Focused Passage

Exodus 15:1-21

The Song of the Sea and the Testing at Marah

Israel praises the LORD for triumphing over Pharaoh at the sea, Miriam leads the women in responsive worship, the people enter the wilderness and complain over bitter water, and the LORD provides water while revealing Himself as healer and testing Israel’s obedience.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1 Then Moses and the Israelites sang this song to the LORD: “I will sing to the LORD, for He is highly exalted. The horse and rider He has thrown into the sea.

2 The LORD is my strength and my song, and He has become my salvation. He is my God, and I will praise Him, my father’s God, and I will exalt Him.

3 The LORD is a warrior, the LORD is His name.

4 Pharaoh’s chariots and army He has cast into the sea; the finest of his officers are drowned in the Red Sea.

5 The depths have covered them; they sank there like a stone.

6 Your right hand, O LORD, is majestic in power; Your right hand, O LORD, has shattered the enemy.

7 You overthrew Your adversaries by Your great majesty. You unleashed Your burning wrath; it consumed them like stubble.

8 At the blast of Your nostrils the waters piled up; like a wall the currents stood firm; the depths congealed in the heart of the sea.

9 The enemy declared, ‘I will pursue, I will overtake. I will divide the spoils; I will gorge myself on them. I will draw my sword; my hand will destroy them.’

10 But You blew with Your breath, and the sea covered them. They sank like lead in the mighty waters.

11 Who among the gods is like You, O LORD? Who is like You—majestic in holiness, revered with praises, performing wonders?

12 You stretched out Your right hand, and the earth swallowed them up.

13 With loving devotion You will lead the people You have redeemed; with Your strength You will guide them to Your holy dwelling.

14 The nations will hear and tremble; anguish will grip the dwellers of Philistia.

15 Then the chiefs of Edom will be dismayed; trembling will seize the leaders of Moab; those who dwell in Canaan will melt away,

16 and terror and dread will fall on them. By the power of Your arm they will be as still as a stone until Your people pass by, O LORD, until the people You have bought pass by.

17 You will bring them in and plant them on the mountain of Your inheritance—the place, O LORD, You have prepared for Your dwelling, the sanctuary, O Lord, Your hands have established.

18 The LORD will reign forever and ever!”

19 For when Pharaoh’s horses, chariots, and horsemen went into the sea, the LORD brought the waters of the sea back over them. But the Israelites walked through the sea on dry ground.

20 Then Miriam the prophetess, Aaron’s sister, took a tambourine in her hand, and all the women followed her with tambourines and dancing.

21 And Miriam sang back to them: “Sing to the LORD, for He is highly exalted; the horse and rider He has thrown into the sea.”

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Then אָ֣ז H227 Adverb Moses מֹשֶׁה֩ H4872 Noun - proper - masculine singular and the Israelites וּבְנֵ֨י H1121 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct . . . יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker sang יָשִֽׁיר־ H7891 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular this הַזֹּאת֙ H2063 Article | Pronoun - feminine singular song הַשִּׁירָ֤ה H7892 Article | Noun - feminine singular to the LORD לַֽיהוָ֔ה H3068 Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular - וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural - לֵאמֹ֑ר H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct I will sing אָשִׁ֤ירָה H7891 Verb - Qal - Imperfect Cohortative - first person common singular to the LORD לַֽיהוָה֙ H3068 Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular for כִּֽי־ H3588 Conjunction He is highly exalted גָאֹ֣ה H1342 Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolute . . . גָּאָ֔ה H1342 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular The horse ס֥וּס H5483 Noun - masculine singular and rider וְרֹכְב֖וֹ H7392 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular He has thrown רָמָ֥ה H7411 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular into the sea בַיָּֽם׃ H3220 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 2

Original words

The LORD יָ֔הּ H3050 Noun - proper - masculine singular is my strength עָזִּ֤י H5797 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular and my song וְזִמְרָת֙ H2176 Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular construct and He has become וַֽיְהִי־ H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular my לִ֖י Preposition | first person common singular salvation לִֽישׁוּעָ֑ה H3444 Preposition-l | Noun - feminine singular He [is] זֶ֤ה H2088 Pronoun - masculine singular my God אֵלִי֙ H410 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular and I will praise Him וְאַנְוֵ֔הוּ H5115 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive imperfect - first person common singular | third person masculine singular my father’s אָבִ֖י H1 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular God אֱלֹהֵ֥י H430 Noun - masculine plural construct and I will exalt Him וַאֲרֹמְמֶֽנְהוּ׃ H7311 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive imperfect - first person common singular | third person masculine singular
Verse 3

