Focused Passage

Matthew 20:1-16

The First-Last Kingdom, the Ransom-Giving Son of Man, and Mercy for the Blind

Matthew moves from the parable of equal wages and kingdom generosity, to the first-last reversal, to Jesus’ third passion prediction, to status-seeking by James and John, to Jesus’ teaching on servant greatness, to the climactic ransom saying, and finally to the healing of two blind men who cry to the Son of David for mercy and follow him.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1 “For the kingdom of heaven is like a landowner who went out early in the morning to hire workers for his vineyard.

2 He agreed to pay them a denarius for the day and sent them into his vineyard.

3 About the third hour he went out and saw others standing in the marketplace doing nothing.

4 ‘You also go into my vineyard,’ he said, ‘and I will pay you whatever is right.’

5 So they went. He went out again about the sixth hour and the ninth hour and did the same thing.

6 About the eleventh hour he went out and found still others standing around. ‘Why have you been standing here all day long doing nothing?’ he asked.

7 ‘Because no one has hired us,’ they answered. So he told them, ‘You also go into my vineyard.’

8 When evening came, the owner of the vineyard said to his foreman, ‘Call the workers and pay them their wages, starting with the last ones hired and moving on to the first.’

9 The workers who were hired about the eleventh hour came and each received a denarius.

10 So when the original workers came, they assumed they would receive more. But each of them also received a denarius.

11 On receiving their pay, they began to grumble against the landowner.

12 ‘These men who were hired last worked only one hour,’ they said, ‘and you have made them equal to us who have borne the burden and the scorching heat of the day.’

13 But he answered one of them, ‘Friend, I am not being unfair to you. Did you not agree with me on one denarius?

14 Take your pay and go. I want to give this last man the same as I gave you.

15 Do I not have the right to do as I please with what is mine? Or are you envious because I am generous?’

16 So the last will be first, and the first will be last.”

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

For γάρ G1063 Conjunction the G3588 Article - Nominative Feminine Singular kingdom βασιλεία G932 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular of τῶν G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Plural heaven οὐρανῶν G3772 Noun - Genitive Masculine Plural is ἐστιν G1510 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular like Ὁμοία G3664 Adjective - Nominative Feminine Singular vvv ἀνθρώπῳ G444 Noun - Dative Masculine Singular a landowner οἰκοδεσπότῃ G3617 Noun - Dative Masculine Singular who ὅστις G3748 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Singular went out ἐξῆλθεν G1831 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular early in ἅμα G260 Preposition [the] morning πρωῒ G4404 Adverb to hire μισθώσασθαι G3409 Verb - Aorist Infinitive Middle workers ἐργάτας G2040 Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural for εἰς G1519 Preposition his αὐτοῦ G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular - τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular vineyard ἀμπελῶνα G290 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular
Verse 2

Original words

- δὲ G1161 Conjunction He agreed συμφωνήσας G4856 Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Singular [to pay] μετὰ G3326 Preposition - τῶν G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Plural [them] ἐργατῶν G2040 Noun - Genitive Masculine Plural a denarius δηναρίου G1220 Noun - Genitive Neuter Singular for ἐκ G1537 Preposition the τὴν G3588 Article - Accusative Feminine Singular day ἡμέραν G2250 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular [and] sent ἀπέστειλεν G649 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular them αὐτοὺς G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Plural into εἰς G1519 Preposition his αὐτοῦ G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular - τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular vineyard ἀμπελῶνα G290 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular

BSB notes

  • A denarius was customarily a day’s wage for a laborer; similarly in verses 9, 10, and 13.
Verse 3

Original words

- Καὶ G2532 Conjunction About περὶ G4012 Preposition the third τρίτην G5154 Adjective - Accusative Feminine Singular hour ὥραν G5610 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular he went out ἐξελθὼν G1831 Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Singular [and] saw εἶδεν G3708 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular others ἄλλους G243 Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural standing ἑστῶτας G2476 Verb - Perfect Participle Active - Accusative Masculine Plural in ἐν G1722 Preposition the τῇ G3588 Article - Dative Feminine Singular marketplace ἀγορᾷ G58 Noun - Dative Feminine Singular doing nothing ἀργούς G692 Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural

BSB notes

  • That is, about nine in the morning
Verse 4

Original words

You ὑμεῖς G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 2nd Person Plural also καὶ G2532 Conjunction go Ὑπάγετε G5217 Verb - Present Imperative Active - 2nd Person Plural into εἰς G1519 Preposition [my] τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular vineyard ἀμπελῶνα G290 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular - καὶ G2532 Conjunction he said εἶπεν G2036 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular - ἐκείνοις G1565 Demonstrative Pronoun - Dative Masculine Plural and καὶ G2532 Conjunction I will pay δώσω G1325 Verb - Future Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular you ὑμῖν G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 2nd Person Plural whatever G3739 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Neuter Singular . . . ἐὰν G1437 Conjunction is G1510 Verb - Present Subjunctive Active - 3rd Person Singular right δίκαιον G1342 Adjective - Nominative Neuter Singular
Verse 5

