320Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singularwhen the wholeכֹּ֛לH3605Noun - masculine singular constructassemblyקְהַ֥לH6951Noun - masculine singular constructof the congregationעֲדַֽת־H5712Noun - feminine singular constructof Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singularwill slaughterוְשָׁחֲט֣וּH7819Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural[the animals]אֹת֗וֹH853Direct object marker | third person masculine singularatבֵּ֥יןH996Prepositiontwilightהָעַרְבָּֽיִם׃H6153Article | Noun - md

BSB notes

  • Hebrew between the two evenings
Verse 7

Original words

They are to takeוְלָֽקְחוּ֙H3947Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluralsome ofמִן־H4480Prepositionthe bloodהַדָּ֔םH1818Article | Noun - masculine singularand putוְנָֽתְנ֛וּH5414Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluralit onעַל־H5921Prepositionvvvשְׁתֵּ֥יH8147Number - feminine dual constructthe sidesהַמְּזוּזֹ֖תH4201Article | Noun - feminine pluralandוְעַל־H5921Conjunctive waw | Prepositiontops of the doorframesהַמַּשְׁק֑וֹףH4947Article | Noun - masculine singularofעַ֚לH5921Prepositionthe housesהַבָּ֣תִּ֔יםH1004Article | Noun - masculine pluralwhereאֲשֶׁר־H834Pronoun - relativethey eat [the lambs]יֹאכְל֥וּH398Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural-אֹת֖וֹH853Direct object marker | third person masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Literally on the two doorposts and on the lintel; similarly in verses 22 and 23
Verse 8

Original words

They are to eatוְאָכְל֥וּH398Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural-אֶת־H853Direct object markerthe meatהַבָּשָׂ֖רH1320Article | Noun - masculine singularthatהַזֶּ֑הH2088Article | Pronoun - masculine singularnightבַּלַּ֣יְלָהH3915Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularroastedצְלִי־H6748Noun - masculine singular constructover the fireאֵ֣שׁH784Noun - common singularalong with unleavened breadוּמַצּ֔וֹתH4682Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine plural. . .עַל־H5921Prepositionand bitter herbsמְרֹרִ֖יםH4844Noun - masculine plural-יֹאכְלֻֽהוּ׃H398Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural | third person masculine singular
Verse 9

Original words

Do notאַל־H408Adverbeatתֹּאכְל֤וּH398Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine pluralany ofמִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙H4480Preposition | third person masculine singular[the meat] rawנָ֔אH4995Adjective - masculine singularor cookedמְבֻשָּׁ֖לH1310Verb - Pual - Participle - masculine singularin boilingוּבָשֵׁ֥לH1311Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine singularwaterבַּמָּ֑יִםH4325Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine pluralbut onlyכִּ֣יH3588Conjunction. . .אִם־H518Conjunctionroastedצְלִי־H6748Noun - masculine singular constructover the fireאֵ֔שׁH784Noun - common singularits headרֹאשׁ֥וֹH7218Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularandעַל־H5921Prepositionlegsכְּרָעָ֖יוH3767Noun - feminine plural construct | third person masculine singular. . .וְעַל־H5921Conjunctive waw | Prepositionand inner partsקִרְבּֽוֹ׃H7130Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Verse 10

Original words

Do notוְלֹא־H3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particleleaveתוֹתִ֥ירוּH3498Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - second person masculine pluralany of itמִמֶּ֖נּוּH4480Preposition | third person masculine singularuntilעַד־H5704Prepositionmorningבֹּ֑קֶרH1242Noun - masculine singularbeforeעַד־H5704Prepositionthe morningבֹּ֖קֶרH1242Noun - masculine singularyou must burn upבָּאֵ֥שׁH784Preposition-b, Article | Noun - common singular. . .תִּשְׂרֹֽפוּ׃H8313Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine pluralany partמִמֶּ֛נּוּH4480Preposition | third person masculine singularthat is left overוְהַנֹּתָ֥רH3498Conjunctive waw, Article | Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine singular
Verse 11