Original words

The LORD יְהוָ֖ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular is a warrior אִ֣ישׁ H376 Noun - masculine singular construct . . . מִלְחָמָ֑ה H4421 Noun - feminine singular the LORD יְהוָ֖ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular is His name שְׁמֽוֹ׃ H8034 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Verse 4

Original words

Pharaoh’s פַּרְעֹ֛ה H6547 Noun - proper - masculine singular chariots מַרְכְּבֹ֥ת H4818 Noun - feminine plural construct and army וְחֵיל֖וֹ H2428 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular He has cast יָרָ֣ה H3384 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular into the sea בַיָּ֑ם H3220 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular the finest וּמִבְחַ֥ר H4005 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct of his officers שָֽׁלִשָׁ֖יו H7991 Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular are drowned טֻבְּע֥וּ H2883 Verb - Pual - Perfect - third person common plural in the Red סֽוּף׃ H5488 Noun - masculine singular Sea בְיַם־ H3220 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct

BSB notes

  • Or the Sea of Reeds; also in verse 22
Verse 5

Original words

The depths תְּהֹמֹ֖ת H8415 Noun - common plural have covered them יְכַסְיֻ֑מוּ H3680 Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine plural | third person masculine plural they sank יָרְד֥וּ H3381 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural [there] בִמְצוֹלֹ֖ת H4688 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine plural like כְּמוֹ־ H3644 Preposition a stone אָֽבֶן׃ H68 Noun - feminine singular
Verse 6

Original words

Your right hand יְמִֽינְךָ֣ H3225 Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine singular O LORD יְהוָ֔ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular is majestic נֶאְדָּרִ֖י H142 Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine singular construct in power בַּכֹּ֑חַ H3581 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular Your right hand יְמִֽינְךָ֥ H3225 Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine singular O LORD יְהוָ֖ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular has shattered תִּרְעַ֥ץ H7492 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine singular the enemy אוֹיֵֽב׃ H341 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular
Verse 7

Original words

You overthrew תַּהֲרֹ֣ס H2040 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular Your adversaries קָמֶ֑יךָ H6965 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular by Your great וּבְרֹ֥ב H7230 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct majesty גְּאוֹנְךָ֖ H1347 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular You unleashed תְּשַׁלַּח֙ H7971 Verb - Piel - Imperfect - second person masculine singular Your burning wrath חֲרֹ֣נְךָ֔ H2740 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular it consumed them יֹאכְלֵ֖מוֹ H398 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine plural like stubble כַּקַּֽשׁ׃ H7179 Preposition-k, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 8

Original words

At the blast וּבְר֤וּחַ H7307 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - common singular construct of Your nostrils אַפֶּ֙יךָ֙ H639 Noun - masculine dual construct | second person masculine singular the waters מַ֔יִם H4325 Noun - masculine plural piled up נֶ֣עֶרְמוּ H6192 Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person common plural like כְמוֹ־ H3644 Preposition a wall נֵ֖ד H5067 Noun - masculine singular the currents נֹזְלִ֑ים H5140 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural stood firm נִצְּב֥וּ H5324 Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person common plural the depths תְהֹמֹ֖ת H8415 Noun - common plural congealed קָֽפְא֥וּ H7087 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural in the heart בְּלֶב־ H3820 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct of the sea יָֽם׃ H3220 Noun - masculine singular
Verse 9

Original words

The enemy אוֹיֵ֛ב H341 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular declared אָמַ֥ר H559 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular I will pursue אֶרְדֹּ֥ף H7291 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singular I will overtake אַשִּׂ֖יג H5381 Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - first person common singular I will divide אֲחַלֵּ֣ק H2505 Verb - Piel - Imperfect - first person common singular the spoils שָׁלָ֑ל H7998 Noun - masculine singular I will gorge myself on them תִּמְלָאֵ֣מוֹ H4390 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine singular | third person masculine plural נַפְשִׁ֔י נַפְשִׁ֔י H5315 Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular I will draw אָרִ֣יק H7324 Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - first person common singular my sword חַרְבִּ֔י H2719 Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular my hand יָדִֽי׃ H3027 Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular will destroy them תּוֹרִישֵׁ֖מוֹ H3423 Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person feminine singular | third person masculine plural
Verse 10

