Focused Passage

Galatians 4:12-20

No Longer Slaves: Sonship, Pastoral Anguish, and Children of Promise

Paul moves from the temporary minority of heirs under guardians, to redemption and adoption through God's sent Son, to the Spirit's cry of sonship, then to pastoral anguish over the Galatians' regression, and finally to the contrast between slavery and promise through Hagar and Sarah.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

12I beg you, brothers, become like me, for I became like you. You have done me no wrong.

13You know that it was because of an illness that I first preached the gospel to you.

14And although my illness was a trial to you, you did not despise or reject me. Instead, you welcomed me as if I were an angel of God, as if I were Christ Jesus Himself.

15What then has become of your blessing? For I can testify that, if it were possible, you would have torn out your eyes and given them to me.

16Have I now become your enemy by telling you the truth?

17Those people are zealous for you, but not in a good way. Instead, they want to isolate you from us, so that you may be zealous for them.

18Nevertheless, it is good to be zealous if it serves a noble purpose—at any time, and not only when I am with you.

19My children, for whom I am again in the pains of childbirth until Christ is formed in you,

20how I wish I could be with you now and change my tone, because I am perplexed about you.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 12

Original words

I begδέομαιG1189Verb - Present Indicative Middle or Passive - 1st Person SingularyouὑμῶνG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person PluralbrothersἀδελφοίG80Noun - Vocative Masculine PluralbecomeΓίνεσθεG1096Verb - Present Imperative Middle or Passive - 2nd Person PlurallikeὡςG5613AdverbmeἐγώG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 1st Person SingularforὅτιG3754ConjunctionI becameκἀγὼG2504Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 1st Person SingularlikeὡςG5613AdverbyouὑμεῖςG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 2nd Person PluralYou have done me no wrongἠδικήσατεG91Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 2nd Person Plural. . .μεG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative 1st Person Singular. . .οὐδένG3762Adjective - Accusative Neuter Singular
Verse 13

Original words

-δὲG1161ConjunctionYou knowΟἴδατεG1492Verb - Perfect Indicative Active - 2nd Person PluralthatὅτιG3754Conjunctionit was because ofδι’G1223Prepositionan illnessἀσθένειανG769Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular. . .τῆςG3588Article - Genitive Feminine Singular. . .σαρκὸςG4561Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular[that] I first preached the gospelεὐηγγελισάμηνG2097Verb - Aorist Indicative Middle - 1st Person Singular. . .τὸG3588Article - Accusative Neuter Singular. . .πρότερονG4386Adjective - Accusative Neuter Singular - Comparativeto youὑμῖνG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 2nd Person Plural
Verse 14

Original words

AndκαὶG2532Conjunction[although]ἐνG1722Preposition-τῇG3588Article - Dative Feminine SingularmyμουG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Singular[illness]σαρκίG4561Noun - Dative Feminine Singular-τὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine Singular[was a] trialπειρασμὸνG3986Noun - Accusative Masculine Singularto youὑμῶνG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person PluralvvvοὐκG3756Adverbyou did not despiseἐξουθενήσατεG1848Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 2nd Person Plural[or]οὐδὲG3761Conjunctionreject [me]ἐξεπτύσατεG1609Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 2nd Person PluralInsteadἀλλὰG235Conjunctionyou welcomedἐδέξασθέG1209Verb - Aorist Indicative Middle - 2nd Person PluralmeμεG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative 1st Person Singularas if [I were]ὡςG5613Adverban angelἄγγελονG32Noun - Accusative Masculine Singularof GodΘεοῦG2316Noun - Genitive Masculine Singularas if [I were]ὡςG5613AdverbChristΧριστὸνG5547Noun - Accusative Masculine SingularJesus [Himself]ἸησοῦνG2424Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular
Verse 15

