Focused Passage

Matthew 20:1-16

The First-Last Kingdom, the Ransom-Giving Son of Man, and Mercy for the Blind

Matthew moves from the parable of equal wages and kingdom generosity, to the first-last reversal, to Jesus’ third passion prediction, to status-seeking by James and John, to Jesus’ teaching on servant greatness, to the climactic ransom saying, and finally to the healing of two blind men who cry to the Son of David for mercy and follow him.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1“For the kingdom of heaven is like a landowner who went out early in the morning to hire workers for his vineyard.

2He agreed to pay them a denarius for the day and sent them into his vineyard.

3About the third hour he went out and saw others standing in the marketplace doing nothing.

4‘You also go into my vineyard,’ he said, ‘and I will pay you whatever is right.’

5So they went. He went out again about the sixth hour and the ninth hour and did the same thing.

6About the eleventh hour he went out and found still others standing around. ‘Why have you been standing here all day long doing nothing?’ he asked.

7‘Because no one has hired us,’ they answered. So he told them, ‘You also go into my vineyard.’

8When evening came, the owner of the vineyard said to his foreman, ‘Call the workers and pay them their wages, starting with the last ones hired and moving on to the first.’

9The workers who were hired about the eleventh hour came and each received a denarius.

10So when the original workers came, they assumed they would receive more. But each of them also received a denarius.

11On receiving their pay, they began to grumble against the landowner.

12‘These men who were hired last worked only one hour,’ they said, ‘and you have made them equal to us who have borne the burden and the scorching heat of the day.’

13But he answered one of them, ‘Friend, I am not being unfair to you. Did you not agree with me on one denarius?

14Take your pay and go. I want to give this last man the same as I gave you.

15Do I not have the right to do as I please with what is mine? Or are you envious because I am generous?’

16So the last will be first, and the first will be last.”

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

ForγάρG1063ConjunctiontheG3588Article - Nominative Feminine SingularkingdomβασιλείαG932Noun - Nominative Feminine SingularofτῶνG3588Article - Genitive Masculine PluralheavenοὐρανῶνG3772Noun - Genitive Masculine PluralisἐστινG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularlikeὉμοίαG3664Adjective - Nominative Feminine SingularvvvἀνθρώπῳG444Noun - Dative Masculine Singulara landownerοἰκοδεσπότῃG3617Noun - Dative Masculine SingularwhoὅστιςG3748Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Singularwent outἐξῆλθενG1831Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singularearly inἅμαG260Preposition[the] morningπρωῒG4404Adverbto hireμισθώσασθαιG3409Verb - Aorist Infinitive MiddleworkersἐργάταςG2040Noun - Accusative Masculine PluralforεἰςG1519PrepositionhisαὐτοῦG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular-τὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularvineyardἀμπελῶναG290Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular
Verse 2

Original words

-δὲG1161ConjunctionHe agreedσυμφωνήσαςG4856Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Singular[to pay]μετὰG3326Preposition-τῶνG3588Article - Genitive Masculine Plural[them]ἐργατῶνG2040Noun - Genitive Masculine Plurala denariusδηναρίουG1220Noun - Genitive Neuter SingularforἐκG1537PrepositiontheτὴνG3588Article - Accusative Feminine SingulardayἡμέρανG2250Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular[and] sentἀπέστειλενG649Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularthemαὐτοὺςG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person PluralintoεἰςG1519PrepositionhisαὐτοῦG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular-τὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularvineyardἀμπελῶναG290Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular

BSB notes

  • A denarius was customarily a day’s wage for a laborer; similarly in verses 9, 10, and 13.
Verse 3

Original words

-ΚαὶG2532ConjunctionAboutπερὶG4012Prepositionthe thirdτρίτηνG5154Adjective - Accusative Feminine SingularhourὥρανG5610Noun - Accusative Feminine Singularhe went outἐξελθὼνG1831Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Singular[and] sawεἶδενG3708Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularothersἄλλουςG243Adjective - Accusative Masculine PluralstandingἑστῶταςG2476Verb - Perfect Participle Active - Accusative Masculine PluralinἐνG1722PrepositiontheτῇG3588Article - Dative Feminine SingularmarketplaceἀγορᾷG58Noun - Dative Feminine Singulardoing nothingἀργούςG692Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural

BSB notes

  • That is, about nine in the morning
Verse 4

Original words

YouὑμεῖςG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 2nd Person PluralalsoκαὶG2532ConjunctiongoὙπάγετεG5217Verb - Present Imperative Active - 2nd Person PluralintoεἰςG1519Preposition[my]τὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularvineyardἀμπελῶναG290Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular-καὶG2532Conjunctionhe saidεἶπενG2036Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular-ἐκείνοιςG1565Demonstrative Pronoun - Dative Masculine PluralandκαὶG2532ConjunctionI will payδώσωG1325Verb - Future Indicative Active - 1st Person SingularyouὑμῖνG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 2nd Person PluralwhateverG3739Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Neuter Singular. . .ἐὰνG1437ConjunctionisG1510Verb - Present Subjunctive Active - 3rd Person SingularrightδίκαιονG1342Adjective - Nominative Neuter Singular
Verse 5

