Focused Passage

Luke 20:9-19

The Rejected Son, the Questioned Authority, and the Lord Who Silences His Opponents

Jesus answers the leaders’ challenge to his authority, exposes their rejection of God’s beloved Son through the tenant parable, silences attempts to trap him politically and theologically, reveals the Messiah as David’s Lord, and warns against religious teachers who use piety for status and exploitation.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

9Then He proceeded to tell the people this parable: “A man planted a vineyard, rented it out to some tenants, and went away for a long time.

10At harvest time, he sent a servant to the tenants to collect his share of the fruit of the vineyard. But the tenants beat the servant and sent him away empty-handed.

11So he sent another servant, but they beat him and treated him shamefully, sending him away empty-handed.

12Then he sent a third, but they wounded him and threw him out.

13‘What shall I do?’ asked the owner of the vineyard. ‘I will send my beloved son. Perhaps they will respect him.’

14But when the tenants saw the son, they discussed it among themselves and said, ‘This is the heir. Let us kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’

15So they threw him out of the vineyard and killed him. What then will the owner of the vineyard do to them?

16He will come and kill those tenants and give the vineyard to others.” And when the people heard this, they said, “May such a thing never happen!”

17But Jesus looked directly at them and said, “Then what is the meaning of that which is written: ‘The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone’?

18Everyone who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces, but he on whom it falls will be crushed.”

19When the scribes and chief priests realized that Jesus had spoken this parable against them, they sought to arrest Him that very hour. But they were afraid of the people.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 9

Original words

ThenδὲG1161ConjunctionHe proceededἬρξατοG756Verb - Aorist Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Singularto tellλέγεινG3004Verb - Present Infinitive Active-πρὸςG4314PrepositiontheτὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularpeopleλαὸνG2992Noun - Accusative Masculine SingularthisταύτηνG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Feminine Singular-τὴνG3588Article - Accusative Feminine SingularparableπαραβολὴνG3850Noun - Accusative Feminine SingularAτιςG5100Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Nominative Masculine SingularmanἌνθρωποςG444Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularplantedἐφύτευσενG5452Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singulara vineyardἀμπελῶναG290Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular-καὶG2532ConjunctionrentedἐξέδετοG1554Verb - Aorist Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Singularit {out}αὐτὸνG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Singularto [some] tenantsγεωργοῖςG1092Noun - Dative Masculine PluralandκαὶG2532Conjunctionwent awayἀπεδήμησενG589Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singularfor a longἱκανούςG2425Adjective - Accusative Masculine PluraltimeχρόνουςG5550Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural
Verse 10

Original words

-καὶG2532ConjunctionAt harvest timeκαιρῷG2540Noun - Dative Masculine Singularhe sentἀπέστειλενG649Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singulara servantδοῦλονG1401Noun - Accusative Masculine SingulartoπρὸςG4314PrepositiontheτοὺςG3588Article - Accusative Masculine PluraltenantsγεωργοὺςG1092Noun - Accusative Masculine PluraltoἵναG2443ConjunctioncollectδώσουσινG1325Verb - Future Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural. . .αὐτῷG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Singular[his share]ἀπὸG575Prepositionof theτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularfruitκαρποῦG2590Noun - Genitive Masculine Singularof theτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularvineyardἀμπελῶνοςG290Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularButδὲG1161ConjunctiontheοἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine PluraltenantsγεωργοὶG1092Noun - Nominative Masculine Pluralbeat [the servant]δείραντεςG1194Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural[and] sent him awayἐξαπέστειλανG1821Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural. . .αὐτὸνG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Singularempty-handedκενόνG2756Adjective - Accusative Masculine Singular
Verse 11

Original words

[So]ΚαὶG2532ConjunctionvvvπροσέθετοG4369Verb - Aorist Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Singularhe sentπέμψαιG3992Verb - Aorist Infinitive ActiveanotherἕτερονG2087Adjective - Accusative Masculine SingularservantδοῦλονG1401Noun - Accusative Masculine SingularbutδὲG1161Conjunction-οἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine Pluralthey beat [him]δείραντεςG1194Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine PluralandκαὶG2532Conjunctiontreated him shamefullyἀτιμάσαντεςG818Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural. . .κἀκεῖνονG2548Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Singularsending [him] awayἐξαπέστειλανG1821Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Pluralempty-handedκενόνG2756Adjective - Accusative Masculine Singular
Verse 12

Original words

ThenΚαὶG2532ConjunctionvvvπροσέθετοG4369Verb - Aorist Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Singularhe sentπέμψαιG3992Verb - Aorist Infinitive Activea thirdτρίτονG5154AdverbbutδὲG1161Conjunction. . .καὶG2532Conjunction-οἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine Pluralthey woundedτραυματίσαντεςG5135Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine PluralhimτοῦτονG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Singular[and] threw [him] outἐξέβαλονG1544Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural
Verse 13

Original words

WhatΤίG5101Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singularshall I doποιήσωG4160Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 1st Person Singular-δὲG1161ConjunctionaskedΕἶπενG2036Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingulartheG3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingularownerκύριοςG2962Noun - Nominative Masculine Singularof theτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularvineyardἀμπελῶνοςG290Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularI will sendπέμψωG3992Verb - Future Indicative Active - 1st Person SingularmyμουG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Singular-τὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularbelovedἀγαπητόνG27Adjective - Accusative Masculine Singular-τὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularsonυἱόνG5207Noun - Accusative Masculine SingularPerhapsἴσωςG2481Adverbthey will respectἐντραπήσονταιG1788Verb - Future Indicative Passive - 3rd Person PluralhimτοῦτονG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Singular
Verse 14