Original words

WhatποῦG4226Adverbthen [has become]οὖνG3767Conjunctionof yourὑμῶνG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person Plural-G3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingularblessingμακαρισμὸςG3108Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularForγὰρG1063ConjunctionI can testifyμαρτυρῶG3140Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular-ὑμῖνG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 2nd Person PluralthatὅτιG3754ConjunctionifεἰG1487Conjunction[it were] possibleδυνατὸνG1415Adjective - Nominative Neuter Singularyou would have torn outἐξορύξαντεςG1846Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine PluralyourὑμῶνG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person Plural-τοὺςG3588Article - Accusative Masculine PluraleyesὀφθαλμοὺςG3788Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural[and] given [them]ἐδώκατέG1325Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 2nd Person Pluralto meμοιG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 1st Person Singular
Verse 16

Original words

vvvὥστεG5620ConjunctionHave I now becomeγέγοναG1096Verb - Perfect Indicative Active - 1st Person SingularyourὑμῶνG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person PluralenemyἐχθρὸςG2190Adjective - Nominative Masculine Singular[by] telling you the truthἀληθεύωνG226Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Singular. . .ὑμῖνG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 2nd Person Plural
Verse 17

Original words

[Those people] are zealous for youΖηλοῦσινG2206Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural. . .ὑμᾶςG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative 2nd Person Plural[but] notοὐG3756Adverbin a good wayκαλῶςG2573AdverbInsteadἀλλὰG235Conjunctionthey wantθέλουσινG2309Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Pluralto isolateἐκκλεῖσαιG1576Verb - Aorist Infinitive Activeyou [from us]ὑμᾶςG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative 2nd Person Pluralso thatἵναG2443Conjunctionyou may be zealousζηλοῦτεG2206Verb - Present Subjunctive Active - 2nd Person Pluralfor themαὐτοὺςG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Plural
Verse 18

Original words

NeverthelessδὲG1161Conjunction[it is] goodκαλὸνG2570Adjective - Nominative Neuter Singularto be zealousζηλοῦσθαιG2206Verb - Present Infinitive Middle or Passiveif it servesἐνG1722Prepositiona noble [purpose]καλῷG2570Adjective - Dative Neuter Singularat any timeπάντοτεG3842AdverbandκαὶG2532ConjunctionnotμὴG3361AdverbonlyμόνονG3440AdverbwhenἐνG1722PrepositionI amμεG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative 1st Person Singular-τῷG3588Article - Dative Neuter SingularvvvπαρεῖναίG3918Verb - Present Infinitive ActivewithπρὸςG4314PrepositionyouὑμᾶςG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative 2nd Person Plural
Verse 19

Original words

MyμουG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person SingularchildrenΤέκναG5043Noun - Vocative Neuter Pluralfor whomοὓςG3739Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine PluralI am againπάλινG3825Adverbin the pains of childbirthὠδίνωG5605Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person SingularuntilμέχριςG3360Preposition-οὗG3739Personal / Relative Pronoun - Genitive Masculine SingularChristΧριστὸςG5547Noun - Nominative Masculine Singularis formedμορφωθῇG3445Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Passive - 3rd Person SingularinἐνG1722PrepositionyouὑμῖνG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 2nd Person Plural
Verse 20

Original words

[how]δὲG1161ConjunctionI wishἤθελονG2309Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 1st Person SingularI could beπαρεῖναιG3918Verb - Present Infinitive ActivewithπρὸςG4314PrepositionyouὑμᾶςG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative 2nd Person PluralnowἄρτιG737AdverbandκαὶG2532ConjunctionchangeἀλλάξαιG236Verb - Aorist Infinitive ActivemyμουG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Singular-τὴνG3588Article - Accusative Feminine SingulartoneφωνήνG5456Noun - Accusative Feminine SingularbecauseὅτιG3754ConjunctionI am perplexedἀποροῦμαιG639Verb - Present Indicative Middle - 1st Person SingularaboutἐνG1722PrepositionyouὑμῖνG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 2nd Person Plural

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.