Moses, mediating Yahweh's covenant instruction to Israel within the Torah.
Holiness, Judgment, and the Lord Who Sanctifies His People
The Lord who sanctifies His people requires Israel to reject idolatry, occultism, sexual defilement, and national imitation, preserving holiness as His separated possession in the land.
Reading a chapter
What this page is: Each chapter page shows the big idea, the argument flow, key original-language terms, doctrine connections, and passage units, all in one place.
How to use it: Start with the Overview tab to get the chapter's main point. Then move to Passages to study individual units, or Language to trace key terms.
Going deeper: The Doctrines and Motifs tabs show how this chapter connects to the broader biblical story.
The Lord who sanctifies His people requires Israel to reject idolatry, occultism, sexual defilement, and national imitation, preserving holiness as His separated possession in the land.
Leviticus 20 teaches that holiness is not merely aspirational but covenantally accountable. The Lord sanctifies Israel, and therefore Israel must consecrate themselves, keep His decrees, and refuse the practices that defiled the nations. The chapter shows that Molek worship, occultism, parent-cursing, adultery, incest, same-sex intercourse, bestiality, and impurity violations are not private choices.
They defile sanctuary, family, land, and community. Israel must not hide its eyes from severe sin. The Lord Himself will judge when the community tolerates defilement. The chapter concludes by rooting Israel's separation in God's holy character and His claim upon them as His own.
The whole covenant community of Israel, including native-born Israelites and foreigners residing among them, with special relevance for judges, elders, families, priests, and those responsible to preserve covenant holiness in the land.
Leviticus 20 follows Leviticus 18 and 19. Leviticus 18 listed sexual and cultic defilements, warning that the land vomits out nations polluted by such practices. Leviticus 19 broadened holiness into all of life. Leviticus 20 now returns to many of the same sins from Leviticus 18, attaching covenant penalties and repeatedly grounding obedience in the Lord who sanctifies Israel.
The Lord who sanctifies His people requires Israel to reject idolatry, occultism, sexual defilement, and national imitation, preserving holiness as His separated possession in the land.
Moses, mediating Yahweh's covenant instruction to Israel within the Torah.
The whole covenant community of Israel, including native-born Israelites and foreigners residing among them, with special relevance for judges, elders, families, priests, and those responsible to preserve covenant holiness in the land.
Leviticus 20 follows Leviticus 18 and 19. Leviticus 18 listed sexual and cultic defilements, warning that the land vomits out nations polluted by such practices. Leviticus 19 broadened holiness into all of life. Leviticus 20 now returns to many of the same sins from Leviticus 18, attaching covenant penalties and repeatedly grounding obedience in the Lord who sanctifies Israel.
- Israel is surrounded by nations that practice idolatry, occultism, child sacrifice, sexual immorality, and boundary-breaking conduct. The community must not merely disagree with such practices privately · it must guard itself from tolerating them. The chapter addresses the danger of looking the other way, especially with Molek worship and occult practices.
Ancient Near Eastern religion often involved fertility cults, child sacrifice, divination, necromancy, household cults, and sexual practices tied to kinship power, pagan worship, and social disorder. Leviticus 20 rejects these practices as covenant-breaking defilements. The penalties reflect Israel's unique theocratic covenant life in the land under the direct kingship of the Lord.
Leviticus 20 stands in the Holiness Code and presses the seriousness of holiness after the Lord has provided atonement, sacrifice, and covenant instruction. Israel is redeemed from Egypt and set apart from the nations. The holy Lord who saves also sanctifies, commands, judges, and preserves His people from defilement.
The chapter begins with penalties for Molek worship and warnings against tolerating child sacrifice, then forbids turning to mediums and spiritists. It calls Israel to consecrate themselves because the Lord sanctifies them. It then gives penalties for cursing parents and for multiple sexual sins, including adultery, incest, same-sex intercourse, and bestiality. The chapter closes by commanding Israel to distinguish clean and unclean, reject the nations' practices, and live as the Lord's separated possession.
Theological exposition and fulfillment
Leviticus 20 clarifies the gospel by showing the judgment that sin deserves and the holiness God requires. Idolatry, occultism, parent-cursing, sexual immorality, and defilement are not small matters. Yet the chapter also reveals a crucial truth: the Lord makes His people holy. The gospel announces that Christ bears the curse and judgment of sinners, cleanses them by His blood, and sanctifies them by His Spirit so they may live as God's possession.
Molek worship is punished severely, and communal tolerance of it brings the Lord's direct judgment.
Turning to mediums and spiritists is spiritual prostitution and brings cutting off.
Israel must consecrate themselves, be holy, and keep the Lord's decrees because He sanctifies them.
Cursing father or mother violates family holiness and brings death.
The chapter gives penalties for adultery, incest, same-sex intercourse, bestiality, menstrual impurity violation, and other forbidden relations.
Israel must not imitate the nations or the land will vomit them out.
Israel must distinguish between clean and unclean creatures.
Israel must be holy because the Lord has set them apart to be His own.
Mediums and spiritists are condemned with death by stoning.
- 20:1-5: Child sacrifice to Molek is covenant treachery that defiles the sanctuary and profanes the Lord's name · ignoring it makes the community complicit.
- 20:6: Turning to mediums and spiritists is a rival form of guidance and worship that brings cutting off.
- 20:7-8: Israel must consecrate themselves and keep the Lord's decrees because He is the one who makes them holy.
- 20:9-21: The chapter attaches penalties to cursing parents and to sexual sins that violate marriage, kinship, creation order, purity, and covenant boundaries.
- 20:22-24: Israel must not imitate the nations' customs or the land will vomit them out as it did the peoples before them.
- 20:25: Israel's holiness includes discernment between clean and unclean creatures.
- 20:26: Israel must be holy because the holy Lord has set them apart from the nations to be His own.
- 20:27: Occult practitioners are condemned because they draw the community away from the Lord.
Theological Argument
Leviticus 20 teaches that holiness is not merely aspirational but covenantally accountable. The Lord sanctifies Israel, and therefore Israel must consecrate themselves, keep His decrees, and refuse the practices that defiled the nations. The chapter shows that Molek worship, occultism, parent-cursing, adultery, incest, same-sex intercourse, bestiality, and impurity violations are not private choices.
They defile sanctuary, family, land, and community. Israel must not hide its eyes from severe sin. The Lord Himself will judge when the community tolerates defilement. The chapter concludes by rooting Israel's separation in God's holy character and His claim upon them as His own.
From cultic apostasy to occult apostasy, from the holiness center to family and sexual penalties, from covenant accountability to land inheritance, and from clean/unclean discernment to Israel's identity as the LORD's separated people.
- 1.The LORD addresses Moses with commands for Israel and the foreigners living among them.
- 2.Giving children to Molek is a capital offense because it defiles the sanctuary and profanes the LORD's name.
- 3.The community must not close its eyes to Molek worship; tolerated evil becomes communal guilt.
- 4.If the community refuses judgment, the LORD Himself sets His face against the offender, his family, and those following the sin.
- 5.Turning to mediums and spiritists is described as prostitution because it seeks forbidden spiritual powers instead of the LORD.
- 6.The central command is consecration: Israel must be holy because the LORD is their God.
- 7.Israel's obedience rests on divine sanctification: the LORD makes them holy.
- 8.Cursing father or mother violates covenant family order and brings death.
- 9.Adultery violates marriage and neighbor loyalty.
- 10.Sexual relations with a father's wife or daughter-in-law uncover forbidden nakedness and corrupt household structure.
- 11.Male same-sex intercourse is called detestable and violates the LORD's sexual order.
- 12.Sexual relations involving a woman and her mother are called wickedness and must be purged from Israel.
- 13.Bestiality violates creaturely boundaries and brings defilement.
- 14.Sexual relations with a sister produce public disgrace and cutting off.
- 15.Sex during menstrual impurity violates blood and purity boundaries.
- 16.Relations with an aunt, uncle's wife, or brother's wife violate kinship boundaries and bring guilt or childlessness.
