Focused Passage

Romans 2:1-16

God’s Righteous Judgment and the Exposure of Religious Presumption

Paul moves from the condemnation of hypocritical judging, to the certainty of impartial judgment, to the accountability of those with and without the law, to the exposure of Jewish covenant presumption, and finally to the need for inward heart circumcision by the Spirit.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1You, therefore, have no excuse, you who pass judgment on another. For on whatever grounds you judge the other, you are condemning yourself, because you who pass judgment do the same things.

2And we know that God’s judgment against those who do such things is based on truth.

3So when you, O man, pass judgment on others, yet do the same things, do you think you will escape God’s judgment?

4Or do you disregard the riches of His kindness, tolerance, and patience, not realizing that God’s kindness leads you to repentance?

5But because of your hard and unrepentant heart, you are storing up wrath against yourself for the day of wrath, when God’s righteous judgment will be revealed.

6God “will repay each one according to his deeds.”

7To those who by perseverance in doing good seek glory, honor, and immortality, He will give eternal life.

8But for those who are self-seeking and who reject the truth and follow wickedness, there will be wrath and anger.

9There will be trouble and distress for every human being who does evil, first for the Jew, then for the Greek;

10but glory, honor, and peace for everyone who does good, first for the Jew, then for the Greek.

11For God does not show favoritism.

12All who sin apart from the law will also perish apart from the law, and all who sin under the law will be judged by the law.

13For it is not the hearers of the law who are righteous before God, but it is the doers of the law who will be declared righteous.

14Indeed, when Gentiles, who do not have the law, do by nature what the law requires, they are a law to themselves, even though they do not have the law.

15So they show that the work of the law is written on their hearts, their consciences also bearing witness, and their thoughts either accusing or defending them

16on the day when God will judge men’s secrets through Christ Jesus, as proclaimed by my gospel.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

YouεἶG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person SingularthereforeΔιὸG1352Conjunctionhave no excuseἀναπολόγητοςG379Adjective - Nominative Masculine Singular-G5599Interjection[you]ἄνθρωπεG444Noun - Vocative Masculine SingularwhoπᾶςG3956Adjective - Vocative Masculine Singular-G3588Article - Vocative Masculine Singularpass judgment [on another]κρίνωνG2919Verb - Present Participle Active - Vocative Masculine SingularForγὰρG1063ConjunctiononἐνG1722Prepositionwhatever groundsG3739Personal / Relative Pronoun - Dative Neuter Singularyou judgeκρίνειςG2919Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person SingulartheτὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularotherἕτερονG2087Adjective - Accusative Masculine Singularyou are condemningκατακρίνειςG2632Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person SingularyourselfσεαυτὸνG4572Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 2nd Person SingularbecauseγὰρG1063Conjunction[you who]G3588Article - Nominative Masculine Singularpass judgmentκρίνωνG2919Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine SingulardoπράσσειςG4238Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person SingulartheτὰG3588Article - Accusative Neuter Pluralsame thingsαὐτὰG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Neuter 3rd Person Plural
Verse 2

Original words

AndδὲG1161Conjunctionwe knowοἴδαμενG1492Verb - Perfect Indicative Active - 1st Person PluralthatὅτιG3754Conjunction-τὸG3588Article - Nominative Neuter Singular-τοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularGod’sΘεοῦG2316Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularjudgmentκρίμαG2917Noun - Nominative Neuter SingularagainstἐπὶG1909Prepositionthose whoτοὺςG3588Article - Accusative Masculine PluraldoπράσσονταςG4238Verb - Present Participle Active - Accusative Masculine Plural-τὰG3588Article - Accusative Neuter Pluralsuch thingsτοιαῦταG5108Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter PluralisἐστινG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singularbased onκατὰG2596PrepositiontruthἀλήθειανG225Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular
Verse 3