Original words

SoδὲG1161Conjunction-οἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine Pluralthey wentἀπῆλθονG565Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural-δὲG1161ConjunctionHe went outἐξελθὼνG1831Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine SingularagainΠάλινG3825AdverbaboutπερὶG4012Preposition[the] sixth [hour]ἕκτηνG1623Adjective - Accusative Feminine SingularandκαὶG2532Conjunction[the] ninthἐνάτηνG1766Adjective - Accusative Feminine SingularhourὥρανG5610Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular[and] didἐποίησενG4160Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singularthe same thingὡσαύτωςG5615Adverb

BSB notes

  • That is, about noon and again about three in the afternoon
Verse 6

Original words

-δὲG1161ConjunctionAboutΠερὶG4012PrepositiontheτὴνG3588Article - Accusative Feminine Singulareleventh [hour]ἑνδεκάτηνG1734Adjective - Accusative Feminine Singularhe went outἐξελθὼνG1831Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Singular[and] foundεὗρενG2147Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singularstill othersἄλλουςG243Adjective - Accusative Masculine Pluralstanding [around]ἑστῶταςG2476Verb - Perfect Participle Active - Accusative Masculine PluralWhyΤίG5101Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singularhave you been standingἑστήκατεG2476Verb - Perfect Indicative Active - 2nd Person PluralhereὧδεG5602AdverballὅληνG3650Adjective - Accusative Feminine Singular-τὴνG3588Article - Accusative Feminine Singularday [long]ἡμέρανG2250Noun - Accusative Feminine Singulardoing nothingἀργοίG692Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural-καὶG2532Conjunctionhe askedλέγειG3004Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular. . .αὐτοῖςG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Plural

BSB notes

  • That is, about five in the afternoon; also in verse 9
Verse 7

Original words

BecauseὍτιG3754Conjunctionno oneοὐδεὶςG3762Adjective - Nominative Masculine Singularhas hiredἐμισθώσατοG3409Verb - Aorist Indicative Middle - 3rd Person SingularusἡμᾶςG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative 1st Person Pluralthey answeredΛέγουσινG3004Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural. . .αὐτῷG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person SingularSo he toldΛέγειG3004Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularthemαὐτοῖςG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person PluralYouὑμεῖςG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 2nd Person PluralalsoκαὶG2532ConjunctiongoὙπάγετεG5217Verb - Present Imperative Active - 2nd Person PluralintoεἰςG1519Preposition[my]τὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularvineyardἀμπελῶναG290Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular

BSB notes

  • BYZ and TR include and whatever is right, you shall receive.
Verse 8

Original words

WhenδὲG1161ConjunctioneveningὈψίαςG3798Adjective - Genitive Feminine SingularcameγενομένηςG1096Verb - Aorist Participle Middle - Genitive Feminine SingulartheG3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingularownerκύριοςG2962Noun - Nominative Masculine Singularof theτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularvineyardἀμπελῶνοςG290Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularsaidλέγειG3004Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingulartoτῷG3588Article - Dative Masculine SingularhisαὐτοῦG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person SingularforemanἐπιτρόπῳG2012Noun - Dative Masculine SingularCallΚάλεσονG2564Verb - Aorist Imperative Active - 2nd Person SingulartheτοὺςG3588Article - Accusative Masculine PluralworkersἐργάταςG2040Noun - Accusative Masculine PluralandκαὶG2532ConjunctionpayἀπόδοςG591Verb - Aorist Imperative Active - 2nd Person SingularthemαὐτοῖςG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Plural[their]τὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularwagesμισθόνG3408Noun - Accusative Masculine SingularstartingἀρξάμενοςG756Verb - Aorist Participle Middle - Nominative Masculine SingularwithἀπὸG575PrepositiontheτῶνG3588Article - Genitive Masculine Plurallast [ones hired]ἐσχάτωνG2078Adjective - Genitive Masculine Pluraland moving onἕωςG2193Prepositionto theτῶνG3588Article - Genitive Masculine PluralfirstπρώτωνG4413Adjective - Genitive Masculine Plural
Verse 9

Original words

-Καὶ*G2532Conjunction[The workers who were hired]οἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine PluralaboutπερὶG4012PrepositiontheτὴνG3588Article - Accusative Feminine SingulareleventhἑνδεκάτηνG1734Adjective - Accusative Feminine SingularhourὥρανG5610Noun - Accusative Feminine Singularcame [and]ἐλθόντεςG2064Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine PluraleachἀνὰG303AdverbreceivedἔλαβονG2983Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plurala denariusδηνάριονG1220Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular
Verse 10