- 17.Israel must keep all the LORD's laws so the land does not vomit them out.
- 18.The nations are being driven out because their practices are detestable to the LORD.
- 19.Israel's land inheritance is connected to separation from the nations' customs.
- 20.Clean and unclean distinctions remain part of Israel's holy discernment.
- 21.The chapter ends with Israel's identity: the LORD has set them apart from the nations to be His own.
Theological Focus
- Holiness
- Consecration
- The Lord who sanctifies
- Molek
- Child sacrifice
- Sanctuary defilement
- Profaning the Lord's name
- Communal accountability
- Mediums and spiritists
- Spiritual prostitution
- Parent honor
- Sexual holiness
- Adultery
- Incest
- Same-sex intercourse
- Bestiality
- Menstrual impurity
- Land vomiting out inhabitants
- Separation from nations
- Clean and unclean
- Israel as the Lord's possession
- The Lord Sanctifies His People
- Holiness Requires Community Accountability
- Child Sacrifice Profanes the Lord's Name
- Occultism Is Rival Worship
- Sexual Sin Defiles Household, Body, and Land
- The Land Is Morally Responsive Under the Lord
- Separation From the Nations Is Positive Belonging to the Lord
- Clean and Unclean Discernment Trains Holiness
- Sanctification
- Idolatry
- Child Sacrifice
- Occultism
- Family Honor
- Sexual Holiness
- Creation Order
- Land Defilement
- Covenant Community Accountability
- Christ the Judgment-Bearer
- New Covenant Holiness
Theological Themes
Israel's call to holiness rests on the Lord's sanctifying claim: He makes them holy and therefore commands them to live as holy.
The people must not close their eyes to Molek worship. Covenant holiness requires refusing complicity with defilement.
Giving children to Molek is not merely social evil; it defiles the sanctuary and profanes the Lord's holy name.
Turning to mediums and spiritists is spiritual prostitution because it seeks guidance and power apart from the Lord.
The chapter treats sexual violations as covenantal defilements with consequences for family, community, and land.
The land vomits out peoples who persist in defilement, showing that moral rebellion has covenant-land consequences.
Israel is not separated for superiority but for possession: the Lord set them apart to be His own.
Distinguishing clean from unclean creatures is part of Israel's larger formation as a holy people.
Covenant Significance
Leviticus 20 presses covenant holiness into judicial and communal accountability. Israel's calling is not merely to know the Lord's boundaries but to guard them. The chapter reinforces that life in the promised land depends upon separation from the practices that defiled the nations. The Lord's sanctifying grace does not remove judgment; it establishes the obligation to live as His holy possession.
- Molek worship brings death and cutting off.
- The community must not ignore child sacrifice.
- The Lord will set His face against offenders and those who follow them.
- Mediums and spiritists are forbidden as spiritual prostitution.
- Israel must consecrate themselves and be holy.
- The Lord identifies Himself as the one who sanctifies Israel.
- Cursing parents violates covenant family order.
- Sexual sins receive covenant penalties.
- Land inheritance is conditional upon obedience to the Lord's decrees.
- The nations are driven out because of detestable practices.
- Israel must distinguish clean and unclean.
- Israel is set apart from the nations to belong to the Lord.
- Leviticus 18 lists many of the sexual sins that Leviticus 20 revisits with penalties.
- Leviticus 19 gives the broad holiness summons that Leviticus 20 enforces with accountability.
- Deuteronomy 18 forbids occult practices, divination, and necromancy.
- 2 Kings 21 and 23 show Molek-related child sacrifice as a severe sign of Judah's corruption and later reform.
- Jeremiah 7 and 19 condemn child sacrifice as something the Lord did not command or desire.
- Ezekiel 20 and 23 indict Israel's idolatry and child sacrifice as covenant treachery.
- Genesis 2 establishes male-female marriage and created sexual order.
- Genesis 19 and Judges 19 display severe sexual disorder and social collapse.
- Deuteronomy 27 pronounces curses on several secret sexual sins.
Canonical Connections
Leviticus 20 revisits many Leviticus 18 prohibitions and attaches covenant penalties.
Leviticus 19's command to be holy continues in Leviticus 20's call to consecration and separation.
Later historical and prophetic texts condemn child sacrifice as a major sign of covenant apostasy.
Deuteronomy and later narratives reinforce the ban against mediums, spiritists, divination, and necromancy.
The command to honor parents in the Decalogue stands behind the penalty for cursing parents.
The New Testament reaffirms sexual holiness while applying church discipline and gospel restoration under Christ.
The land-warning anticipates later exile theology when Israel does imitate the nations.
Israel's set-apart identity is developed across Torah and applied to the church in Christ.
Leviticus 20 recalls the clean/unclean animal distinctions from Leviticus 11.
Cross References
Leviticus 20 clarifies the gospel by showing the judgment that sin deserves and the holiness God requires. Idolatry, occultism, parent-cursing, sexual immorality, and defilement are not small matters. Yet the chapter also reveals a crucial truth: the Lord makes His people holy. The gospel announces that Christ bears the curse and judgment of sinners, cleanses them by His blood, and sanctifies them by His Spirit so they may live as God's possession.
- Sin deserves judgment before the holy Lord.
- Idolatry and occultism are spiritual prostitution against God.
- Sexual sin defiles individuals, households, community, and land.
- The community must not tolerate destructive evil.
- The Lord Himself sanctifies His people.
- Human consecration responds to divine sanctification.
- Christ bears the curse for His people.
- Christ cleanses defiled sinners by His blood.
- Christ forms a holy people by the Spirit.
- New Covenant discipline preserves holiness and seeks repentance, not vengeance.
- Believers are set apart not because they are superior, but because they belong to God in Christ.
- Do not preach this chapter as if sinners can sanctify themselves apart from grace.
- Do not soften the seriousness of the sins named in the chapter.
- Do not apply Israel's civil penalties directly to the church.
- Do not use the chapter to cultivate contempt toward sinners.
- Do not preach grace as permission to tolerate defilement.
- Do not separate Christ's forgiveness from Christ's sanctifying lordship.
- Do not treat discipline as punishment for reputation management · biblical discipline seeks holiness, repentance, protection, and restoration.
- Do not detach the call to be holy from the Lord who makes His people holy.
Primary Emphasis
Leviticus 20 prepares for Christ by showing that God's holiness includes judgment against idolatry, exploitation, occultism, and sexual defilement. Christ does not abolish God's holiness but fulfills righteousness, bears judgment for His people, cleanses defiled sinners, and creates a holy people who belong to God. The chapter's repeated emphasis on the Lord who sanctifies anticipates the New Covenant reality that believers are sanctified in Christ and by the Spirit.
Chapter Contribution
Leviticus 20 teaches that holiness is not merely aspirational but covenantally accountable. The Lord sanctifies Israel, and therefore Israel must consecrate themselves, keep His decrees, and refuse the practices that defiled the nations. The chapter shows that Molek worship, occultism, parent-cursing, adultery, incest, same-sex intercourse, bestiality, and impurity violations are not private choices.
They defile sanctuary, family, land, and community. Israel must not hide its eyes from severe sin. The Lord Himself will judge when the community tolerates defilement. The chapter concludes by rooting Israel's separation in God's holy character and His claim upon them as His own.
God establishes and upholds authority within the family.
The community shares responsibility for upholding holiness.
Faithfulness to God excludes all competing spiritual allegiances.
God’s people belong to Him and must live accordingly.
Obedience to God’s commands is required for covenant blessing.
Family boundaries are part of God’s covenantal design for community stability.
God established boundaries for human relationships and sexuality.
God alone is the source of true revelation and guidance.
God enforces consequences that reflect the seriousness of moral violations.
God calls His people to reflect His distinct and pure character.
God’s holiness demands purity in moral conduct.
Individuals are accountable for their actions before God.
Serious violations of covenant order incur serious consequences.
God is the one who sets His people apart for Himself.
Human life is sacred and must not be sacrificed to idols.
God sets His people apart from others for Himself.
