Focused Passage

Romans 2:1-16

God’s Righteous Judgment and the Exposure of Religious Presumption

Paul moves from the condemnation of hypocritical judging, to the certainty of impartial judgment, to the accountability of those with and without the law, to the exposure of Jewish covenant presumption, and finally to the need for inward heart circumcision by the Spirit.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1 You, therefore, have no excuse, you who pass judgment on another. For on whatever grounds you judge the other, you are condemning yourself, because you who pass judgment do the same things.

2 And we know that God’s judgment against those who do such things is based on truth.

3 So when you, O man, pass judgment on others, yet do the same things, do you think you will escape God’s judgment?

4 Or do you disregard the riches of His kindness, tolerance, and patience, not realizing that God’s kindness leads you to repentance?

5 But because of your hard and unrepentant heart, you are storing up wrath against yourself for the day of wrath, when God’s righteous judgment will be revealed.

6 God “will repay each one according to his deeds.”

7 To those who by perseverance in doing good seek glory, honor, and immortality, He will give eternal life.

8 But for those who are self-seeking and who reject the truth and follow wickedness, there will be wrath and anger.

9 There will be trouble and distress for every human being who does evil, first for the Jew, then for the Greek;

10 but glory, honor, and peace for everyone who does good, first for the Jew, then for the Greek.

11 For God does not show favoritism.

12 All who sin apart from the law will also perish apart from the law, and all who sin under the law will be judged by the law.

13 For it is not the hearers of the law who are righteous before God, but it is the doers of the law who will be declared righteous.

14 Indeed, when Gentiles, who do not have the law, do by nature what the law requires, they are a law to themselves, even though they do not have the law.

15 So they show that the work of the law is written on their hearts, their consciences also bearing witness, and their thoughts either accusing or defending them

16 on the day when God will judge men’s secrets through Christ Jesus, as proclaimed by my gospel.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

You εἶ G1510 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person Singular therefore Διὸ G1352 Conjunction have no excuse ἀναπολόγητος G379 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Singular - G5599 Interjection [you] ἄνθρωπε G444 Noun - Vocative Masculine Singular who πᾶς G3956 Adjective - Vocative Masculine Singular - G3588 Article - Vocative Masculine Singular pass judgment [on another] κρίνων G2919 Verb - Present Participle Active - Vocative Masculine Singular For γὰρ G1063 Conjunction on ἐν G1722 Preposition whatever grounds G3739 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Dative Neuter Singular you judge κρίνεις G2919 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person Singular the τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular other ἕτερον G2087 Adjective - Accusative Masculine Singular you are condemning κατακρίνεις G2632 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person Singular yourself σεαυτὸν G4572 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 2nd Person Singular because γὰρ G1063 Conjunction [you who] G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular pass judgment κρίνων G2919 Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Singular do πράσσεις G4238 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person Singular the τὰ G3588 Article - Accusative Neuter Plural same things αὐτὰ G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Neuter 3rd Person Plural
Verse 2

Original words

And δὲ G1161 Conjunction we know οἴδαμεν G1492 Verb - Perfect Indicative Active - 1st Person Plural that ὅτι G3754 Conjunction - τὸ G3588 Article - Nominative Neuter Singular - τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular God’s Θεοῦ G2316 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular judgment κρίμα G2917 Noun - Nominative Neuter Singular against ἐπὶ G1909 Preposition those who τοὺς G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Plural do πράσσοντας G4238 Verb - Present Participle Active - Accusative Masculine Plural - τὰ G3588 Article - Accusative Neuter Plural such things τοιαῦτα G5108 Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Plural is ἐστιν G1510 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular based on κατὰ G2596 Preposition truth ἀλήθειαν G225 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular
Verse 3

Original words

[So when] δὲ G1161 Conjunction [you] G3588 Article - Vocative Masculine Singular O G5599 Interjection man ἄνθρωπε G444 Noun - Vocative Masculine Singular pass judgment on κρίνων G2919 Verb - Present Participle Active - Vocative Masculine Singular [others] τοὺς G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Plural . . . τὰ G3588 Article - Accusative Neuter Plural yet καὶ G2532 Conjunction do ποιῶν G4160 Verb - Present Participle Active - Vocative Masculine Singular - αὐτά G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Neuter 3rd Person Plural the same things τοιαῦτα G5108 Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Plural . . . πράσσοντας G4238 Verb - Present Participle Active - Accusative Masculine Plural do you think λογίζῃ G3049 Verb - Present Indicative Middle or Passive - 2nd Person Singular - τοῦτο G3778 Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singular - ὅτι G3754 Conjunction you σὺ G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 2nd Person Singular will escape ἐκφεύξῃ G1628 Verb - Future Indicative Middle - 2nd Person Singular - τὸ G3588 Article - Accusative Neuter Singular - τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular God’s Θεοῦ G2316 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular judgment κρίμα G2917 Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular
Verse 4