Original words

So whenκαὶG2532ConjunctiontheοἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine Pluraloriginal [workers]πρῶτοιG4413Adjective - Nominative Masculine PluralcameἐλθόντεςG2064Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Pluralthey assumedἐνόμισανG3543Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural-ὅτιG3754Conjunctionthey would receiveλήμψονταιG2983Verb - Future Indicative Middle - 3rd Person PluralmoreπλεῖονG4119Adjective - Accusative Neuter Singular - ComparativeButκαὶG2532ConjunctioneachἀνὰG303Adverbof themαὐτοίG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative Masculine 3rd Person PluralalsoκαὶG2532ConjunctionreceivedἔλαβονG2983Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural-τὸG3588Article - Accusative Neuter Singulara denariusδηνάριονG1220Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular
Verse 11

Original words

-δὲG1161ConjunctionOn receiving [their pay]ΛαβόντεςG2983Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Pluralthey began to grumbleἐγόγγυζονG1111Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person PluralagainstκατὰG2596PrepositiontheτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularlandownerοἰκοδεσπότουG3617Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 12

Original words

TheseΟὗτοιG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Plural[men who were hired]οἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine PlurallastἔσχατοιG2078Adjective - Nominative Masculine PluralworkedἐποίησανG4160Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Pluralonly oneμίανG1520Adjective - Accusative Feminine SingularhourὥρανG5610Noun - Accusative Feminine Singularthey saidλέγοντεςG3004Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine PluralandκαὶG2532Conjunctionyou have madeἐποίησαςG4160Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 2nd Person SingularthemαὐτοὺςG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person PluralequalἴσουςG2470Adjective - Accusative Masculine Pluralto usἡμῖνG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 1st Person PluralwhoτοῖςG3588Article - Dative Masculine Pluralhave borneβαστάσασιG941Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Dative Masculine PluraltheτὸG3588Article - Accusative Neuter SingularburdenβάροςG922Noun - Accusative Neuter SingularandκαὶG2532ConjunctiontheτὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine Singularscorching heatκαύσωναG2742Noun - Accusative Masculine Singularof theτῆςG3588Article - Genitive Feminine SingulardayἡμέραςG2250Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular
Verse 13

Original words

ButδὲG1161Conjunction-G3588Article - Nominative Masculine Singularhe answeredἀποκριθεὶςG611Verb - Aorist Participle Passive - Nominative Masculine SingularoneἑνὶG1520Adjective - Dative Masculine Singularof themαὐτῶνG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural-εἶπενG2036Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularFriendἙταῖρεG2083Noun - Vocative Masculine SingularvvvοὐκG3756AdverbI am not being unfairἀδικῶG91Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person Singularto youσεG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative 2nd Person SingularvvvοὐχὶG3780IntPrtclDid you not agreeσυνεφώνησάςG4856Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 2nd Person Singularwith meμοιG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 1st Person Singularon one denariusδηναρίουG1220Noun - Genitive Neuter Singular
Verse 14

Original words

TakeἆρονG142Verb - Aorist Imperative Active - 2nd Person SingularyourσὸνG4674Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Neuter 2nd Person Singular[pay]τὸG3588Article - Accusative Neuter SingularandκαὶG2532ConjunctiongoὕπαγεG5217Verb - Present Imperative Active - 2nd Person Singular-δὲG1161ConjunctionI wantθέλωG2309Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person Singularto giveδοῦναιG1325Verb - Aorist Infinitive ActivethisτούτῳG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Dative Masculine Singular-τῷG3588Article - Dative Masculine Singularlast [man]ἐσχάτῳG2078Adjective - Dative Masculine Singularthe same asὡςG5613Adverb[I gave]καὶG2532ConjunctionyouσοίG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 2nd Person Singular
Verse 15

Original words

vvvG2228ConjunctionvvvοὐκG3756AdverbDo I not have the rightἔξεστίνG1832Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular. . .μοιG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 1st Person Singularto doποιῆσαιG4160Verb - Aorist Infinitive ActiveasG3739Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter SingularI pleaseθέλωG2309Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person SingularwithἐνG1722Prepositionwhat [is]τοῖςG3588Article - Dative Neuter PluralmineἐμοῖςG1699Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Neuter 1st Person PluralOrG2228Conjunctionare youἐστινG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular. . .σουG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person Singular. . .G3588Article - Nominative Masculine Singular. . .ὀφθαλμόςG3788Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularenviousπονηρόςG4190Adjective - Nominative Masculine SingularbecauseὅτιG3754ConjunctionIἐγὼG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 1st Person SingularamεἰμιG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person SingulargenerousἀγαθόςG18Adjective - Nominative Masculine Singular
Verse 16

Original words

SoΟὕτωςG3779AdverbtheοἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine PlurallastἔσχατοιG2078Adjective - Nominative Masculine Pluralwill beἔσονταιG1510Verb - Future Indicative Middle - 3rd Person PluralfirstπρῶτοιG4413Adjective - Nominative Masculine PluralandκαὶG2532ConjunctiontheοἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine PluralfirstπρῶτοιG4413Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural[will be] lastἔσχατοιG2078Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural

BSB notes

  • BYZ and TR include For many are called, but few are chosen.

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.