Original words

This is howוְכָכָה֮H3602Conjunctive waw | Adverbyou are to eat itתֹּאכְל֣וּH398Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural-אֹתוֹ֒H853Direct object marker | third person masculine singularYou must be fully dressed for travelמָתְנֵיכֶ֣םH4975Noun - masculine dual construct | second person masculine plural. . .חֲגֻרִ֔יםH2296Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - masculine pluralwith your sandalsנַֽעֲלֵיכֶם֙H5275Noun - feminine plural construct | second person masculine pluralon your feetבְּרַגְלֵיכֶ֔םH7272Preposition-b | Noun - feminine dual construct | second person masculine pluraland your staffוּמַקֶּלְכֶ֖םH4731Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine pluralin your handבְּיֶדְכֶ֑םH3027Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine pluralYou are to eatוַאֲכַלְתֶּ֤םH398Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine plural-אֹתוֹ֙H853Direct object marker | third person masculine singularin hasteבְּחִפָּז֔וֹןH2649Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singularitה֖וּאH1931Pronoun - third person masculine singularis the LORD’sלַיהוָֽה׃H3068Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singularPassoverפֶּ֥סַחH6453Noun - masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Literally Gird up your loins
Verse 12

Original words

On thatהַזֶּה֒H2088Article | Pronoun - masculine singularnightבַּלַּ֣יְלָהH3915Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularI will passוְעָבַרְתִּ֣יH5674Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singularthrough the landבְאֶֽרֶץ־H776Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular constructof Egyptמִצְרַיִם֮H4714Noun - proper - feminine singularand strike downוְהִכֵּיתִ֤יH5221Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singulareveryכָל־H3605Noun - masculine singular constructfirstborn maleבְּכוֹר֙H1060Noun - masculine singular-בְּאֶ֣רֶץH776Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct-מִצְרַ֔יִםH4714Noun - proper - feminine singularboth manמֵאָדָ֖םH120Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singularandוְעַד־H5704Conjunctive waw | Prepositionbeastבְּהֵמָ֑הH929Noun - feminine singularand I will executeאֶֽעֱשֶׂ֥הH6213Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singularjudgmentשְׁפָטִ֖יםH8201Noun - masculine pluralagainst allוּבְכָל־H3605Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructthe godsאֱלֹהֵ֥יH430Noun - masculine plural constructof Egyptמִצְרַ֛יִםH4714Noun - proper - feminine singularIאֲנִ֥יH589Pronoun - first person common singularam the LORDיְהוָֽה׃H3068Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 13

Original words

The bloodהַדָּ֨םH1818Article | Noun - masculine singularonעַ֤לH5921Prepositionthe housesהַבָּתִּים֙H1004Article | Noun - masculine pluralwhereאֲשֶׁ֣רH834Pronoun - relativeyouאַתֶּ֣םH859Pronoun - second person masculine pluralare stayingשָׁ֔םH8033Adverbwill beוְהָיָה֩H1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singulara signלְאֹ֗תH226Preposition-l | Noun - common singularwhen I seeוְרָאִ֙יתִי֙H7200Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerthe bloodהַדָּ֔םH1818Article | Noun - masculine singularI will passוּפָסַחְתִּ֖יH6452Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singularover youעֲלֵכֶ֑םH5921Preposition | second person masculine pluralNoוְלֹֽא־H3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particleplagueנֶ֙גֶף֙H5063Noun - masculine singularwill fallיִֽהְיֶ֨הH1961Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularon youבָכֶ֥םPreposition | second person masculine pluralto destroy youלְמַשְׁחִ֔יתH4889Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singularwhen I strikeבְּהַכֹּתִ֖יH5221Preposition-b | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive construct | first person common singularthe landבְּאֶ֥רֶץH776Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular constructof Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃H4714Noun - proper - feminine singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.