Focused Passage

Isaiah 1:1-9

The LORD’s Covenant Lawsuit Against a Rebellious People

The chapter moves from covenant indictment, to exposed corruption, to rejected worship, to gracious summons, to warning, to Zion’s promised purification and the destruction of rebels.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1This is the vision concerning Judah and Jerusalem that Isaiah son of Amoz saw during the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.

2Listen, O heavens, and give ear, O earth, for the LORD has spoken: “I have raised children and brought them up, but they have rebelled against Me.

3The ox knows its owner, and the donkey its master’s manger, but Israel does not know; My people do not understand.”

4Alas, O sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a brood of evildoers, children who act corruptly! They have forsaken the LORD; they have despised the Holy One of Israel and turned their backs on Him.

5Why do you want more beatings? Why do you keep rebelling? Your head has a massive wound, and your whole heart is afflicted.

6From the sole of your foot to the top of your head, there is no soundness—only wounds and welts and festering sores neither cleansed nor bandaged nor soothed with oil.

7Your land is desolate; your cities are burned with fire. Foreigners devour your fields before you—a desolation demolished by strangers.

8And the Daughter of Zion is abandoned like a shelter in a vineyard, like a shack in a cucumber field, like a city besieged.

9Unless the LORD of Hosts had left us a few survivors, we would have become like Sodom, we would have resembled Gomorrah.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

[This is] the visionחֲזוֹן֙H2377Noun - masculine singular constructconcerningעַל־H5921PrepositionJudahיְהוּדָ֖הH3063Noun - proper - masculine singularand Jerusalemוִירוּשָׁלִָ֑םH3389Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - feminine singularthatאֲשֶׁ֣רH834Pronoun - relativeIsaiahיְשַֽׁעְיָ֣הוּH3470Noun - proper - masculine singularsonבֶן־H1121Noun - masculine singular constructof Amozאָמ֔וֹץH531Noun - proper - masculine singularsawחָזָ֔הH2372Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularduring the reignsבִּימֵ֨יH3117Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural constructof Uzziahעֻזִּיָּ֧הוּH5818Noun - proper - masculine singularJothamיוֹתָ֛םH3147Noun - proper - masculine singularAhazאָחָ֥זH271Noun - proper - masculine singularand Hezekiahיְחִזְקִיָּ֖הוּH2396Noun - proper - masculine singularkingsמַלְכֵ֥יH4428Noun - masculine plural constructof Judahיְהוּדָֽה׃H3063Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 2

Original words

Listenשִׁמְע֤וּH8085Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluralO heavensשָׁמַ֙יִם֙H8064Noun - masculine pluraland give earוְהַאֲזִ֣ינִיH238Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Imperative - feminine singularO earthאֶ֔רֶץH776Noun - feminine singularforכִּ֥יH3588Conjunctionthe LORDיְהוָ֖הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularhas spokenדִּבֵּ֑רH1696Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singularI have raisedגִּדַּ֣לְתִּיH1431Verb - Piel - Perfect - first person common singularchildrenבָּנִים֙H1121Noun - masculine pluraland brought them upוְרוֹמַ֔מְתִּיH7311Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singularbut theyוְהֵ֖םH1992Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - third person masculine pluralhave rebelledפָּ֥שְׁעוּH6586Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralagainst Meבִֽי׃Preposition | first person common singular
Verse 3

Original words

The oxשׁוֹר֙H7794Noun - masculine singularknowsיָדַ֥עH3045Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularits ownerקֹנֵ֔הוּH7069Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularand the donkeyוַחֲמ֖וֹרH2543Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singularits master’sבְּעָלָ֑יוH1167Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singularmangerאֵב֣וּסH18Noun - masculine singular constructbut Israelיִשְׂרָאֵל֙H3478Noun - proper - masculine singulardoes notלֹ֣אH3808Adverb - Negative particleknowיָדַ֔עH3045Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularMy peopleעַמִּ֖יH5971Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singulardo notלֹ֥אH3808Adverb - Negative particleunderstandהִתְבּוֹנָֽן׃H995Verb - Hitpael - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 4

Original words

Alasה֣וֹי׀H1945InterjectionO sinfulחֹטֵ֗אH2398Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularnationגּ֣וֹיH1471Noun - masculine singulara peopleעַ֚םH5971Noun - masculine singularladenכֶּ֣בֶדH3515Adjective - masculine singular constructwith iniquityעָוֺ֔ןH5771Noun - common singulara broodזֶ֣רַעH2233Noun - masculine singularof evildoersמְרֵעִ֔יםH7489Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine pluralchildrenבָּנִ֖יםH1121Noun - masculine pluralwho act corruptlyמַשְׁחִיתִ֑יםH7843Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine pluralThey have forsakenעָזְב֣וּH5800Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural-אֶת־H853Direct object markerthe LORDיְהוָ֗הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularthey have despisedנִֽאֲצ֛וּH5006Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person common plural-אֶת־H853Direct object markerthe Holyקְד֥וֹשׁH6918Adjective - masculine singular constructOne of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singular[and] turnedנָזֹ֥רוּH2114Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person common pluraltheir backs on Himאָחֽוֹר׃H268Noun - masculine singular
Verse 5

