Focused Passage

Genesis 19:12-29

The LORD Judges Sodom, Delivers Lot, and Reveals the Horror of Sin and the Mercy of God

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

12Then the two men said to Lot, “Do you have anyone else here—a son-in-law, your sons or daughters, or anyone else in the city who belongs to you? Get them out of here,

13because we are about to destroy this place. For the outcry to the LORD against its people is so great that He has sent us to destroy it.”

14So Lot went out and spoke to the sons-in-law who were pledged in marriage to his daughters. “Get up,” he said. “Get out of this place, for the LORD is about to destroy the city!” But his sons-in-law thought he was joking.

15At daybreak the angels hurried Lot along, saying, “Get up! Take your wife and your two daughters who are here, or you will be swept away in the punishment of the city.”

16But when Lot hesitated, the men grabbed his hand and the hands of his wife and his two daughters. And they led them safely out of the city, because of the LORD’s compassion for them.

17As soon as the men had brought them out, one of them said, “Run for your lives! Do not look back, and do not stop anywhere on the plain! Flee to the mountains, or you will be swept away!”

18But Lot replied, “No, my lords, please!

19Your servant has indeed found favor in your sight, and you have shown me great kindness by sparing my life. But I cannot run to the mountains; the disaster will overtake me, and I will die.

20Look, there is a town nearby where I can flee, and it is a small place. Please let me flee there—is it not a small place? Then my life will be saved.”

21“Very well,” he answered, “I will grant this request as well, and will not demolish the town you indicate.

22Hurry! Run there quickly, for I cannot do anything until you reach it.” That is why the town was called Zoar.

23And by the time the sun had risen over the land, Lot had reached Zoar.

24Then the LORD rained down sulfur and fire on Sodom and Gomorrah—from the LORD out of the heavens.

25Thus He destroyed these cities and the entire plain, including all the inhabitants of the cities and everything that grew on the ground.

26But Lot’s wife looked back, and she became a pillar of salt.

27Early the next morning, Abraham got up and returned to the place where he had stood before the LORD.

28He looked down toward Sodom and Gomorrah and all the land of the plain, and he saw the smoke rising from the land like smoke from a furnace.

29So when God destroyed the cities of the plain, He remembered Abraham, and He brought Lot out of the catastrophe that destroyed the cities where he had lived.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 12

Original words

Then the [two] menהָאֲנָשִׁ֜יםH582Article | Noun - masculine pluralsaidוַיֹּאמְר֨וּH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluraltoאֶל־H413PrepositionLotל֗וֹטH3876Noun - proper - masculine singularDoמִֽי־H4310Interrogativeyou have anyoneלְךָ֣Preposition | second person masculine singularelseעֹ֚דH5750Adverbhereפֹ֔הH6311Adverba son-in-lawחָתָן֙H2860Noun - masculine singularyour sonsוּבָנֶ֣יךָH1121Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularor daughtersוּבְנֹתֶ֔יךָH1323Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine plural construct | second person masculine singularor anyoneוְכֹ֥לH3605Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singularelse in the cityבָּעִ֑ירH5892Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singularwho belongsאֲשֶׁר־H834Pronoun - relativeto youלְךָ֖Preposition | second person masculine singularGet them outהוֹצֵ֖אH3318Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine singularofמִן־H4480Prepositionhereהַמָּקֽוֹם׃H4725Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 13

Original words

becauseכִּֽי־H3588Conjunctionweאֲנַ֔חְנוּH587Pronoun - first person common plural-אֶת־H853Direct object markerare about to destroyמַשְׁחִתִ֣יםH7843Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine pluralthisהַזֶּ֑הH2088Article | Pronoun - masculine singularplaceהַמָּק֖וֹםH4725Article | Noun - masculine singularForכִּֽי־H3588Conjunctionthe outcryצַעֲקָתָם֙H6818Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine pluraltoאֶת־H854Preposition. . .פְּנֵ֣יH6440Noun - common plural constructthe LORDיְהוָ֔הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singular[against its people] is so greatגָֽדְלָ֤הH1431Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singularthat [He]יְהוָ֖הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularhas sent usוַיְשַׁלְּחֵ֥נוּH7971Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular | first person common pluralto destroy itלְשַׁחֲתָֽהּ׃H7843Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct | third person feminine singular
Verse 14