Original words

Or G2228 Conjunction do you disregard καταφρονεῖς G2706 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person Singular the τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular riches πλούτου G4149 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular of τῆς G3588 Article - Genitive Feminine Singular His αὐτοῦ G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular kindness χρηστότητος G5544 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular - καὶ G2532 Conjunction - τῆς G3588 Article - Genitive Feminine Singular tolerance ἀνοχῆς G463 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction - τῆς G3588 Article - Genitive Feminine Singular patience μακροθυμίας G3115 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular not realizing ἀγνοῶν G50 Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Singular that ὅτι G3754 Conjunction - τὸ G3588 Article - Nominative Neuter Singular - τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular God’s Θεοῦ G2316 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular kindness χρηστὸν G5543 Adjective - Nominative Neuter Singular leads ἄγει G71 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular you σε G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative 2nd Person Singular to εἰς G1519 Preposition repentance μετάνοιάν G3341 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular
Verse 5

Original words

But δὲ G1161 Conjunction because of Κατὰ G2596 Preposition your σου G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person Singular - τὴν G3588 Article - Accusative Feminine Singular hard σκληρότητά G4643 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction unrepentant ἀμετανόητον G279 Adjective - Accusative Feminine Singular heart καρδίαν G2588 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular you are storing up θησαυρίζεις G2343 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person Singular wrath ὀργὴν G3709 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular against yourself σεαυτῷ G4572 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 2nd Person Singular for ἐν G1722 Preposition [the] day ἡμέρᾳ G2250 Noun - Dative Feminine Singular of wrath ὀργῆς G3709 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular [when] καὶ G2532 Conjunction - τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular God’s Θεοῦ G2316 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular righteous judgment δικαιοκρισίας G1341 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular will be revealed ἀποκαλύψεως G602 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular
Verse 6

Original words

[God] ὃς G3739 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Singular will repay Ἀποδώσει G591 Verb - Future Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular each one ἑκάστῳ G1538 Adjective - Dative Masculine Singular according to κατὰ G2596 Preposition his αὐτοῦ G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular - τὰ G3588 Article - Accusative Neuter Plural deeds ἔργα G2041 Noun - Accusative Neuter Plural

BSB notes

  • Psalm 62:12
Verse 7

Original words

To those who τοῖς G3588 Article - Dative Masculine Plural - μὲν G3303 Conjunction by καθ’ G2596 Preposition perseverance ὑπομονὴν G5281 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular in doing ἔργου G2041 Noun - Genitive Neuter Singular good ἀγαθοῦ G18 Adjective - Genitive Neuter Singular seek ζητοῦσιν G2212 Verb - Present Participle Active - Dative Masculine Plural glory δόξαν G1391 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular - καὶ G2532 Conjunction honor τιμὴν G5092 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction immortality ἀφθαρσίαν G861 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular [He will give] eternal αἰώνιον G166 Adjective - Accusative Feminine Singular life ζωὴν G2222 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular
Verse 8

Original words

But δὲ G1161 Conjunction for those who τοῖς G3588 Article - Dative Masculine Plural vvv ἐξ G1537 Preposition [are] self-seeking ἐριθείας G2052 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction who reject ἀπειθοῦσι G544 Verb - Present Participle Active - Dative Masculine Plural the τῇ G3588 Article - Dative Feminine Singular truth ἀληθείᾳ G225 Noun - Dative Feminine Singular and δὲ G1161 Conjunction follow πειθομένοις G3982 Verb - Present Participle Passive - Dative Masculine Plural - τῇ G3588 Article - Dative Feminine Singular wickedness ἀδικίᾳ G93 Noun - Dative Feminine Singular [there will be] wrath ὀργὴ G3709 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction anger θυμός G2372 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular
Verse 9

Original words

[There will be] trouble θλῖψις G2347 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction distress στενοχωρία G4730 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular for ἐπὶ G1909 Preposition every πᾶσαν G3956 Adjective - Accusative Feminine Singular human ἀνθρώπου G444 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular being ψυχὴν G5590 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular who τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular does κατεργαζομένου G2716 Verb - Present Participle Middle or Passive - Genitive Masculine Singular - τὸ G3588 Article - Accusative Neuter Singular evil κακόν G2556 Adjective - Accusative Neuter Singular - τε G5037 Conjunction first πρῶτον G4412 Adverb - Superlative for the Jew Ἰουδαίου G2453 Adjective - Genitive Masculine Singular then καὶ G2532 Conjunction for the Greek Ἕλληνος G1672 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 10

Original words

but δὲ G1161 Conjunction glory δόξα G1391 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular - καὶ G2532 Conjunction honor τιμὴ G5092 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction peace εἰρήνη G1515 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular for everyone παντὶ G3956 Adjective - Dative Masculine Singular who τῷ G3588 Article - Dative Masculine Singular does ἐργαζομένῳ G2038 Verb - Present Participle Middle or Passive - Dative Masculine Singular - τὸ G3588 Article - Accusative Neuter Singular good ἀγαθόν G18 Adjective - Accusative Neuter Singular - τε G5037 Conjunction first Ἰουδαίῳ G2453 Adjective - Dative Masculine Singular for the Jew πρῶτον G4412 Adverb - Superlative then καὶ G2532 Conjunction for the Greek Ἕλληνι G1672 Noun - Dative Masculine Singular
Verse 11