Violations of God’s design bring both immediate and ongoing consequences.
Sexual immorality corrupts individuals and the community.
The chapter calls Israel to consecration and separation because the Lord is holy and sanctifies His people.
The Lord identifies Himself as the one who makes Israel holy.
Molek worship is condemned as sanctuary-defiling, name-profane covenant treachery.
Giving children to Molek is a capital offense and a severe profaning of the Lord's name.
Mediums and spiritists are forbidden as spiritual prostitution and rival guidance.
Cursing father or mother brings judgment, showing the holiness of family order.
The chapter attaches penalties to adultery, incest, same-sex intercourse, bestiality, and other sexual defilements.
The prohibitions against same-sex intercourse and bestiality guard God-given sexual and creaturely boundaries.
The land may vomit out Israel if they imitate the nations' defiling practices.
The community must not close its eyes to serious sin but must guard holiness.
The law's penalties reveal the seriousness of sin and prepare for Christ bearing judgment for His people.
Christ sanctifies a people who pursue holiness by the Spirit under the New Covenant.
Theological exposition and fulfillment
- Leviticus 20 clarifies the gospel by showing the judgment that sin deserves and the holiness God requires. Idolatry, occultism, parent-cursing, sexual immorality, and defilement are not small matters. Yet the chapter also reveals a crucial truth: the Lord makes His people holy. The gospel announces that Christ bears the curse and judgment of sinners, cleanses them by His blood, and sanctifies them by His Spirit so they may live as God's possession.
Sense Molek
Definition Molek
References 20:2-5
Why it matters False deity associated with child sacrifice, sanctuary defilement, and profaning the Lord's name.
Cross-language bridge 1 link · View in lexicon
Sense seed, offspring
Definition seed, offspring
References 20:2-4
Why it matters Children or offspring are forbidden from being given to Molek.
Sense to give, set, place
Definition to give, set, place
References 20:2-4
Why it matters Used for giving offspring to Molek and for the Lord setting His face against offenders.
Sense people
Definition people
References 20:2-3, 20:5-6, 20:17-18, 20:24, 20:26
Why it matters The covenant people must guard holiness and may be cut off or set apart by the Lord.
Sense to stone
Definition to stone
References 20:2, 20:27
Why it matters Stoning is the prescribed penalty for Molek worship and occult practitioners.
Sense stone
Definition stone
References 20:2, 20:27
Why it matters Stones are used in the execution penalties for certain severe offenses.
Sense face, presence
Definition face, presence
References 20:3, 20:5-6
Why it matters The Lord sets His face against those who commit grave covenant treachery.
Sense to cut off
Definition to cut off
References 20:3, 20:5-6, 20:17-18
Why it matters Cutting off is the severe covenant consequence for certain defiling sins.
Sense to defile, make unclean
Definition to defile, make unclean
References 20:3, 20:25
Why it matters Molek worship defiles the sanctuary, and unclean creatures must not defile Israel.
Sense sanctuary
Definition sanctuary
References 20:3
Why it matters Child sacrifice to Molek defiles the Lord's sanctuary.
Sense to profane
Definition to profane
References 20:3
Why it matters Molek worship profanes the Lord's holy name.
Sense name
Definition name
References 20:3
Why it matters The Lord's name is profaned by child sacrifice.
Sense eye
Definition eye
References 20:4
Why it matters The people must not close their eyes to Molek worship.
Cross-language bridge 1 link · View in lexicon
Sense to hide, conceal
Definition to hide, conceal
References 20:4
Why it matters Concealing or ignoring grave sin is condemned.
Sense family, clan
Definition family, clan
References 20:5
Why it matters The Lord sets His face against the offender and His family when Molek apostasy spreads.
Sense after, following
Definition after, following
References 20:5-6, 20:23
Why it matters Following Molek, occult practitioners, or the nations' customs is forbidden.
Sense to prostitute oneself, be unfaithful
Definition to prostitute oneself, be unfaithful
References 20:5-6
Why it matters Idolatry and occult dependence are described as spiritual prostitution.
Sense medium, ghost-spirit practitioner
Definition medium, ghost-spirit practitioner
References 20:6, 20:27
Why it matters Mediums are forbidden and condemned.
Sense spiritist, familiar-spirit practitioner
Definition spiritist, familiar-spirit practitioner
References 20:6, 20:27
Why it matters Spiritists are forbidden and condemned as rival spiritual authorities.
Sense to consecrate, sanctify, make holy
Definition to consecrate, sanctify, make holy
References 20:7-8
Why it matters Israel must consecrate themselves, and the Lord is the one who makes them holy.
Sense holy
Definition holy
References 20:7, 20:26
Why it matters Israel must be holy because the Lord is holy and has set them apart.
Sense to keep, guard, observe
Definition to keep, guard, observe
References 20:8, 20:22
Why it matters Israel must keep the Lord's decrees and laws.
Sense statute, decree
Definition statute, decree
References 20:8, 20:22-23
Why it matters The Lord's decrees are to govern Israel rather than the nations' customs.
Sense to curse, treat lightly
Definition to curse, treat lightly
References 20:9
Why it matters Cursing father or mother brings death.
Sense father
Definition father
References 20:9, 20:11, 20:17
Why it matters The father is protected by honor commands and kinship sexual boundaries.
Sense mother
Definition mother
References 20:9, 20:14, 20:17, 20:19
Why it matters The mother is protected by honor commands and kinship sexual boundaries.
Sense blood
Definition blood
References 20:9, 20:11-13, 20:16, 20:27
Why it matters The formula 'His/their blood is on their own head' identifies responsibility for judgment.
Cross-language bridge 1 link · View in lexicon
Sense to commit adultery
Definition to commit adultery
References 20:10
Why it matters Adultery with a neighbor's wife brings death for both parties.
Sense woman, wife
Definition woman, wife
References 20:10-14, 20:16-17, 20:20-21, 20:27
Why it matters The chapter regulates forbidden sexual relations involving wives, women, kin, and occult practitioners.
Sense neighbor, companion
Definition neighbor, companion
References 20:10
Why it matters Adultery with a neighbor's wife violates neighborly covenant order.
Sense to lie down, have sexual relations
Definition to lie down, have sexual relations
References 20:11-13, 20:18, 20:20
Why it matters The verb describes forbidden sexual relations in the chapter.
Sense to uncover, reveal
Definition to uncover, reveal
References 20:11, 20:17-21
Why it matters Uncovering nakedness describes forbidden sexual violation.
Sense nakedness
Definition nakedness
References 20:11, 20:17-21
Why it matters Nakedness language marks forbidden sexual relations and kinship violation.
Sense daughter-in-law
Definition daughter-in-law
References 20:12
Why it matters Sexual relations with a daughter-in-law violate family order and bring death.
Sense perversion, confusion
Definition perversion, confusion
References 20:12
Why it matters Sexual relations with a daughter-in-law are called perversion.
Sense male
Definition male
References 20:13
Why it matters Male same-sex intercourse is prohibited and called detestable.
Sense lying, bed, sexual lying
Definition lying, bed, sexual lying
References 20:13
Why it matters Used in the phrase describing male same-sex intercourse as lying with a male as with a woman.
Sense abomination, detestable thing
Definition abomination, detestable thing
References 20:13
Why it matters Male same-sex intercourse is described as detestable.
Sense wickedness, depravity
Definition wickedness, depravity
References 20:14
Why it matters Taking a woman and her mother is called wickedness.
Sense to burn
Definition to burn
References 20:14
Why it matters Burning is prescribed to remove the wickedness of taking a woman and her mother.
Sense animal, beast
Definition animal, beast
References 20:15-16, 20:25
Why it matters Bestiality is condemned, and animals are also part of clean/unclean distinction.
Sense to kill
Definition to kill
References 20:15-16
Why it matters Animals involved in bestiality are to be killed with the human offender.
Sense sister
Definition sister
References 20:17, 20:19
Why it matters Sexual relations with a sister or aunt violate kinship boundaries.