Original words

So Lotל֜וֹטH3876Noun - proper - masculine singularwent outוַיֵּצֵ֨אH3318Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularand spokeוַיְדַבֵּ֣ר׀H1696Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulartoאֶל־H413Prepositionthe sons-in-lawחֲתָנָ֣יו׀H2860Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singularwho were pledged in marriage toלֹקְחֵ֣יH3947Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural constructhis daughtersבְנֹתָ֗יוH1323Noun - feminine plural construct | third person masculine singularGet upק֤וּמוּH6965Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluralhe saidוַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙H559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularGet outצְּאוּ֙H3318Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluralofמִן־H4480Prepositionthisהַזֶּ֔הH2088Article | Pronoun - masculine singularplaceהַמָּק֣וֹםH4725Article | Noun - masculine singularforכִּֽי־H3588Conjunctionthe LORDיְהוָ֖הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markeris about to destroyמַשְׁחִ֥יתH7843Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singularthe cityהָעִ֑ירH5892Article | Noun - feminine singularBut his sons-in-lawחֲתָנָֽיו׃H2860Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singularthoughtבְּעֵינֵ֥יH5869Preposition-b | Noun - cdche wasוַיְהִ֥יH1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularjokingכִמְצַחֵ֖קH6711Preposition-k | Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine singular
Verse 15

Original words

Atוּכְמוֹ֙H3644Conjunctive waw | Prepositiondaybreakהַשַּׁ֣חַרH7837Article | Noun - masculine singular. . .עָלָ֔הH5927Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularthe angelsהַמַּלְאָכִ֖יםH4397Article | Noun - masculine pluralhurriedוַיָּאִ֥יצוּH213Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralLot alongבְּל֣וֹטH3876Preposition-b | Noun - proper - masculine singularsayingלֵאמֹ֑רH559Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructGet upקוּם֩H6965Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singularTakeקַ֨חH3947Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular-אֶֽת־H853Direct object markeryour wifeאִשְׁתְּךָ֜H802Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine singular-וְאֶת־H853Conjunctive waw | Direct object markerand your twoשְׁתֵּ֤יH8147Number - feminine dual constructdaughtersבְנֹתֶ֙יךָ֙H1323Noun - feminine plural construct | second person masculine singularwho are hereהַנִּמְצָאֹ֔תH4672Article | Verb - Nifal - Participle - feminine pluralorפֶּן־H6435Conjunctionyou will be swept awayתִּסָּפֶ֖הH5595Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine singularin the punishmentבַּעֲוֺ֥ןH5771Preposition-b | Noun - common singular constructof the cityהָעִֽיר׃H5892Article | Noun - feminine singular
Verse 16

Original words

But when [Lot] hesitatedוַֽיִּתְמַהְמָ֓הּ׀H4102Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hitpael - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularthe menהָאֲנָשִׁ֜יםH582Article | Noun - masculine pluralgrabbedוַיַּחֲזִ֨קוּH2388Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralhis handבְּיָד֣וֹH3027Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singularand the handsוּבְיַד־H3027Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular constructof his wifeאִשְׁתּ֗וֹH802Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singularandוּבְיַד֙H3027Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular constructhis twoשְׁתֵּ֣יH8147Number - feminine dual constructdaughtersבְנֹתָ֔יוH1323Noun - feminine plural construct | third person masculine singularAnd they led themוַיֹּצִאֻ֥הוּH3318Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural | third person masculine singularsafelyוַיַּנִּחֻ֖הוּH5117Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural | third person masculine singularout ofמִח֥וּץH2351Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular constructthe cityלָעִֽיר׃H5892Preposition-l, Article | Noun - feminine singularbecause of the LORD’sיְהוָ֖הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularcompassionבְּחֶמְלַ֥תH2551Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular constructfor themעָלָ֑יוH5921Preposition | third person masculine singular
Verse 17