Original words

But whenδὲG1161ConjunctiontheοἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine PluraltenantsγεωργοὶG1092Noun - Nominative Masculine PluralsawἸδόντεςG3708Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural[the son]αὐτὸνG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Singularthey discussed itδιελογίζοντοG1260Verb - Imperfect Indicative Middle or Passive - 3rd Person PluralamongπρὸςG4314PrepositionthemselvesἀλλήλουςG240Personal / Reciprocal Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Plural[and] saidλέγοντεςG3004Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine PluralThisΟὗτόςG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine SingularisἐστινG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingulartheG3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingularheirκληρονόμοςG2818Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularLet us killἀποκτείνωμενG615Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 1st Person PluralhimαὐτόνG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Singular[and]ἵναG2443ConjunctiontheG3588Article - Nominative Feminine SingularinheritanceκληρονομίαG2817Noun - Nominative Feminine Singularwill beγένηταιG1096Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Middle - 3rd Person SingularoursἡμῶνG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Plural
Verse 15

Original words

SoκαὶG2532Conjunctionthey threwἐκβαλόντεςG1544Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine PluralhimαὐτὸνG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Singularout ofἔξωG1854PrepositiontheτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularvineyardἀμπελῶνοςG290Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular[and] killed [him]ἀπέκτεινανG615Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person PluralWhatΤίG5101Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Accusative Neuter SingularthenοὖνG3767Conjunction{will} theG3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingularownerκύριοςG2962Noun - Nominative Masculine Singularof theτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularvineyardἀμπελῶνοςG290Noun - Genitive Masculine SingulardoποιήσειG4160Verb - Future Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singularto themαὐτοῖςG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Plural
Verse 16

Original words

He will comeἐλεύσεταιG2064Verb - Future Indicative Middle - 3rd Person SingularandκαὶG2532ConjunctionkillἀπολέσειG622Verb - Future Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularthoseτούτουςG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Plural-τοὺςG3588Article - Accusative Masculine PluraltenantsγεωργοὺςG1092Noun - Accusative Masculine PluralandκαὶG2532ConjunctiongiveδώσειG1325Verb - Future Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingulartheτὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularvineyardἀμπελῶναG290Noun - Accusative Masculine Singularto othersἄλλοιςG243Adjective - Dative Masculine PluralAndδὲG1161Conjunction[when the people] heard [this]ἈκούσαντεςG191Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Pluralthey saidεἶπανG2036Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person PluralvvvΜὴG3361AdverbMay such a thing never happenγένοιτοG1096Verb - Aorist Optative Middle - 3rd Person Singular
Verse 17

Original words

ButδὲG1161Conjunction-G3588Article - Nominative Masculine Singular[Jesus] looked directly atἐμβλέψαςG1689Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine SingularthemαὐτοῖςG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Plural[and] saidεἶπενG2036Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularThenοὖνG3767ConjunctionwhatΤίG5101Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Nominative Neuter SingularisἐστινG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singularthe meaning ofτοῦτοG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Neuter Singularthat whichτὸG3588Article - Nominative Neuter Singularis writtenγεγραμμένονG1125Verb - Perfect Participle Middle or Passive - Nominative Neuter Singular[The] stoneΛίθονG3037Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular-ὃνG3739Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine SingulartheοἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine PluralbuildersοἰκοδομοῦντεςG3618Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine PluralrejectedἀπεδοκίμασανG593Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural-ΟὗτοςG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Singularhas becomeἐγενήθηG1096Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Singular. . .εἰςG1519Preposition[the] cornerstoneκεφαλὴνG2776Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular. . .γωνίαςG1137Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular

BSB notes

  • Psalm 118:22
Verse 18

Original words

EveryoneΠᾶςG3956Adjective - Nominative Masculine Singular-G3588Article - Nominative Masculine Singularwho fallsπεσὼνG4098Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Singularonἐπ’G1909PrepositionthisἐκεῖνονG1565Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Singular-τὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularstoneλίθονG3037Noun - Accusative Masculine Singularwill be broken to piecesσυνθλασθήσεταιG4917Verb - Future Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Singularbutδ’G1161Conjunctionvvvἐφ’G1909Prepositionhe on whomὃνG3739Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Singular. . .ἂνG302Particleit fallsπέσῃG4098Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 3rd Person Singularwill be crushedλικμήσειG3039Verb - Future Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular. . .αὐτόνG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Singular
Verse 19

Original words

[When]ΚαὶG2532ConjunctiontheοἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine PluralscribesγραμματεῖςG1122Noun - Nominative Masculine PluralandκαὶG2532Conjunction-οἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine Pluralchief priestsἀρχιερεῖςG749Noun - Nominative Masculine Plural-γὰρG1063ConjunctionrealizedἔγνωσανG1097Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person PluralthatὅτιG3754Conjunction[Jesus] had spokenεἶπενG2036Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularthisταύτηνG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Feminine Singular-τὴνG3588Article - Accusative Feminine SingularparableπαραβολὴνG3850Noun - Accusative Feminine SingularagainstπρὸςG4314PrepositionthemαὐτοὺςG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Pluralthey soughtἐζήτησανG2212Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Pluralto arrestἐπιβαλεῖνG1911Verb - Aorist Infinitive Active. . .τὰςG3588Article - Accusative Feminine Plural. . .χεῖραςG5495Noun - Accusative Feminine Plural. . .ἐπ’G1909PrepositionHimαὐτὸνG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person SingularvvvἐνG1722Prepositionthat veryαὐτῇG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Feminine 3rd Person Singular-τῇG3588Article - Dative Feminine SingularhourὥρᾳG5610Noun - Dative Feminine SingularButκαὶG2532Conjunctionthey were afraidἐφοβήθησανG5399Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Pluralof theτὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularpeopleλαόνG2992Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.