Original words

[So when]δὲG1161Conjunction[you]G3588Article - Vocative Masculine SingularOG5599InterjectionmanἄνθρωπεG444Noun - Vocative Masculine Singularpass judgment onκρίνωνG2919Verb - Present Participle Active - Vocative Masculine Singular[others]τοὺςG3588Article - Accusative Masculine Plural. . .τὰG3588Article - Accusative Neuter PluralyetκαὶG2532ConjunctiondoποιῶνG4160Verb - Present Participle Active - Vocative Masculine Singular-αὐτάG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Neuter 3rd Person Pluralthe same thingsτοιαῦταG5108Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Plural. . .πράσσονταςG4238Verb - Present Participle Active - Accusative Masculine Pluraldo you thinkλογίζῃG3049Verb - Present Indicative Middle or Passive - 2nd Person Singular-τοῦτοG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singular-ὅτιG3754ConjunctionyouσὺG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 2nd Person Singularwill escapeἐκφεύξῃG1628Verb - Future Indicative Middle - 2nd Person Singular-τὸG3588Article - Accusative Neuter Singular-τοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularGod’sΘεοῦG2316Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularjudgmentκρίμαG2917Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular
Verse 4

Original words

OrG2228Conjunctiondo you disregardκαταφρονεῖςG2706Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person SingulartheτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularrichesπλούτουG4149Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularofτῆςG3588Article - Genitive Feminine SingularHisαὐτοῦG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person SingularkindnessχρηστότητοςG5544Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular-καὶG2532Conjunction-τῆςG3588Article - Genitive Feminine SingulartoleranceἀνοχῆςG463Noun - Genitive Feminine SingularandκαὶG2532Conjunction-τῆςG3588Article - Genitive Feminine SingularpatienceμακροθυμίαςG3115Noun - Genitive Feminine Singularnot realizingἀγνοῶνG50Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine SingularthatὅτιG3754Conjunction-τὸG3588Article - Nominative Neuter Singular-τοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularGod’sΘεοῦG2316Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularkindnessχρηστὸνG5543Adjective - Nominative Neuter SingularleadsἄγειG71Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularyouσεG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative 2nd Person SingulartoεἰςG1519PrepositionrepentanceμετάνοιάνG3341Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular
Verse 5

Original words

ButδὲG1161Conjunctionbecause ofΚατὰG2596PrepositionyourσουG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person Singular-τὴνG3588Article - Accusative Feminine SingularhardσκληρότητάG4643Noun - Accusative Feminine SingularandκαὶG2532ConjunctionunrepentantἀμετανόητονG279Adjective - Accusative Feminine SingularheartκαρδίανG2588Noun - Accusative Feminine Singularyou are storing upθησαυρίζειςG2343Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person SingularwrathὀργὴνG3709Noun - Accusative Feminine Singularagainst yourselfσεαυτῷG4572Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 2nd Person SingularforἐνG1722Preposition[the] dayἡμέρᾳG2250Noun - Dative Feminine Singularof wrathὀργῆςG3709Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular[when]καὶG2532Conjunction-τοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularGod’sΘεοῦG2316Noun - Genitive Masculine Singularrighteous judgmentδικαιοκρισίαςG1341Noun - Genitive Feminine Singularwill be revealedἀποκαλύψεωςG602Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular
Verse 6

Original words

[God]ὃςG3739Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Singularwill repayἈποδώσειG591Verb - Future Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singulareach oneἑκάστῳG1538Adjective - Dative Masculine Singularaccording toκατὰG2596PrepositionhisαὐτοῦG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular-τὰG3588Article - Accusative Neuter PluraldeedsἔργαG2041Noun - Accusative Neuter Plural

BSB notes

  • Psalm 62:12
Verse 7

Original words

To those whoτοῖςG3588Article - Dative Masculine Plural-μὲνG3303Conjunctionbyκαθ’G2596PrepositionperseveranceὑπομονὴνG5281Noun - Accusative Feminine Singularin doingἔργουG2041Noun - Genitive Neuter SingulargoodἀγαθοῦG18Adjective - Genitive Neuter SingularseekζητοῦσινG2212Verb - Present Participle Active - Dative Masculine PluralgloryδόξανG1391Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular-καὶG2532ConjunctionhonorτιμὴνG5092Noun - Accusative Feminine SingularandκαὶG2532ConjunctionimmortalityἀφθαρσίανG861Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular[He will give] eternalαἰώνιονG166Adjective - Accusative Feminine SingularlifeζωὴνG2222Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular
Verse 8