Original words

-וַיְהִי֩H1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularAs soon as the men had broughtכְהוֹצִיאָ֨םH3318Preposition-k | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive construct | third person masculine pluralthemאֹתָ֜םH853Direct object marker | third person masculine pluraloutהַח֗וּצָהH2351Article | Noun - masculine singular | third person feminine singularone of them saidוַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙H559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularRunהִמָּלֵ֣טH4422Verb - Nifal - Imperative - masculine singularforעַל־H5921Prepositionyour livesנַפְשֶׁ֔ךָH5315Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine singularDo notאַל־H408Adverblookתַּבִּ֣יטH5027Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - second person masculine singularbackאַחֲרֶ֔יךָH310Preposition | second person masculine singularand do notוְאַֽל־H408Conjunctive waw | Adverbstopתַּעֲמֹ֖דH5975Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singularanywhereבְּכָל־H3605Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructon the plainהַכִּכָּ֑רH3603Article | Noun - feminine singularFleeהִמָּלֵ֖טH4422Verb - Nifal - Imperative - masculine singularto the mountainsהָהָ֥רָהH2022Article | Noun - masculine singular | third person feminine singularorפֶּן־H6435Conjunctionyou will be swept awayתִּסָּפֶֽה׃H5595Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular
Verse 18

Original words

But Lotל֖וֹטH3876Noun - proper - masculine singularrepliedוַיֹּ֥אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .אֲלֵהֶ֑םH413Preposition | third person masculine pluralNoאַל־H408Adverbmy lordsאֲדֹנָֽי׃H136Noun - masculine pluralpleaseנָ֖אH4994Interjection
Verse 19

Original words

Your servantעַבְדְּךָ֣H5650Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularhas indeedהִנֵּה־H2009Interjection. . .נָ֠אH4994Interjectionfoundמָצָ֨אH4672Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularfavorחֵן֮H2580Noun - masculine singularin your sightבְּעֵינֶיךָ֒H5869Preposition-b | Noun - cdc | second person masculine singularand you have shown meעָשִׂ֙יתָ֙H6213Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singular. . .עִמָּדִ֔יH5978Preposition | first person common singulargreatוַתַּגְדֵּ֣לH1431Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - second person masculine singularkindnessחַסְדְּךָ֗H2617Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular-אֲשֶׁ֤רH834Pronoun - relativeby sparingלְהַחֲי֖וֹתH2421Preposition-l | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive construct-אֶת־H853Direct object markermy lifeנַפְשִׁ֑יH5315Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singularBut Iוְאָנֹכִ֗יH595Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - first person common singularcannotלֹ֤אH3808Adverb - Negative particle. . .אוּכַל֙H3201Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singularrunלְהִמָּלֵ֣טH4422Preposition-l | Verb - Nifal - Infinitive constructto the mountainsהָהָ֔רָהH2022Article | Noun - masculine singular | third person feminine singular. . .פֶּן־H6435Conjunctionthe disasterהָרָעָ֖הH7451Article | Adjective - feminine singularwill overtake meתִּדְבָּקַ֥נִיH1692Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine singular | first person common singularand I will dieוָמַֽתִּי׃H4191Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular
Verse 20

Original words

Lookהִנֵּה־H2009Interjectionthere [is]הַזֹּ֧אתH2063Article | Pronoun - feminine singulara townהָעִ֨ירH5892Article | Noun - feminine singularnearbyקְרֹבָ֛הH7138Adjective - feminine singularwhereשָׁ֖מָּהH8033Adverb | third person feminine singularI can fleeלָנ֥וּסH5127Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructand itוְהִ֣יאH1931Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - third person feminine singularis a small placeמִצְעָ֑רH4705Noun - masculine singularPleaseנָ֠אH4994Interjectionlet me fleeאִמָּלְטָ֨הH4422Verb - Nifal - Imperfect Cohortative - first person common singular. . .נָּ֜אH4994Interjectionthereשָׁ֗מָּהH8033Adverb | third person feminine singularis itהִ֖ואH1931Pronoun - third person feminine singularnotהֲלֹ֥אH3808Adverb - Negative particlea small placeמִצְעָ֛רH4705Noun - masculine singularThen my lifeנַפְשִֽׁי׃H5315Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singularwill be savedוּתְחִ֥יH2421Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Jussive - third person feminine singular
Verse 21