Original words

So δὲ G1161 Conjunction - οἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Plural they went ἀπῆλθον G565 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural - δὲ G1161 Conjunction He went out ἐξελθὼν G1831 Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Singular again Πάλιν G3825 Adverb about περὶ G4012 Preposition [the] sixth [hour] ἕκτην G1623 Adjective - Accusative Feminine Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction [the] ninth ἐνάτην G1766 Adjective - Accusative Feminine Singular hour ὥραν G5610 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular [and] did ἐποίησεν G4160 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular the same thing ὡσαύτως G5615 Adverb

BSB notes

  • That is, about noon and again about three in the afternoon
Verse 6

Original words

- δὲ G1161 Conjunction About Περὶ G4012 Preposition the τὴν G3588 Article - Accusative Feminine Singular eleventh [hour] ἑνδεκάτην G1734 Adjective - Accusative Feminine Singular he went out ἐξελθὼν G1831 Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Singular [and] found εὗρεν G2147 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular still others ἄλλους G243 Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural standing [around] ἑστῶτας G2476 Verb - Perfect Participle Active - Accusative Masculine Plural Why Τί G5101 Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singular have you been standing ἑστήκατε G2476 Verb - Perfect Indicative Active - 2nd Person Plural here ὧδε G5602 Adverb all ὅλην G3650 Adjective - Accusative Feminine Singular - τὴν G3588 Article - Accusative Feminine Singular day [long] ἡμέραν G2250 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular doing nothing ἀργοί G692 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural - καὶ G2532 Conjunction he asked λέγει G3004 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular . . . αὐτοῖς G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Plural

BSB notes

  • That is, about five in the afternoon; also in verse 9
Verse 7

Original words

Because Ὅτι G3754 Conjunction no one οὐδεὶς G3762 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Singular has hired ἐμισθώσατο G3409 Verb - Aorist Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Singular us ἡμᾶς G1473 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative 1st Person Plural they answered Λέγουσιν G3004 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural . . . αὐτῷ G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Singular So he told Λέγει G3004 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular them αὐτοῖς G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Plural You ὑμεῖς G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 2nd Person Plural also καὶ G2532 Conjunction go Ὑπάγετε G5217 Verb - Present Imperative Active - 2nd Person Plural into εἰς G1519 Preposition [my] τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular vineyard ἀμπελῶνα G290 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular

BSB notes

  • BYZ and TR include and whatever is right, you shall receive.
Verse 8

Original words

When δὲ G1161 Conjunction evening Ὀψίας G3798 Adjective - Genitive Feminine Singular came γενομένης G1096 Verb - Aorist Participle Middle - Genitive Feminine Singular the G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular owner κύριος G2962 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular of the τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular vineyard ἀμπελῶνος G290 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular said λέγει G3004 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular to τῷ G3588 Article - Dative Masculine Singular his αὐτοῦ G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular foreman ἐπιτρόπῳ G2012 Noun - Dative Masculine Singular Call Κάλεσον G2564 Verb - Aorist Imperative Active - 2nd Person Singular the τοὺς G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Plural workers ἐργάτας G2040 Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural and καὶ G2532 Conjunction pay ἀπόδος G591 Verb - Aorist Imperative Active - 2nd Person Singular them αὐτοῖς G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Plural [their] τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular wages μισθόν G3408 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular starting ἀρξάμενος G756 Verb - Aorist Participle Middle - Nominative Masculine Singular with ἀπὸ G575 Preposition the τῶν G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Plural last [ones hired] ἐσχάτων G2078 Adjective - Genitive Masculine Plural and moving on ἕως G2193 Preposition to the τῶν G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Plural first πρώτων G4413 Adjective - Genitive Masculine Plural
Verse 9

Original words

- Καὶ* G2532 Conjunction [The workers who were hired] οἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Plural about περὶ G4012 Preposition the τὴν G3588 Article - Accusative Feminine Singular eleventh ἑνδεκάτην G1734 Adjective - Accusative Feminine Singular hour ὥραν G5610 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular came [and] ἐλθόντες G2064 Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural each ἀνὰ G303 Adverb received ἔλαβον G2983 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural a denarius δηνάριον G1220 Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular
Verse 10