Sense disgrace, shameful thing in this context
Definition disgrace, shameful thing in this context
References 20:17
Why it matters In this context, the term marks the disgrace of incest with a sister.
Cross-language bridge 2 links · View in lexicon
Sense menstrual impurity, separation
Definition menstrual impurity, separation
References 20:18
Why it matters Sexual relations during menstrual impurity bring cutting off.
Sense source, fountain
Definition source, fountain
References 20:18
Why it matters The woman's flow is described as a source, emphasizing exposure of blood impurity.
Sense sickness, menstrual flow
Definition sickness, menstrual flow
References 20:18
Why it matters Used in relation to menstrual impurity.
Sense iniquity, guilt
Definition iniquity, guilt
References 20:17, 20:19-20
Why it matters Forbidden sexual relations bring guilt that must be borne.
Sense childless
Definition childless
References 20:20-21
Why it matters Certain forbidden relations result in childlessness.
Sense land, earth
Definition land, earth
References 20:22, 20:24
Why it matters The land is Israel's inheritance but may vomit them out if they imitate the nations.
Sense to vomit, spew out
Definition to vomit, spew out
References 20:22
Why it matters The land can vomit out Israel if they defile it.
Sense statute, custom
Definition statute, custom
References 20:23
Why it matters Israel must not walk in the statutes or customs of the nations.
Sense nation
Definition nation
References 20:23
Why it matters The nations before Israel are judged for defiling practices.
Sense to detest, loathe
Definition to detest, loathe
References 20:23
Why it matters The Lord detested the nations because of their practices.
Sense to possess, inherit
Definition to possess, inherit
References 20:24
Why it matters Israel is given the land to possess as inheritance.
Sense to flow
Definition to flow
References 20:24
Why it matters The land is described as flowing with milk and honey.
Sense milk
Definition milk
References 20:24
Why it matters Milk is part of the promised land's abundance description.
Sense honey
Definition honey
References 20:24
Why it matters Honey is part of the promised land's abundance description.
Sense to separate, distinguish
Definition to separate, distinguish
References 20:24-26
Why it matters The Lord separates Israel from the peoples and commands them to distinguish clean and unclean.
Sense clean
Definition clean
References 20:25
Why it matters Israel must distinguish clean animals and birds from unclean.
Sense unclean
Definition unclean
References 20:25
Why it matters Unclean creatures must not defile Israel.
Cross-language bridge 2 links · View in lexicon
Sense bird, flying creature
Definition bird, flying creature
References 20:25
Why it matters Birds are included in clean/unclean distinction.
Sense swarming thing
Definition swarming thing
References 20:25
Why it matters Swarming things are included in clean/unclean distinction.
Sense person, life, self
Definition person, life, self
References 20:6
Why it matters The person who turns to mediums and spiritists is cut off.
Cross-language bridge 1 link · View in lexicon
Lexicon data: MorphGNT Strong's Dictionary XML (CC0) · Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (CC BY 4.0) · Open Scriptures Hebrew Lexicon (CC BY 4.0) · STEPBible Data (CC BY 4.0) · Full details
C.F. Keil & F. Delitzsch, Commentary on the Old Testament (1861–91) — public domain
The Lord sanctifies His people and therefore commands them to reject idolatry, occultism, sexual defilement, and national imitation as His holy possession.
God's people must understand that holiness involves accountability, that tolerated evil corrupts the community, and that Christ both bears judgment and makes His people holy.
Reverent holiness, moral courage, protective love, sexual integrity, discernment, repentance, and confidence in the sanctifying work of God.
- Do not close Your eyes to serious sin.
- Protect children and the vulnerable with decisive faithfulness.
- Reject every rival spiritual authority.
- Consecrate Yourself in response to the Lord who sanctifies.
- Honor family order.
- Flee sexual immorality.
- Practice church discipline with truth, grief, and restoration aims.
- Refuse to imitate the nations' practices.
- Live as one who belongs to the Lord.
- Look to Christ for cleansing, judgment-bearing mercy, and Spirit-wrought holiness.
- The chapter is one of Leviticus' strongest warning texts. It warns against Molek worship, occultism, sexual defilement, community complicity, and national imitation. Repeated penalties, cutting off, divine opposition, and land expulsion show that holiness violations bring severe covenant judgment.
- Leviticus 20 is only a harsh legal code with no theological center. - The theological center is the Lord who sanctifies His people. The penalties serve the larger call to holiness, separation, and covenant faithfulness.
- The chapter's penalties transfer directly to the church today. - These penalties belong to Israel's Old Covenant theocratic administration. The church applies the moral seriousness through repentance, discipline, restoration, and holiness under Christ, not by executing Mosaic civil penalties.
- Because the penalties are covenant-specific, the sins are no longer morally serious. - The New Testament reaffirms the moral seriousness of idolatry, occultism, dishonoring parents, adultery, sexual immorality, same-sex practice, and other defilements, while applying discipline under the New Covenant.
- Molek worship is irrelevant because modern people do not use that name. - The specific cult is ancient, but the theological warning remains: children must never be sacrificed to idols, power, convenience, or false worship.
- Occult practices are harmless curiosity. - The chapter treats mediums and spiritists as spiritual prostitution and rebellion against the Lord.
- Sexual sin is merely private behavior. - Leviticus 20 shows sexual sin defiles people, households, community, and land.
- Holiness means Israel is intrinsically superior to other nations. - Israel is holy because the Lord set them apart and sanctifies them. Holiness is grace-based possession, not ethnic superiority.
- Grace means warnings are unnecessary. - Biblical grace includes warning, repentance, discipline, and sanctification. Christ saves sinners from judgment and from slavery to defilement.
- Where am I tempted to close my eyes to sin because confronting it is costly?
- What modern idols demand the sacrifice of children, family, conscience, or holiness?
- Do I treat occult practices as entertainment or as rebellion against the Lord?
- What does it mean that the Lord Himself sanctifies His people?
- How does divine sanctification call me to active consecration?
- Where has my view of sexual holiness been shaped more by the nations than by Scripture?
- Do I believe that sin can defile households and communities, or do I treat it as merely individual?
- How should church discipline reflect the moral seriousness of this chapter without importing Israel's civil penalties?
- How does Christ bear the judgment deserved by His people and also deliver them from defilement?
- What does it mean to be set apart as God's own possession?
- Preach holiness with both gravity and gospel clarity.
- Warn against tolerated evil.
- Treat children as covenantally precious, never expendable.
- Confront occult practices without embarrassment.
- Disciple sexual holiness as community holiness.
- Distinguish Old Covenant penalties from New Covenant discipline.
- Root holiness in God's sanctifying work.
- Teach separation as belonging, not arrogance.
The chapter begins with Molek worship and warns that even concealed or tolerated evil stands before the Lord.
Turning to mediums and spiritists is rejected because God's people must seek the Lord.
Israel must consecrate themselves because the Lord sanctifies them.
Sexual holiness is tied to life in the land and separation from the nations.
Discerning clean and unclean trains Israel to live as the Lord's set-apart people.
The law's penalties reveal the seriousness of sin and point toward the need for Christ to bear judgment for His people.
The church does not reproduce Israel's civil structure but is still called to holiness, discipline, and separation from defilement.
Study holiness as divine character, covenant identity, and sanctified life across Scripture.
Track judgment as covenant accountability, divine justice, and eschatological reckoning.
The Biblical World
Chapter At A Glance
The chapter begins with penalties for Molek worship and warnings against tolerating child sacrifice, then forbids turning to mediums and spiritists. It calls Israel to consecrate themselves because the Lord sanctifies them. It then gives penalties for cursing parents and for multiple sexual sins, including adultery, incest, same-sex intercourse, and bestiality. The chapter closes by commanding Israel to distinguish clean and unclean, reject the nations' practices, and live as the Lord's separated possession.
Leviticus 20 presses covenant holiness into judicial and communal accountability. Israel's calling is not merely to know the Lord's boundaries but to guard them. The chapter reinforces that life in the promised land depends upon separation from the practices that defiled the nations. The Lord's sanctifying grace does not remove judgment; it establishes the obligation to live as His holy possession.