Original words

For γάρ G1063 Conjunction - παρὰ G3844 Preposition - τῷ G3588 Article - Dative Masculine Singular God Θεῷ G2316 Noun - Dative Masculine Singular does not show ἐστιν G1510 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular . . . οὐ G3756 Adverb favoritism προσωπολημψία G4382 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular
Verse 12

Original words

- γὰρ G1063 Conjunction All who Ὅσοι G3745 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Plural sin ἥμαρτον G264 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural apart from the law ἀνόμως G460 Adverb vvv καὶ G2532 Conjunction will also perish ἀπολοῦνται G622 Verb - Future Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Plural apart from the law ἀνόμως G460 Adverb and καὶ G2532 Conjunction all who ὅσοι G3745 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Plural sin ἥμαρτον G264 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural under ἐν G1722 Preposition [the] law νόμῳ G3551 Noun - Dative Masculine Singular will be judged κριθήσονται G2919 Verb - Future Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Plural by διὰ G1223 Preposition [the] law νόμου G3551 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 13

Original words

For [it is] γὰρ G1063 Conjunction not οὐ G3756 Adverb the οἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Plural hearers ἀκροαταὶ G202 Noun - Nominative Masculine Plural of [the] law νόμου G3551 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular [who are] righteous δίκαιοι G1342 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural before παρὰ G3844 Preposition - τῷ G3588 Article - Dative Masculine Singular God Θεῷ G2316 Noun - Dative Masculine Singular but [it is] ἀλλ’ G235 Conjunction the οἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Plural doers ποιηταὶ G4163 Noun - Nominative Masculine Plural of [the] law νόμου G3551 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular [who] will be declared righteous δικαιωθήσονται G1344 Verb - Future Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Plural
Verse 14

Original words

Indeed γὰρ G1063 Conjunction when Ὅταν G3752 Conjunction Gentiles ἔθνη G1484 Noun - Nominative Neuter Plural who τὰ G3588 Article - Nominative Neuter Plural vvv μὴ G3361 Adverb do not have ἔχοντα G2192 Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Neuter Plural [the] law νόμον G3551 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular do ποιῶσιν G4160 Verb - Present Subjunctive Active - 3rd Person Plural by nature φύσει G5449 Noun - Dative Feminine Singular what τὰ G3588 Article - Accusative Neuter Plural the τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular law [requires] νόμου G3551 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular they are εἰσιν G1510 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural a law νόμος G3551 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular to themselves ἑαυτοῖς G1438 Reflexive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Plural [even though] they οὗτοι G3778 Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Plural vvv μὴ G3361 Adverb do not have ἔχοντες G2192 Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural [the] law νόμον G3551 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular
Verse 15

Original words

[So] they οἵτινες G3748 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Plural show [that] ἐνδείκνυνται G1731 Verb - Present Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Plural the τὸ G3588 Article - Accusative Neuter Singular work ἔργον G2041 Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular of the τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular law νόμου G3551 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular is written γραπτὸν G1123 Adjective - Accusative Neuter Singular on ἐν G1722 Preposition their αὐτῶν G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural - ταῖς G3588 Article - Dative Feminine Plural hearts καρδίαις G2588 Noun - Dative Feminine Plural their αὐτῶν G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural - τῆς G3588 Article - Genitive Feminine Singular consciences συνειδήσεως G4893 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular also καὶ G2532 Conjunction bearing witness συμμαρτυρούσης G4828 Verb - Present Participle Active - Genitive Feminine Singular [and] their ἀλλήλων G240 Personal / Reciprocal Pronoun - Genitive Masculine Plural - τῶν G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Plural thoughts λογισμῶν G3053 Noun - Genitive Masculine Plural either μεταξὺ G3342 Preposition accusing κατηγορούντων G2723 Verb - Present Participle Active - Genitive Masculine Plural or G2228 Conjunction - καὶ G2532 Conjunction defending [them] ἀπολογουμένων G626 Verb - Present Participle Middle or Passive - Genitive Masculine Plural
Verse 16

Original words

on ἐν G1722 Preposition the 〈ᾗ〉 G3739 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Dative Feminine Singular day ἡμέρᾳ G2250 Noun - Dative Feminine Singular when ὅτε G3753 Adverb - G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular God Θεὸς G2316 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular will judge κρίνει G2919 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular - τῶν G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Plural men’s ἀνθρώπων G444 Noun - Genitive Masculine Plural - τὰ G3588 Article - Accusative Neuter Plural secrets κρυπτὰ G2927 Adjective - Accusative Neuter Plural through διὰ G1223 Preposition Christ Χριστοῦ G5547 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular Jesus Ἰησοῦ G2424 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular as proclaimed by κατὰ G2596 Preposition my μου G1473 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Singular - τὸ G3588 Article - Accusative Neuter Singular gospel εὐαγγέλιόν G2098 Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular

BSB notes

  • BYZ and TR through Jesus Christ

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.