Original words

ButδὲG1161Conjunctionfor those whoτοῖςG3588Article - Dative Masculine PluralvvvἐξG1537Preposition[are] self-seekingἐριθείαςG2052Noun - Genitive Feminine SingularandκαὶG2532Conjunctionwho rejectἀπειθοῦσιG544Verb - Present Participle Active - Dative Masculine PluraltheτῇG3588Article - Dative Feminine SingulartruthἀληθείᾳG225Noun - Dative Feminine SingularandδὲG1161ConjunctionfollowπειθομένοιςG3982Verb - Present Participle Passive - Dative Masculine Plural-τῇG3588Article - Dative Feminine SingularwickednessἀδικίᾳG93Noun - Dative Feminine Singular[there will be] wrathὀργὴG3709Noun - Nominative Feminine SingularandκαὶG2532ConjunctionangerθυμόςG2372Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular
Verse 9

Original words

[There will be] troubleθλῖψιςG2347Noun - Nominative Feminine SingularandκαὶG2532ConjunctiondistressστενοχωρίαG4730Noun - Nominative Feminine SingularforἐπὶG1909PrepositioneveryπᾶσανG3956Adjective - Accusative Feminine SingularhumanἀνθρώπουG444Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularbeingψυχὴνG5590Noun - Accusative Feminine SingularwhoτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingulardoesκατεργαζομένουG2716Verb - Present Participle Middle or Passive - Genitive Masculine Singular-τὸG3588Article - Accusative Neuter SingularevilκακόνG2556Adjective - Accusative Neuter Singular-τεG5037ConjunctionfirstπρῶτονG4412Adverb - Superlativefor the JewἸουδαίουG2453Adjective - Genitive Masculine SingularthenκαὶG2532Conjunctionfor the GreekἝλληνοςG1672Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 10

Original words

butδὲG1161ConjunctiongloryδόξαG1391Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular-καὶG2532ConjunctionhonorτιμὴG5092Noun - Nominative Feminine SingularandκαὶG2532ConjunctionpeaceεἰρήνηG1515Noun - Nominative Feminine Singularfor everyoneπαντὶG3956Adjective - Dative Masculine SingularwhoτῷG3588Article - Dative Masculine SingulardoesἐργαζομένῳG2038Verb - Present Participle Middle or Passive - Dative Masculine Singular-τὸG3588Article - Accusative Neuter SingulargoodἀγαθόνG18Adjective - Accusative Neuter Singular-τεG5037ConjunctionfirstἸουδαίῳG2453Adjective - Dative Masculine Singularfor the JewπρῶτονG4412Adverb - SuperlativethenκαὶG2532Conjunctionfor the GreekἝλληνιG1672Noun - Dative Masculine Singular
Verse 11

Original words

ForγάρG1063Conjunction-παρὰG3844Preposition-τῷG3588Article - Dative Masculine SingularGodΘεῷG2316Noun - Dative Masculine Singulardoes not showἐστινG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular. . .οὐG3756AdverbfavoritismπροσωπολημψίαG4382Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular
Verse 12

Original words

-γὰρG1063ConjunctionAll whoὍσοιG3745Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine PluralsinἥμαρτονG264Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Pluralapart from the lawἀνόμωςG460AdverbvvvκαὶG2532Conjunctionwill also perishἀπολοῦνταιG622Verb - Future Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Pluralapart from the lawἀνόμωςG460AdverbandκαὶG2532Conjunctionall whoὅσοιG3745Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine PluralsinἥμαρτονG264Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person PluralunderἐνG1722Preposition[the] lawνόμῳG3551Noun - Dative Masculine Singularwill be judgedκριθήσονταιG2919Verb - Future Indicative Passive - 3rd Person PluralbyδιὰG1223Preposition[the] lawνόμουG3551Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 13