Leviticus 20 clarifies the gospel by showing the judgment that sin deserves and the holiness God requires. Idolatry, occultism, parent-cursing, sexual immorality, and defilement are not small matters. Yet the chapter also reveals a crucial truth: the Lord makes His people holy. The gospel announces that Christ bears the curse and judgment of sinners, cleanses them by His blood, and sanctifies them by His Spirit so they may live as God's possession.
Reverent holiness, moral courage, protective love, sexual integrity, discernment, repentance, and confidence in the sanctifying work of God.
Focus Points
- Holiness
- Consecration
- The Lord who sanctifies
- Molek
- Child sacrifice
- Sanctuary defilement
- Profaning the Lord's name
- Communal accountability
- Mediums and spiritists
- Spiritual prostitution
- Parent honor
- Sexual holiness
- Adultery
- Incest
- Same-sex intercourse
- Bestiality
- Menstrual impurity
- Land vomiting out inhabitants
- Separation from nations
- Clean and unclean
- Israel as the Lord's possession
- The Lord Sanctifies His People
- Holiness Requires Community Accountability
- Child Sacrifice Profanes the Lord's Name
- Occultism Is Rival Worship
- Sexual Sin Defiles Household, Body, and Land
- The Land Is Morally Responsive Under the Lord
- Separation From the Nations Is Positive Belonging to the Lord
- Clean and Unclean Discernment Trains Holiness
- Sanctification
- Idolatry
- Occultism
- Family Honor
- Creation Order
- Land Defilement
- Covenant Community Accountability
- Christ the Judgment-Bearer
- New Covenant Holiness
Cross References
Passages
Chapter opening: Leviticus 20:1-5
Lev 19:19-32 The words, “Ye shall keep My statutes,” open the second series of commandments, which make it a duty on the part of the people of God to keep the physical and moral order of the world sacred. This series begins in Lev 19:19 with the commandment not to mix the things which are separated in the creation of God. “Thou shalt not let thy cattle gender with a diverse kind: thou shalt not sow thy field with two kinds of seed, or put on a garment of mixed stuff.
” כּלאים, from כּלא separation, signifies duae res diversi generis , heterogeneae , and is a substantive in the accusative, giving a more precise definition. שעטנז is in apposition to כּלאים בּגד, and according to Deu 22:11 refers to cloth or a garment woven of wool and flax, to a mixed fabric therefore. The etymology is obscure, and the rendering given by the lxx, κίβδηλον, i.
e. , forged, not genuine, is probably merely a conjecture based upon the context. The word is probably derived from the Egyptian; although the attempt to explain it from the Coptic has not been so far satisfactory. In Deu 22:9-11, instead of the field, the vineyard is mentioned, as that which they were not to sow with things of two kinds, i. e. , so that a mixed produce should arise; and the threat is added, “that thy fulness (full fruit, Exo 22:28), the seed, and the produce of the vineyard (i.
e. , the corn and wine grown upon the vineyard) may not become holy” (cf. Lev 27:10, Lev 27:21), i. e. , fall to the sanctuary for its servants. It is also forbidden to plough with an ox and ass together, i. e. , to yoke them to the same plough. By these laws the observance of the natural order and separation of things is made a duty binding upon the Israelites, the people of Jehovah, as a divine ordinance founded in the creation itself (Gen 1:11-12, Gen 1:21, Gen 1:24-25).
All the symbolical, mystical, moral, and utilitarian reasons that have been supposed to lie at the foundation of these commands, are foreign to the spirit of the law. And with regard to the observance of them, the statement of Josephus and the Rabbins, that the dress of the priests, as well as the tapestries and curtains of the tabernacle, consisted of wool and linen, is founded upon the assumption, which cannot be established, that שׁשׁ, βύσσος, is a term applied to linen.
The mules frequently mentioned, e. g. , in 2Sa 13:29; 2Sa 18:9; 1Ki 1:33, may have been imported from abroad, as we may conclude from 1Ki 10:25.
Lev 19:19-32 The words, “Ye shall keep My statutes,” open the second series of commandments, which make it a duty on the part of the people of God to keep the physical and moral order of the world sacred. This series begins in Lev 19:19 with the commandment not to mix the things which are separated in the creation of God. “Thou shalt not let thy cattle gender with a diverse kind: thou shalt not sow thy field with two kinds of seed, or put on a garment of mixed stuff.
” כּלאים, from כּלא separation, signifies duae res diversi generis , heterogeneae , and is a substantive in the accusative, giving a more precise definition. שעטנז is in apposition to כּלאים בּגד, and according to Deu 22:11 refers to cloth or a garment woven of wool and flax, to a mixed fabric therefore. The etymology is obscure, and the rendering given by the lxx, κίβδηλον, i.
e. , forged, not genuine, is probably merely a conjecture based upon the context. The word is probably derived from the Egyptian; although the attempt to explain it from the Coptic has not been so far satisfactory. In Deu 22:9-11, instead of the field, the vineyard is mentioned, as that which they were not to sow with things of two kinds, i. e. , so that a mixed produce should arise; and the threat is added, “that thy fulness (full fruit, Exo 22:28), the seed, and the produce of the vineyard (i.
e. , the corn and wine grown upon the vineyard) may not become holy” (cf. Lev 27:10, Lev 27:21), i. e. , fall to the sanctuary for its servants. It is also forbidden to plough with an ox and ass together, i. e. , to yoke them to the same plough. By these laws the observance of the natural order and separation of things is made a duty binding upon the Israelites, the people of Jehovah, as a divine ordinance founded in the creation itself (Gen 1:11-12, Gen 1:21, Gen 1:24-25).
All the symbolical, mystical, moral, and utilitarian reasons that have been supposed to lie at the foundation of these commands, are foreign to the spirit of the law. And with regard to the observance of them, the statement of Josephus and the Rabbins, that the dress of the priests, as well as the tapestries and curtains of the tabernacle, consisted of wool and linen, is founded upon the assumption, which cannot be established, that שׁשׁ, βύσσος, is a term applied to linen.
The mules frequently mentioned, e. g. , in 2Sa 13:29; 2Sa 18:9; 1Ki 1:33, may have been imported from abroad, as we may conclude from 1Ki 10:25.
Lev 19:19-32 The words, “Ye shall keep My statutes,” open the second series of commandments, which make it a duty on the part of the people of God to keep the physical and moral order of the world sacred. This series begins in Lev 19:19 with the commandment not to mix the things which are separated in the creation of God. “Thou shalt not let thy cattle gender with a diverse kind: thou shalt not sow thy field with two kinds of seed, or put on a garment of mixed stuff.
” כּלאים, from כּלא separation, signifies duae res diversi generis , heterogeneae , and is a substantive in the accusative, giving a more precise definition. שעטנז is in apposition to כּלאים בּגד, and according to Deu 22:11 refers to cloth or a garment woven of wool and flax, to a mixed fabric therefore. The etymology is obscure, and the rendering given by the lxx, κίβδηλον, i.
e. , forged, not genuine, is probably merely a conjecture based upon the context. The word is probably derived from the Egyptian; although the attempt to explain it from the Coptic has not been so far satisfactory. In Deu 22:9-11, instead of the field, the vineyard is mentioned, as that which they were not to sow with things of two kinds, i. e. , so that a mixed produce should arise; and the threat is added, “that thy fulness (full fruit, Exo 22:28), the seed, and the produce of the vineyard (i.
e. , the corn and wine grown upon the vineyard) may not become holy” (cf. Lev 27:10, Lev 27:21), i. e. , fall to the sanctuary for its servants. It is also forbidden to plough with an ox and ass together, i. e. , to yoke them to the same plough. By these laws the observance of the natural order and separation of things is made a duty binding upon the Israelites, the people of Jehovah, as a divine ordinance founded in the creation itself (Gen 1:11-12, Gen 1:21, Gen 1:24-25).