Original words

But You blew נָשַׁ֥פְתָּ H5398 Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singular with Your breath בְרוּחֲךָ֖ H7307 Preposition-b | Noun - common singular construct | second person masculine singular and the sea יָ֑ם H3220 Noun - masculine singular covered them כִּסָּ֣מוֹ H3680 Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine plural They sank צָֽלֲלוּ֙ H6749 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural like lead כַּֽעוֹפֶ֔רֶת H5777 Preposition-k, Article | Noun - feminine singular in the mighty אַדִּירִֽים׃ H117 Adjective - masculine plural waters בְּמַ֖יִם H4325 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural
Verse 11

Original words

Who מִֽי־ H4310 Interrogative among the gods בָּֽאֵלִם֙ H410 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine plural is like You כָמֹ֤כָה H3644 Preposition | second person masculine singular O LORD יְהוָ֔ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular Who מִ֥י H4310 Interrogative is like You כָּמֹ֖כָה H3644 Preposition | second person masculine singular majestic נֶאְדָּ֣ר H142 Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine singular in holiness בַּקֹּ֑דֶשׁ H6944 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular revered נוֹרָ֥א H3372 Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine singular with praises תְהִלֹּ֖ת H8416 Noun - feminine plural performing עֹ֥שֵׂה H6213 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular construct wonders פֶֽלֶא׃ H6382 Noun - masculine singular
Verse 12

Original words

You stretched out נָטִ֙יתָ֙ H5186 Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singular Your right hand יְמִ֣ינְךָ֔ H3225 Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine singular and the earth אָֽרֶץ׃ H776 Noun - feminine singular swallowed them up תִּבְלָעֵ֖מוֹ H1104 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine singular | third person masculine plural
Verse 13

Original words

With loving devotion בְחַסְדְּךָ֖ H2617 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular You will lead נָחִ֥יתָ H5148 Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singular the people עַם־ H5971 Noun - masculine singular . . . ז֣וּ H2098 Pronoun - relative You have redeemed גָּאָ֑לְתָּ H1350 Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singular with Your strength בְעָזְּךָ֖ H5797 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular You will guide them נֵהַ֥לְתָּ H5095 Verb - Piel - Perfect - second person masculine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition Your holy קָדְשֶֽׁךָ׃ H6944 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular dwelling נְוֵ֥ה H5116 Noun - masculine singular construct

BSB notes

  • Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant.
Verse 14

Original words

The nations עַמִּ֖ים H5971 Noun - masculine plural will hear שָֽׁמְע֥וּ H8085 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural [and] tremble יִרְגָּז֑וּן H7264 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural | Paragogic nun anguish חִ֣יל H2427 Noun - masculine singular will grip אָחַ֔ז H270 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular the dwellers יֹשְׁבֵ֖י H3427 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct of Philistia פְּלָֽשֶׁת׃ H6429 Noun - proper - feminine singular
Verse 15

Original words

Then אָ֤ז H227 Adverb the chiefs אַלּוּפֵ֣י H441 Noun - masculine plural construct of Edom אֱד֔וֹם H123 Noun - proper - masculine singular will be dismayed נִבְהֲלוּ֙ H926 Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person common plural trembling רָ֑עַד H7461 Noun - masculine singular will seize יֹֽאחֲזֵ֖מוֹ H270 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine plural the leaders אֵילֵ֣י H352 Noun - masculine plural construct of Moab מוֹאָ֔ב H4124 Noun - proper - feminine singular those who dwell יֹשְׁבֵ֥י H3427 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct in Canaan כְנָֽעַן׃ H3667 Noun - proper - masculine singular will melt away נָמֹ֕גוּ H4127 Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person common plural . . . כֹּ֖ל H3605 Noun - masculine singular construct
Verse 16

Original words

and terror אֵימָ֙תָה֙ H367 Noun - feminine singular | third person feminine singular and dread וָפַ֔חַד H6343 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular will fall תִּפֹּ֨ל H5307 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine singular on them עֲלֵיהֶ֤ם H5921 Preposition | third person masculine plural By the power בִּגְדֹ֥ל H1419 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct of Your arm זְרוֹעֲךָ֖ H2220 Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine singular they will be as still יִדְּמ֣וּ H1826 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural as a stone כָּאָ֑בֶן H68 Preposition-k, Article | Noun - feminine singular until עַד־ H5704 Preposition Your people עַמְּךָ֙ H5971 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular pass by יַעֲבֹ֤ר H5674 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular O LORD יְהוָ֔ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular until עַֽד־ H5704 Preposition the people עַם־ H5971 Noun - masculine singular - ז֥וּ H2098 Pronoun - relative You have bought קָנִֽיתָ׃ H7069 Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singular pass by יַעֲבֹ֖ר H5674 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 17