Original words

Very wellהִנֵּה֙H2009Interjectionhe answeredוַיֹּ֣אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .אֵלָ֔יוH413Preposition | third person masculine singularI will grant this requestנָשָׂ֣אתִיH5375Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular. . .פָנֶ֔יךָH6440Noun - common plural construct | second person masculine singular. . .הַזֶּ֑הH2088Article | Pronoun - masculine singular. . .לַדָּבָ֣רH1697Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singularas wellגַּ֖םH1571Conjunctionand will notלְבִלְתִּ֛יH1115Preposition-ldemolishהָפְכִּ֥יH2015Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | first person common singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerthe townהָעִ֖ירH5892Article | Noun - feminine singular-אֲשֶׁ֥רH834Pronoun - relativeyou indicateדִּבַּֽרְתָּ׃H1696Verb - Piel - Perfect - second person masculine singular
Verse 22

Original words

Hurryמַהֵר֙H4116Verb - Piel - Imperative - masculine singularRunהִמָּלֵ֣טH4422Verb - Nifal - Imperative - masculine singularthere quicklyשָׁ֔מָּהH8033Adverb | third person feminine singularforכִּ֣יH3588ConjunctionI cannotלֹ֤אH3808Adverb - Negative particle. . .אוּכַל֙H3201Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singulardoלַעֲשׂ֣וֹתH6213Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructanythingדָּבָ֔רH1697Noun - masculine singularuntilעַד־H5704Prepositionyou reachבֹּאֲךָ֖H935Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | second person masculine singularitשָׁ֑מָּהH8033Adverb | third person feminine singularThat is whyעַל־H5921Preposition. . .כֵּ֛ןH3651Adverbthe townהָעִ֖ירH5892Article | Noun - feminine singularwas calledקָרָ֥אH7121Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular. . .שֵׁם־H8034Noun - masculine singular constructZoarצֽוֹעַר׃H6820Noun - proper - feminine singular

BSB notes

  • Zoar means small.
Verse 23

Original words

And by the time the sunהַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁH8121Article | Noun - common singularhad risenיָצָ֣אH3318Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularoverעַל־H5921Prepositionthe landהָאָ֑רֶץH776Article | Noun - feminine singularLotוְל֖וֹטH3876Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singularhad reachedבָּ֥אH935Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularZoarצֹֽעֲרָה׃H6820Noun - proper - feminine singular | third person feminine singular
Verse 24

Original words

Then the LORDוַֽיהוָ֗הH3068Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singularrained downהִמְטִ֧ירH4305Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singularsulfurגָּפְרִ֣יתH1614Noun - feminine singularand fireוָאֵ֑שׁH784Conjunctive waw | Noun - common singularonעַל־H5921PrepositionSodomסְדֹ֛םH5467Noun - proper - feminine singular. . .וְעַל־H5921Conjunctive waw | Prepositionand Gomorrahעֲמֹרָ֖הH6017Noun - proper - feminine singularfromמֵאֵ֥תH854Preposition-m | Direct object markerthe LORDיְהוָ֖הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularout ofמִן־H4480Prepositionthe heavensהַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃H8064Article | Noun - masculine plural
Verse 25

Original words

Thus He destroyedוַֽיַּהֲפֹךְ֙H2015Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markertheseהָאֵ֔לH411Article | Pronoun - common plural-וְאֵ֖תH853Conjunctive waw | Direct object markercitiesהֶעָרִ֣יםH5892Article | Noun - feminine pluraland the entireכָּל־H3605Noun - masculine singular constructplainהַכִּכָּ֑רH3603Article | Noun - feminine singularincludingוְאֵת֙H853Conjunctive waw | Direct object markerallכָּל־H3605Noun - masculine singular constructthe inhabitantsיֹשְׁבֵ֣יH3427Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural constructof the citiesהֶעָרִ֔יםH5892Article | Noun - feminine pluraland everything that grewוְצֶ֖מַחH6780Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular constructon the groundהָאֲדָמָֽה׃H127Article | Noun - feminine singular
Verse 26