All the symbolical, mystical, moral, and utilitarian reasons that have been supposed to lie at the foundation of these commands, are foreign to the spirit of the law. And with regard to the observance of them, the statement of Josephus and the Rabbins, that the dress of the priests, as well as the tapestries and curtains of the tabernacle, consisted of wool and linen, is founded upon the assumption, which cannot be established, that שׁשׁ, βύσσος, is a term applied to linen.
The mules frequently mentioned, e. g. , in 2Sa 13:29; 2Sa 18:9; 1Ki 1:33, may have been imported from abroad, as we may conclude from 1Ki 10:25.
Lev 19:19-32 The words, “Ye shall keep My statutes,” open the second series of commandments, which make it a duty on the part of the people of God to keep the physical and moral order of the world sacred. This series begins in Lev 19:19 with the commandment not to mix the things which are separated in the creation of God. “Thou shalt not let thy cattle gender with a diverse kind: thou shalt not sow thy field with two kinds of seed, or put on a garment of mixed stuff.
” כּלאים, from כּלא separation, signifies duae res diversi generis , heterogeneae , and is a substantive in the accusative, giving a more precise definition. שעטנז is in apposition to כּלאים בּגד, and according to Deu 22:11 refers to cloth or a garment woven of wool and flax, to a mixed fabric therefore. The etymology is obscure, and the rendering given by the lxx, κίβδηλον, i.
e. , forged, not genuine, is probably merely a conjecture based upon the context. The word is probably derived from the Egyptian; although the attempt to explain it from the Coptic has not been so far satisfactory. In Deu 22:9-11, instead of the field, the vineyard is mentioned, as that which they were not to sow with things of two kinds, i. e. , so that a mixed produce should arise; and the threat is added, “that thy fulness (full fruit, Exo 22:28), the seed, and the produce of the vineyard (i.
e. , the corn and wine grown upon the vineyard) may not become holy” (cf. Lev 27:10, Lev 27:21), i. e. , fall to the sanctuary for its servants. It is also forbidden to plough with an ox and ass together, i. e. , to yoke them to the same plough. By these laws the observance of the natural order and separation of things is made a duty binding upon the Israelites, the people of Jehovah, as a divine ordinance founded in the creation itself (Gen 1:11-12, Gen 1:21, Gen 1:24-25).
All the symbolical, mystical, moral, and utilitarian reasons that have been supposed to lie at the foundation of these commands, are foreign to the spirit of the law. And with regard to the observance of them, the statement of Josephus and the Rabbins, that the dress of the priests, as well as the tapestries and curtains of the tabernacle, consisted of wool and linen, is founded upon the assumption, which cannot be established, that שׁשׁ, βύσσος, is a term applied to linen.
The mules frequently mentioned, e. g. , in 2Sa 13:29; 2Sa 18:9; 1Ki 1:33, may have been imported from abroad, as we may conclude from 1Ki 10:25.
Lev 19:19-32 The words, “Ye shall keep My statutes,” open the second series of commandments, which make it a duty on the part of the people of God to keep the physical and moral order of the world sacred. This series begins in Lev 19:19 with the commandment not to mix the things which are separated in the creation of God. “Thou shalt not let thy cattle gender with a diverse kind: thou shalt not sow thy field with two kinds of seed, or put on a garment of mixed stuff.
” כּלאים, from כּלא separation, signifies duae res diversi generis , heterogeneae , and is a substantive in the accusative, giving a more precise definition. שעטנז is in apposition to כּלאים בּגד, and according to Deu 22:11 refers to cloth or a garment woven of wool and flax, to a mixed fabric therefore. The etymology is obscure, and the rendering given by the lxx, κίβδηλον, i.
e. , forged, not genuine, is probably merely a conjecture based upon the context. The word is probably derived from the Egyptian; although the attempt to explain it from the Coptic has not been so far satisfactory. In Deu 22:9-11, instead of the field, the vineyard is mentioned, as that which they were not to sow with things of two kinds, i. e. , so that a mixed produce should arise; and the threat is added, “that thy fulness (full fruit, Exo 22:28), the seed, and the produce of the vineyard (i.
e. , the corn and wine grown upon the vineyard) may not become holy” (cf. Lev 27:10, Lev 27:21), i. e. , fall to the sanctuary for its servants. It is also forbidden to plough with an ox and ass together, i. e. , to yoke them to the same plough. By these laws the observance of the natural order and separation of things is made a duty binding upon the Israelites, the people of Jehovah, as a divine ordinance founded in the creation itself (Gen 1:11-12, Gen 1:21, Gen 1:24-25).
All the symbolical, mystical, moral, and utilitarian reasons that have been supposed to lie at the foundation of these commands, are foreign to the spirit of the law. And with regard to the observance of them, the statement of Josephus and the Rabbins, that the dress of the priests, as well as the tapestries and curtains of the tabernacle, consisted of wool and linen, is founded upon the assumption, which cannot be established, that שׁשׁ, βύσσος, is a term applied to linen.
The mules frequently mentioned, e. g. , in 2Sa 13:29; 2Sa 18:9; 1Ki 1:33, may have been imported from abroad, as we may conclude from 1Ki 10:25.
Lev 19:19-32 The words, “Ye shall keep My statutes,” open the second series of commandments, which make it a duty on the part of the people of God to keep the physical and moral order of the world sacred. This series begins in Lev 19:19 with the commandment not to mix the things which are separated in the creation of God. “Thou shalt not let thy cattle gender with a diverse kind: thou shalt not sow thy field with two kinds of seed, or put on a garment of mixed stuff.
” כּלאים, from כּלא separation, signifies duae res diversi generis , heterogeneae , and is a substantive in the accusative, giving a more precise definition. שעטנז is in apposition to כּלאים בּגד, and according to Deu 22:11 refers to cloth or a garment woven of wool and flax, to a mixed fabric therefore. The etymology is obscure, and the rendering given by the lxx, κίβδηλον, i.
e. , forged, not genuine, is probably merely a conjecture based upon the context. The word is probably derived from the Egyptian; although the attempt to explain it from the Coptic has not been so far satisfactory. In Deu 22:9-11, instead of the field, the vineyard is mentioned, as that which they were not to sow with things of two kinds, i. e. , so that a mixed produce should arise; and the threat is added, “that thy fulness (full fruit, Exo 22:28), the seed, and the produce of the vineyard (i.
e. , the corn and wine grown upon the vineyard) may not become holy” (cf. Lev 27:10, Lev 27:21), i. e. , fall to the sanctuary for its servants. It is also forbidden to plough with an ox and ass together, i. e. , to yoke them to the same plough. By these laws the observance of the natural order and separation of things is made a duty binding upon the Israelites, the people of Jehovah, as a divine ordinance founded in the creation itself (Gen 1:11-12, Gen 1:21, Gen 1:24-25).
All the symbolical, mystical, moral, and utilitarian reasons that have been supposed to lie at the foundation of these commands, are foreign to the spirit of the law. And with regard to the observance of them, the statement of Josephus and the Rabbins, that the dress of the priests, as well as the tapestries and curtains of the tabernacle, consisted of wool and linen, is founded upon the assumption, which cannot be established, that שׁשׁ, βύσσος, is a term applied to linen.
The mules frequently mentioned, e. g. , in 2Sa 13:29; 2Sa 18:9; 1Ki 1:33, may have been imported from abroad, as we may conclude from 1Ki 10:25.
Lev 19:19-32 The words, “Ye shall keep My statutes,” open the second series of commandments, which make it a duty on the part of the people of God to keep the physical and moral order of the world sacred. This series begins in Lev 19:19 with the commandment not to mix the things which are separated in the creation of God. “Thou shalt not let thy cattle gender with a diverse kind: thou shalt not sow thy field with two kinds of seed, or put on a garment of mixed stuff.