Original words

You will bring them in תְּבִאֵ֗מוֹ H935 Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - second person masculine singular | third person masculine plural and plant them וְתִטָּעֵ֙מוֹ֙ H5193 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - second person masculine singular | third person masculine plural on the mountain בְּהַ֣ר H2022 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct of Your inheritance נַחֲלָֽתְךָ֔ H5159 Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine singular the place מָכ֧וֹן H4349 Noun - masculine singular O LORD יְהוָ֑ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular You have prepared פָּעַ֖לְתָּ H6466 Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singular for Your dwelling לְשִׁבְתְּךָ֛ H3427 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | second person masculine singular the sanctuary מִקְּדָ֕שׁ H4720 Noun - masculine singular O Lord אֲדֹנָ֖י H136 Noun - proper - masculine singular Your hands יָדֶֽיךָ׃ H3027 Noun - feminine dual construct | second person masculine singular have established כּוֹנְנ֥וּ H3559 Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person common plural
Verse 18

Original words

The LORD יְהוָ֥ה׀ H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular will reign יִמְלֹ֖ךְ H4427 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular forever לְעֹלָ֥ם H5769 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular and ever וָעֶֽד׃ H5703 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 19

Original words

For when כִּ֣י H3588 Conjunction Pharaoh’s פַּרְעֹ֜ה H6547 Noun - proper - masculine singular horses ס֨וּס H5483 Noun - masculine singular construct chariots בְּרִכְבּ֤וֹ H7393 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular and horsemen וּבְפָרָשָׁיו֙ H6571 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular went בָא֩ H935 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular into the sea בַּיָּ֔ם H3220 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular the LORD יְהוָ֛ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular brought the waters מֵ֣י H4325 Noun - masculine plural construct of the sea הַיָּ֑ם H3220 Article | Noun - masculine singular back וַיָּ֧שֶׁב H7725 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular over them עֲלֵהֶ֖ם H5921 Preposition | third person masculine plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker But the Israelites וּבְנֵ֧י H1121 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct . . . יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular walked הָלְכ֥וּ H1980 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural through בְּת֥וֹךְ H8432 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct the sea הַיָּֽם׃פ H3220 Article | Noun - masculine singular on dry ground בַיַּבָּשָׁ֖ה H3004 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singular
Verse 20

Original words

Then Miriam מִרְיָ֨ם H4813 Noun - proper - feminine singular the prophetess הַנְּבִיאָ֜ה H5031 Article | Noun - feminine singular Aaron’s אַהֲרֹ֛ן H175 Noun - proper - masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker sister אֲח֧וֹת H269 Noun - feminine singular construct took וַתִּקַּח֩ H3947 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular a tambourine הַתֹּ֖ף H8596 Article | Noun - masculine singular in her hand בְּיָדָ֑הּ H3027 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person feminine singular and all כָֽל־ H3605 Noun - masculine singular construct the women הַנָּשִׁים֙ H802 Article | Noun - feminine plural . . . אַחֲרֶ֔יהָ H310 Preposition | third person feminine singular followed her וַתֵּצֶ֤אןָ H3318 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine plural with tambourines בְּתֻפִּ֖ים H8596 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural and dancing וּבִמְחֹלֹֽת׃ H4246 Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - feminine plural
Verse 21

Original words

And Miriam מִרְיָ֑ם H4813 Noun - proper - feminine singular sang back וַתַּ֥עַן H6030 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular to them לָהֶ֖ם Preposition | third person masculine plural Sing שִׁ֤ירוּ H7891 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural to the LORD לַֽיהוָה֙ H3068 Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular for כִּֽי־ H3588 Conjunction He is highly exalted גָאֹ֣ה H1342 Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolute . . . גָּאָ֔ה H1342 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular the horse ס֥וּס H5483 Noun - masculine singular and rider וְרֹכְב֖וֹ H7392 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular He has thrown רָמָ֥ה H7411 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular into the sea בַיָּֽם׃ס H3220 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular

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