Original words

Whyעַ֣לH5921Preposition. . .מֶ֥הH4100Interrogativedo you want moreע֖וֹדH5750Adverbbeatingsתֻכּ֛וּH5221Verb - Hofal - Imperfect - second person masculine pluralWhy do you keepתּוֹסִ֣יפוּH3254Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - second person masculine pluralrebellingסָרָ֑הH5627Noun - feminine singularYour headרֹ֣אשׁH7218Noun - masculine singularhas a massiveכָּל־H3605Noun - masculine singular constructwoundלָחֳלִ֔יH2483Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singularand your wholeוְכָל־H3605Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular constructheartלֵבָ֖בH3824Noun - masculine singularis afflictedדַּוָּֽי׃H1742Adjective - masculine singular
Verse 6

Original words

From the soleמִכַּף־H3709Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular constructof your footרֶ֤גֶלH7272Noun - feminine singularto the topוְעַד־H5704Conjunctive waw | Prepositionof your headרֹאשׁ֙H7218Noun - masculine singular[there is] noאֵֽין־H369Adverbsoundnessמְתֹ֔םH4974Noun - masculine singularonly woundsפֶּ֥צַעH6482Noun - masculine singularand weltsוְחַבּוּרָ֖הH2250Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singularand festeringטְרִיָּ֑הH2961Adjective - feminine singularsoresוּמַכָּ֣הH4347Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singularneitherלֹא־H3808Adverb - Negative particlecleansedזֹ֙רוּ֙H2115Verb - QalPass - Perfect - third person common pluralnorוְלֹ֣אH3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particlebandagedחֻבָּ֔שׁוּH2280Verb - Pual - Perfect - third person common pluralnorוְלֹ֥אH3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particlesoothedרֻכְּכָ֖הH7401Verb - Pual - Perfect - third person feminine singularwith oilבַּשָּֽׁמֶן׃H8081Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 7

Original words

Your landאַרְצְכֶ֣םH776Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine pluralis desolateשְׁמָמָ֔הH8077Noun - feminine singularyour citiesעָרֵיכֶ֖םH5892Noun - feminine plural construct | second person masculine plural[are] burnedשְׂרֻפ֣וֹתH8313Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - feminine pluralwith fireאֵ֑שׁH784Noun - common singularForeignersזָרִים֙H2114Adjective - masculine pluraldevourאֹכְלִ֣יםH398Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural-אֹתָ֔הּH853Direct object marker | third person feminine singularyour fieldsאַדְמַתְכֶ֗םH127Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine pluralbefore youלְנֶגְדְּכֶם֙H5048Preposition-l | second person masculine plurala desolationוּשְׁמָמָ֖הH8077Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singulardemolishedכְּמַהְפֵּכַ֥תH4114Preposition-k | Noun - feminine singular constructby strangersזָרִֽים׃H2114Adjective - masculine plural
Verse 8

Original words

And the Daughterבַת־H1323Noun - feminine singular constructof Zionצִיּ֖וֹןH6726Noun - proper - feminine singularis abandonedוְנוֹתְרָ֥הH3498Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Conjunctive perfect - third person feminine singularlike a shelterכְּסֻכָּ֣הH5521Preposition-k | Noun - feminine singularin a vineyardבְכָ֑רֶםH3754Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singularlike a shackכִּמְלוּנָ֥הH4412Preposition-k | Noun - feminine singularin a cucumber fieldבְמִקְשָׁ֖הH4750Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singularlike a cityכְּעִ֥ירH5892Preposition-k | Noun - feminine singularbesiegedנְצוּרָֽה׃H5341Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - feminine singular
Verse 9

Original words

Unlessלוּלֵי֙H3884Conjunctionthe LORDיְהוָ֣הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularof Hostsצְבָא֔וֹתH6635Noun - common pluralhad leftהוֹתִ֥ירH3498Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singularusלָ֛נוּPreposition | first person common plurala fewכִּמְעָ֑טH4592Preposition-k | Adjective - masculine singularsurvivorsשָׂרִ֖ידH8300Noun - masculine singularwe would have becomeהָיִ֔ינוּH1961Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common plurallike Sodomכִּסְדֹ֣םH5467Preposition-k | Noun - proper - feminine singularwe would have resembledדָּמִֽינוּ׃סH1819Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common pluralGomorrahלַעֲמֹרָ֖הH6017Preposition-l | Noun - proper - feminine singular

BSB notes

  • LXX had left us descendants
  • Cited in Romans 9:29

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.