” כּלאים, from כּלא separation, signifies duae res diversi generis , heterogeneae , and is a substantive in the accusative, giving a more precise definition. שעטנז is in apposition to כּלאים בּגד, and according to Deu 22:11 refers to cloth or a garment woven of wool and flax, to a mixed fabric therefore. The etymology is obscure, and the rendering given by the lxx, κίβδηλον, i.
e. , forged, not genuine, is probably merely a conjecture based upon the context. The word is probably derived from the Egyptian; although the attempt to explain it from the Coptic has not been so far satisfactory. In Deu 22:9-11, instead of the field, the vineyard is mentioned, as that which they were not to sow with things of two kinds, i. e. , so that a mixed produce should arise; and the threat is added, “that thy fulness (full fruit, Exo 22:28), the seed, and the produce of the vineyard (i.
e. , the corn and wine grown upon the vineyard) may not become holy” (cf. Lev 27:10, Lev 27:21), i. e. , fall to the sanctuary for its servants. It is also forbidden to plough with an ox and ass together, i. e. , to yoke them to the same plough. By these laws the observance of the natural order and separation of things is made a duty binding upon the Israelites, the people of Jehovah, as a divine ordinance founded in the creation itself (Gen 1:11-12, Gen 1:21, Gen 1:24-25).
All the symbolical, mystical, moral, and utilitarian reasons that have been supposed to lie at the foundation of these commands, are foreign to the spirit of the law. And with regard to the observance of them, the statement of Josephus and the Rabbins, that the dress of the priests, as well as the tapestries and curtains of the tabernacle, consisted of wool and linen, is founded upon the assumption, which cannot be established, that שׁשׁ, βύσσος, is a term applied to linen.
The mules frequently mentioned, e. g. , in 2Sa 13:29; 2Sa 18:9; 1Ki 1:33, may have been imported from abroad, as we may conclude from 1Ki 10:25.
Lev 19:19-32 The words, “Ye shall keep My statutes,” open the second series of commandments, which make it a duty on the part of the people of God to keep the physical and moral order of the world sacred. This series begins in Lev 19:19 with the commandment not to mix the things which are separated in the creation of God. “Thou shalt not let thy cattle gender with a diverse kind: thou shalt not sow thy field with two kinds of seed, or put on a garment of mixed stuff.
” כּלאים, from כּלא separation, signifies duae res diversi generis , heterogeneae , and is a substantive in the accusative, giving a more precise definition. שעטנז is in apposition to כּלאים בּגד, and according to Deu 22:11 refers to cloth or a garment woven of wool and flax, to a mixed fabric therefore. The etymology is obscure, and the rendering given by the lxx, κίβδηλον, i.
e. , forged, not genuine, is probably merely a conjecture based upon the context. The word is probably derived from the Egyptian; although the attempt to explain it from the Coptic has not been so far satisfactory. In Deu 22:9-11, instead of the field, the vineyard is mentioned, as that which they were not to sow with things of two kinds, i. e. , so that a mixed produce should arise; and the threat is added, “that thy fulness (full fruit, Exo 22:28), the seed, and the produce of the vineyard (i.
e. , the corn and wine grown upon the vineyard) may not become holy” (cf. Lev 27:10, Lev 27:21), i. e. , fall to the sanctuary for its servants. It is also forbidden to plough with an ox and ass together, i. e. , to yoke them to the same plough. By these laws the observance of the natural order and separation of things is made a duty binding upon the Israelites, the people of Jehovah, as a divine ordinance founded in the creation itself (Gen 1:11-12, Gen 1:21, Gen 1:24-25).
All the symbolical, mystical, moral, and utilitarian reasons that have been supposed to lie at the foundation of these commands, are foreign to the spirit of the law. And with regard to the observance of them, the statement of Josephus and the Rabbins, that the dress of the priests, as well as the tapestries and curtains of the tabernacle, consisted of wool and linen, is founded upon the assumption, which cannot be established, that שׁשׁ, βύσσος, is a term applied to linen.
The mules frequently mentioned, e. g. , in 2Sa 13:29; 2Sa 18:9; 1Ki 1:33, may have been imported from abroad, as we may conclude from 1Ki 10:25.
Lev 19:33-34 A few commandments are added of a judicial character. - Lev 19:33, Lev 19:34. The Israelite was not only not to oppress the foreigner in his land (as had already been commanded in Exo 22:20 and Exo 23:9), but to treat him as a native, and love him as himself.
Lev 19:33-34 A few commandments are added of a judicial character. - Lev 19:33, Lev 19:34. The Israelite was not only not to oppress the foreigner in his land (as had already been commanded in Exo 22:20 and Exo 23:9), but to treat him as a native, and love him as himself.
Lev 19:35-36 As a universal rule, they were to do no wrong in judgment (the administration of justice, Lev 19:15), or in social intercourse and trade with weights and measures of length and capacity; but to keep just scales, weights, and measures. On ephah and hin , see at Exo 16:36 and Exo 29:40. In the renewal of this command in Deu 25:13-16, it is forbidden to carry “stone and stone” in the bag, i.
e. , two kinds of stones (namely, for weights), large and small; or to keep two kinds of measures, a large one for buying and a small one for selling; and full (unadulterated) and just weight and measure are laid down as an obligation. This was a command, the breach of which was frequently condemned (Pro 16:11; Pro 20:10, Pro 20:23; Amo 8:5; Mic 6:10, cf. Eze 45:10).
Lev 19:35-36 As a universal rule, they were to do no wrong in judgment (the administration of justice, Lev 19:15), or in social intercourse and trade with weights and measures of length and capacity; but to keep just scales, weights, and measures. On ephah and hin , see at Exo 16:36 and Exo 29:40. In the renewal of this command in Deu 25:13-16, it is forbidden to carry “stone and stone” in the bag, i.
e. , two kinds of stones (namely, for weights), large and small; or to keep two kinds of measures, a large one for buying and a small one for selling; and full (unadulterated) and just weight and measure are laid down as an obligation. This was a command, the breach of which was frequently condemned (Pro 16:11; Pro 20:10, Pro 20:23; Amo 8:5; Mic 6:10, cf. Eze 45:10).
Lev 19:37 Concluding exhortation, summing up all the rest.
Lev 20:1 Punishments for the Vices and crimes Prohibited in Ch. 18 and 19. - The list commences with idolatry and soothsaying, which were to be followed by extermination, as a practical apostasy from Jehovah, and a manifest breach of the covenant.
Lev 20:2 Whoever, whether an Israelite or a foreigner in Israel, dedicated of his seed (children) to Moloch (see Lev 18:21), was to be put to death. The people of the land were to stone him. בּאבן רגם, lapide obruere , is synonymous with סקל, lit., lapidem jacere: this was the usual punishment appointed in the law for cases in which death was inflicted, either as the result of a judicial sentence, or by the national community.
Lev 20:3 By this punishment the nation only carried out the will of Jehovah; for He would cut off such a man (see at Lev 17:10 and Lev 18:21) for having defiled the sanctuary of Jehovah and desecrated the name of Jehovah, not because he had brought the sacrifice to Moloch into the sanctuary of Jehovah, as Movers supposes, but in the same sense in which all the sins of Israel defiled the sanctuary in their midst (Lev 15:31; Lev 16:16).
Lev 20:4-5 If the people, however (the people of the land), should hide their eyes from him (on the dagesh in חעלּם and יעלּימוּ see the note on Lev 4:13-21), from an unscrupulous indifference or a secret approval of his sin, the Lord would direct His face against him and his family, and cut him off with all that went a whoring after him.
Lev 20:4-5 If the people, however (the people of the land), should hide their eyes from him (on the dagesh in חעלּם and יעלּימוּ see the note on Lev 4:13-21), from an unscrupulous indifference or a secret approval of his sin, the Lord would direct His face against him and his family, and cut him off with all that went a whoring after him.
Lev 20:6 He would also do the same to every soul that turned to familiar spirits and necromantists (Lev 19:31, cf. Exo 22:17), “to go a whoring after them,” i.e., to make himself guilty of idolatry by so doing, such practices being always closely connected with idolatry.