Original words

So when καὶ G2532 Conjunction the οἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Plural original [workers] πρῶτοι G4413 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural came ἐλθόντες G2064 Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural they assumed ἐνόμισαν G3543 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural - ὅτι G3754 Conjunction they would receive λήμψονται G2983 Verb - Future Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Plural more πλεῖον G4119 Adjective - Accusative Neuter Singular - Comparative But καὶ G2532 Conjunction each ἀνὰ G303 Adverb of them αὐτοί G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative Masculine 3rd Person Plural also καὶ G2532 Conjunction received ἔλαβον G2983 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural - τὸ G3588 Article - Accusative Neuter Singular a denarius δηνάριον G1220 Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular
Verse 11

Original words

- δὲ G1161 Conjunction On receiving [their pay] Λαβόντες G2983 Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural they began to grumble ἐγόγγυζον G1111 Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural against κατὰ G2596 Preposition the τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular landowner οἰκοδεσπότου G3617 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 12

Original words

These Οὗτοι G3778 Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Plural [men who were hired] οἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Plural last ἔσχατοι G2078 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural worked ἐποίησαν G4160 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural only one μίαν G1520 Adjective - Accusative Feminine Singular hour ὥραν G5610 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular they said λέγοντες G3004 Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural and καὶ G2532 Conjunction you have made ἐποίησας G4160 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 2nd Person Singular them αὐτοὺς G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Plural equal ἴσους G2470 Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural to us ἡμῖν G1473 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 1st Person Plural who τοῖς G3588 Article - Dative Masculine Plural have borne βαστάσασι G941 Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Dative Masculine Plural the τὸ G3588 Article - Accusative Neuter Singular burden βάρος G922 Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction the τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular scorching heat καύσωνα G2742 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular of the τῆς G3588 Article - Genitive Feminine Singular day ἡμέρας G2250 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular
Verse 13

Original words

But δὲ G1161 Conjunction - G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular he answered ἀποκριθεὶς G611 Verb - Aorist Participle Passive - Nominative Masculine Singular one ἑνὶ G1520 Adjective - Dative Masculine Singular of them αὐτῶν G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural - εἶπεν G2036 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular Friend Ἑταῖρε G2083 Noun - Vocative Masculine Singular vvv οὐκ G3756 Adverb I am not being unfair ἀδικῶ G91 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular to you σε G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative 2nd Person Singular vvv οὐχὶ G3780 IntPrtcl Did you not agree συνεφώνησάς G4856 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 2nd Person Singular with me μοι G1473 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 1st Person Singular on one denarius δηναρίου G1220 Noun - Genitive Neuter Singular
Verse 14

Original words

Take ἆρον G142 Verb - Aorist Imperative Active - 2nd Person Singular your σὸν G4674 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Neuter 2nd Person Singular [pay] τὸ G3588 Article - Accusative Neuter Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction go ὕπαγε G5217 Verb - Present Imperative Active - 2nd Person Singular - δὲ G1161 Conjunction I want θέλω G2309 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular to give δοῦναι G1325 Verb - Aorist Infinitive Active this τούτῳ G3778 Demonstrative Pronoun - Dative Masculine Singular - τῷ G3588 Article - Dative Masculine Singular last [man] ἐσχάτῳ G2078 Adjective - Dative Masculine Singular the same as ὡς G5613 Adverb [I gave] καὶ G2532 Conjunction you σοί G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 2nd Person Singular
Verse 15

Original words

vvv G2228 Conjunction vvv οὐκ G3756 Adverb Do I not have the right ἔξεστίν G1832 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular . . . μοι G1473 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 1st Person Singular to do ποιῆσαι G4160 Verb - Aorist Infinitive Active as G3739 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singular I please θέλω G2309 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular with ἐν G1722 Preposition what [is] τοῖς G3588 Article - Dative Neuter Plural mine ἐμοῖς G1699 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Neuter 1st Person Plural Or G2228 Conjunction are you ἐστιν G1510 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular . . . σου G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person Singular . . . G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular . . . ὀφθαλμός G3788 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular envious πονηρός G4190 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Singular because ὅτι G3754 Conjunction I ἐγὼ G1473 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 1st Person Singular am εἰμι G1510 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular generous ἀγαθός G18 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Singular
Verse 16

Original words

So Οὕτως G3779 Adverb the οἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Plural last ἔσχατοι G2078 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural will be ἔσονται G1510 Verb - Future Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Plural first πρῶτοι G4413 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural and καὶ G2532 Conjunction the οἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Plural first πρῶτοι G4413 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural [will be] last ἔσχατοι G2078 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural

BSB notes

  • BYZ and TR include For many are called, but few are chosen.

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.