Original words

For [it is]γὰρG1063ConjunctionnotοὐG3756AdverbtheοἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine PluralhearersἀκροαταὶG202Noun - Nominative Masculine Pluralof [the] lawνόμουG3551Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular[who are] righteousδίκαιοιG1342Adjective - Nominative Masculine PluralbeforeπαρὰG3844Preposition-τῷG3588Article - Dative Masculine SingularGodΘεῷG2316Noun - Dative Masculine Singularbut [it is]ἀλλ’G235ConjunctiontheοἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine PluraldoersποιηταὶG4163Noun - Nominative Masculine Pluralof [the] lawνόμουG3551Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular[who] will be declared righteousδικαιωθήσονταιG1344Verb - Future Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Plural
Verse 14

Original words

IndeedγὰρG1063ConjunctionwhenὍτανG3752ConjunctionGentilesἔθνηG1484Noun - Nominative Neuter PluralwhoτὰG3588Article - Nominative Neuter PluralvvvμὴG3361Adverbdo not haveἔχονταG2192Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Neuter Plural[the] lawνόμονG3551Noun - Accusative Masculine SingulardoποιῶσινG4160Verb - Present Subjunctive Active - 3rd Person Pluralby natureφύσειG5449Noun - Dative Feminine SingularwhatτὰG3588Article - Accusative Neuter PluraltheτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine Singularlaw [requires]νόμουG3551Noun - Genitive Masculine Singularthey areεἰσινG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plurala lawνόμοςG3551Noun - Nominative Masculine Singularto themselvesἑαυτοῖςG1438Reflexive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Plural[even though] theyοὗτοιG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine PluralvvvμὴG3361Adverbdo not haveἔχοντεςG2192Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural[the] lawνόμονG3551Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular
Verse 15

Original words

[So] theyοἵτινεςG3748Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Pluralshow [that]ἐνδείκνυνταιG1731Verb - Present Indicative Middle - 3rd Person PluraltheτὸG3588Article - Accusative Neuter SingularworkἔργονG2041Noun - Accusative Neuter Singularof theτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularlawνόμουG3551Noun - Genitive Masculine Singularis writtenγραπτὸνG1123Adjective - Accusative Neuter SingularonἐνG1722PrepositiontheirαὐτῶνG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural-ταῖςG3588Article - Dative Feminine PluralheartsκαρδίαιςG2588Noun - Dative Feminine PluraltheirαὐτῶνG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural-τῆςG3588Article - Genitive Feminine SingularconsciencesσυνειδήσεωςG4893Noun - Genitive Feminine SingularalsoκαὶG2532Conjunctionbearing witnessσυμμαρτυρούσηςG4828Verb - Present Participle Active - Genitive Feminine Singular[and] theirἀλλήλωνG240Personal / Reciprocal Pronoun - Genitive Masculine Plural-τῶνG3588Article - Genitive Masculine PluralthoughtsλογισμῶνG3053Noun - Genitive Masculine PluraleitherμεταξὺG3342PrepositionaccusingκατηγορούντωνG2723Verb - Present Participle Active - Genitive Masculine PluralorG2228Conjunction-καὶG2532Conjunctiondefending [them]ἀπολογουμένωνG626Verb - Present Participle Middle or Passive - Genitive Masculine Plural
Verse 16

Original words

onἐνG1722Prepositionthe〈ᾗ〉G3739Personal / Relative Pronoun - Dative Feminine SingulardayἡμέρᾳG2250Noun - Dative Feminine SingularwhenὅτεG3753Adverb-G3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingularGodΘεὸςG2316Noun - Nominative Masculine Singularwill judgeκρίνειG2919Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular-τῶνG3588Article - Genitive Masculine Pluralmen’sἀνθρώπωνG444Noun - Genitive Masculine Plural-τὰG3588Article - Accusative Neuter PluralsecretsκρυπτὰG2927Adjective - Accusative Neuter PluralthroughδιὰG1223PrepositionChristΧριστοῦG5547Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularJesusἸησοῦG2424Noun - Genitive Masculine Singularas proclaimed byκατὰG2596PrepositionmyμουG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Singular-τὸG3588Article - Accusative Neuter SingulargospelεὐαγγέλιόνG2098Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular

BSB notes

  • BYZ and TR through Jesus Christ

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.