Lev 20:7-8 For the Israelites were to sanctify themselves, i.e., to keep themselves pure from all idolatrous abominations, to be holy because Jehovah was holy (Lev 11:44; Lev 19:2), and to keep the statutes of their God who sanctified them (Exo 31:13).
Lev 20:7-8 For the Israelites were to sanctify themselves, i.e., to keep themselves pure from all idolatrous abominations, to be holy because Jehovah was holy (Lev 11:44; Lev 19:2), and to keep the statutes of their God who sanctified them (Exo 31:13).
Lev 20:9-18 Whoever cursed father or mother was to be punished with death (Lev 19:3); “ His blood would be upon him . ” The cursing of parents was a capital crime (see at Lev 17:4, and for the plural דּמיו Exo 22:1 and Gen 4:10), which was to return upon the doer of it, according to Gen 9:6. The same punishment was to be inflicted upon adultery (Lev 20:10, cf.
Lev 18:20), carnal intercourse with a father’s wife (Lev 20:11, cf. Lev 18:7-8) or with a daughter-in-law (Lev 20:12, cf. Lev 18:17), sodomy (Lev 20:13, cf. Lev 18:22), sexual intercourse with a mother and her daughter, in which case the punishment was to be heightened by the burning of the criminals when put to death (Lev 20:14, cf. Lev 18:17), lying with a beast (Lev 20:15, Lev 20:16, cf.
Lev 18:23), sexual intercourse with a half-sister (Lev 20:17, cf. Lev 18:9 and Lev 18:11), and lying with a menstruous woman (Lev 20:18, cf. Lev 18:19). The punishment of death, which was to be inflicted in all these cases upon both the criminals, and also upon the beast that had been abused (Lev 20:15, Lev 20:16), was to be by stoning, according to Lev 20:2, Lev 20:27, and Deu 22:21.
; and by the burning (Lev 20:14) we are not to understand death by fire, or burning alive, but, as we may clearly see from Jos 7:15 and Jos 7:25, burning the corpse after death. This was also the case in Lev 21:9 and Gen 38:24.
Lev 20:9-18 Whoever cursed father or mother was to be punished with death (Lev 19:3); “ His blood would be upon him . ” The cursing of parents was a capital crime (see at Lev 17:4, and for the plural דּמיו Exo 22:1 and Gen 4:10), which was to return upon the doer of it, according to Gen 9:6. The same punishment was to be inflicted upon adultery (Lev 20:10, cf.
Lev 18:20), carnal intercourse with a father’s wife (Lev 20:11, cf. Lev 18:7-8) or with a daughter-in-law (Lev 20:12, cf. Lev 18:17), sodomy (Lev 20:13, cf. Lev 18:22), sexual intercourse with a mother and her daughter, in which case the punishment was to be heightened by the burning of the criminals when put to death (Lev 20:14, cf. Lev 18:17), lying with a beast (Lev 20:15, Lev 20:16, cf.
Lev 18:23), sexual intercourse with a half-sister (Lev 20:17, cf. Lev 18:9 and Lev 18:11), and lying with a menstruous woman (Lev 20:18, cf. Lev 18:19). The punishment of death, which was to be inflicted in all these cases upon both the criminals, and also upon the beast that had been abused (Lev 20:15, Lev 20:16), was to be by stoning, according to Lev 20:2, Lev 20:27, and Deu 22:21.
; and by the burning (Lev 20:14) we are not to understand death by fire, or burning alive, but, as we may clearly see from Jos 7:15 and Jos 7:25, burning the corpse after death. This was also the case in Lev 21:9 and Gen 38:24.
Lev 20:9-18 Whoever cursed father or mother was to be punished with death (Lev 19:3); “ His blood would be upon him . ” The cursing of parents was a capital crime (see at Lev 17:4, and for the plural דּמיו Exo 22:1 and Gen 4:10), which was to return upon the doer of it, according to Gen 9:6. The same punishment was to be inflicted upon adultery (Lev 20:10, cf.
Lev 18:20), carnal intercourse with a father’s wife (Lev 20:11, cf. Lev 18:7-8) or with a daughter-in-law (Lev 20:12, cf. Lev 18:17), sodomy (Lev 20:13, cf. Lev 18:22), sexual intercourse with a mother and her daughter, in which case the punishment was to be heightened by the burning of the criminals when put to death (Lev 20:14, cf. Lev 18:17), lying with a beast (Lev 20:15, Lev 20:16, cf.
Lev 18:23), sexual intercourse with a half-sister (Lev 20:17, cf. Lev 18:9 and Lev 18:11), and lying with a menstruous woman (Lev 20:18, cf. Lev 18:19). The punishment of death, which was to be inflicted in all these cases upon both the criminals, and also upon the beast that had been abused (Lev 20:15, Lev 20:16), was to be by stoning, according to Lev 20:2, Lev 20:27, and Deu 22:21.
; and by the burning (Lev 20:14) we are not to understand death by fire, or burning alive, but, as we may clearly see from Jos 7:15 and Jos 7:25, burning the corpse after death. This was also the case in Lev 21:9 and Gen 38:24.
Lev 20:9-18 Whoever cursed father or mother was to be punished with death (Lev 19:3); “ His blood would be upon him . ” The cursing of parents was a capital crime (see at Lev 17:4, and for the plural דּמיו Exo 22:1 and Gen 4:10), which was to return upon the doer of it, according to Gen 9:6. The same punishment was to be inflicted upon adultery (Lev 20:10, cf.
Lev 18:20), carnal intercourse with a father’s wife (Lev 20:11, cf. Lev 18:7-8) or with a daughter-in-law (Lev 20:12, cf. Lev 18:17), sodomy (Lev 20:13, cf. Lev 18:22), sexual intercourse with a mother and her daughter, in which case the punishment was to be heightened by the burning of the criminals when put to death (Lev 20:14, cf. Lev 18:17), lying with a beast (Lev 20:15, Lev 20:16, cf.
Lev 18:23), sexual intercourse with a half-sister (Lev 20:17, cf. Lev 18:9 and Lev 18:11), and lying with a menstruous woman (Lev 20:18, cf. Lev 18:19). The punishment of death, which was to be inflicted in all these cases upon both the criminals, and also upon the beast that had been abused (Lev 20:15, Lev 20:16), was to be by stoning, according to Lev 20:2, Lev 20:27, and Deu 22:21.
; and by the burning (Lev 20:14) we are not to understand death by fire, or burning alive, but, as we may clearly see from Jos 7:15 and Jos 7:25, burning the corpse after death. This was also the case in Lev 21:9 and Gen 38:24.
Lev 20:9-18 Whoever cursed father or mother was to be punished with death (Lev 19:3); “ His blood would be upon him . ” The cursing of parents was a capital crime (see at Lev 17:4, and for the plural דּמיו Exo 22:1 and Gen 4:10), which was to return upon the doer of it, according to Gen 9:6. The same punishment was to be inflicted upon adultery (Lev 20:10, cf.
Lev 18:20), carnal intercourse with a father’s wife (Lev 20:11, cf. Lev 18:7-8) or with a daughter-in-law (Lev 20:12, cf. Lev 18:17), sodomy (Lev 20:13, cf. Lev 18:22), sexual intercourse with a mother and her daughter, in which case the punishment was to be heightened by the burning of the criminals when put to death (Lev 20:14, cf. Lev 18:17), lying with a beast (Lev 20:15, Lev 20:16, cf.
Lev 18:23), sexual intercourse with a half-sister (Lev 20:17, cf. Lev 18:9 and Lev 18:11), and lying with a menstruous woman (Lev 20:18, cf. Lev 18:19). The punishment of death, which was to be inflicted in all these cases upon both the criminals, and also upon the beast that had been abused (Lev 20:15, Lev 20:16), was to be by stoning, according to Lev 20:2, Lev 20:27, and Deu 22:21.
; and by the burning (Lev 20:14) we are not to understand death by fire, or burning alive, but, as we may clearly see from Jos 7:15 and Jos 7:25, burning the corpse after death. This was also the case in Lev 21:9 and Gen 38:24.