Original words

But [Lot’s] wifeאִשְׁתּ֖וֹH802Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singularlookedוַתַּבֵּ֥טH5027Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singularbackמֵאַחֲרָ֑יוH310Preposition-m | third person masculine singularand she becameוַתְּהִ֖יH1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singulara pillarנְצִ֥יבH5333Noun - masculine singular constructof saltמֶֽלַח׃H4417Noun - masculine singular
Verse 27

Original words

Early the next morningבַּבֹּ֑קֶרH1242Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularAbrahamאַבְרָהָ֖םH85Noun - proper - masculine singulargot upוַיַּשְׁכֵּ֥םH7925Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularand returned toאֶל־H413Prepositionthe placeהַ֨מָּק֔וֹםH4725Article | Noun - masculine singularwhereאֲשֶׁר־H834Pronoun - relativehe had stoodעָ֥מַדH5975Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular. . .שָׁ֖םH8033Adverb. . .אֶת־H854Direct object markerbeforeפְּנֵ֥יH6440Noun - common plural constructthe LORDיְהוָֽה׃H3068Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 28

Original words

He lookedוַיַּשְׁקֵ֗ףH8259Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulardownעַל־H5921Prepositiontowardפְּנֵ֤יH6440Noun - common plural constructSodomסְדֹם֙H5467Noun - proper - feminine singularand Gomorrahוַעֲמֹרָ֔הH6017Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - feminine singular. . .וְעַֽל־H5921Conjunctive waw | Prepositionand allכָּל־H3605Noun - masculine singular construct. . .פְּנֵ֖יH6440Noun - common plural constructthe landאֶ֣רֶץH776Noun - feminine singular constructof the plainהַכִּכָּ֑רH3603Article | Noun - feminine singularand he sawוַיַּ֗רְאH7200Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .וְהִנֵּ֤הH2009Conjunctive waw | Interjectionthe smokeקִיטֹ֣רH7008Noun - masculine singular constructrisingעָלָה֙H5927Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularfrom the landהָאָ֔רֶץH776Article | Noun - feminine singularlike smokeכְּקִיטֹ֖רH7008Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular constructfrom a furnaceהַכִּבְשָֽׁן׃H3536Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 29

Original words

Soוַיְהִ֗יH1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularwhen Godאֱלֹהִים֙H430Noun - masculine plural-אֶת־H853Direct object markerdestroyedבְּשַׁחֵ֤תH7843Preposition-b | Verb - Piel - Infinitive constructthe citiesעָרֵ֣יH5892Noun - feminine plural constructof the plainהַכִּכָּ֔רH3603Article | Noun - feminine singularHeאֱלֹהִ֖יםH430Noun - masculine plural-אֶת־H853Direct object markerrememberedוַיִּזְכֹּ֥רH2142Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularAbrahamאַבְרָהָ֑םH85Noun - proper - masculine singularand He broughtוַיְשַׁלַּ֤חH7971Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerLotלוֹט֙H3876Noun - proper - masculine singularout of theמִתּ֣וֹךְH8432Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular constructcatastropheהַהֲפֵכָ֔הH2018Article | Noun - feminine singularthat destroyedבַּהֲפֹךְ֙H2015Preposition-b | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct-אֶת־H853Direct object markerthe citiesהֶ֣עָרִ֔יםH5892Article | Noun - feminine pluralwhereאֲשֶׁר־H834Pronoun - relative[he]לֽוֹט׃H3876Noun - proper - masculine singularhad livedיָשַׁ֥בH3427Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular. . .בָּהֵ֖ןPreposition-b | Pronoun - third person feminine plural

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