Focused Passage

Deuteronomy 19:1-13

Cities of Refuge, Boundary Markers, and Faithful Witnesses

Cities of refuge protect the innocent slayer from wrongful death; the boundary statute guards every family's covenantal inheritance; the witness laws purge false accusation and ensure that the punishment the perjurer intended falls on himself instead.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1When the LORD your God has cut off the nations whose land He is giving you, and when you have driven them out and settled in their cities and houses,

2then you are to set apart for yourselves three cities within the land that the LORD your God is giving you to possess.

3You are to build roads for yourselves and divide into three regions the land that the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance, so that any manslayer can flee to these cities.

4Now this is the situation regarding the manslayer who flees to one of these cities to save his life, having killed his neighbor accidentally, without intending to harm him:

5If he goes into the forest with his neighbor to cut timber and swings his axe to chop down a tree, but the blade flies off the handle and strikes and kills his neighbor, he may flee to one of these cities to save his life.

6Otherwise, the avenger of blood might pursue the manslayer in a rage, overtake him if the distance is great, and strike him dead though he did not deserve to die, since he did not intend any harm.

7This is why I am commanding you to set apart for yourselves three cities.

8And if the LORD your God enlarges your territory, as He swore to your fathers, and gives you all the land He promised them,

9and if you carefully keep all these commandments I am giving you today, loving the LORD your God and walking in His ways at all times, then you are to add three more cities to these three.

10Thus innocent blood will not be shed in the land that the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance, so that you will not be guilty of bloodshed.

11If, however, a man hates his neighbor and lies in wait, attacks him and kills him, and then flees to one of these cities,

12the elders of his city must send for him, bring him back, and hand him over to the avenger of blood to die.

13You must show him no pity. You are to purge from Israel the guilt of shedding innocent blood, that it may go well with you.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Whenכִּֽי־H3588Conjunctionthe LORDיְהוָ֤הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularyour Godאֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙H430Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerhas cut offיַכְרִ֞יתH3772Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singularthe nationsהַגּוֹיִ֔םH1471Article | Noun - masculine plural-אֲשֶׁר֙H834Pronoun - relativewhose landאַרְצָ֑םH776Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine pluralHeיְהוָ֣הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָH430Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularis givingנֹתֵ֥ןH5414Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularyouלְךָ֖Preposition | second person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerand when you have driven them outוִֽירִשְׁתָּ֕םH3423Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular | third person masculine pluraland settledוְיָשַׁבְתָּ֥H3427Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singularin their citiesבְעָרֵיהֶ֖םH5892Preposition-b | Noun - feminine plural construct | third person masculine pluraland housesוּבְבָתֵּיהֶֽם׃H1004Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural
Verse 2

Original words

then you are to set apartתַּבְדִּ֣ילH914Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - second person masculine singularfor yourselvesלָ֑ךְPreposition | second person masculine singularthreeשָׁל֥וֹשׁH7969Number - feminine singularcitiesעָרִ֖יםH5892Noun - feminine pluralwithinבְּת֣וֹךְH8432Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructthe landאַרְצְךָ֔H776Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine singularthatאֲשֶׁר֙H834Pronoun - relativethe LORDיְהוָ֣הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularyour Godאֱלֹהֶ֔יךָH430Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularis givingנֹתֵ֥ןH5414Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularyouלְךָ֖Preposition | second person masculine singularto possessלְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃H3423Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person feminine singular
Verse 3

Original words

You are to buildתָּכִ֣יןH3559Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - second person masculine singularroadsהַדֶּרֶךְ֒H1870Article | Noun - common singularfor yourselvesלְךָ֮Preposition | second person masculine singularand divide into three regionsוְשִׁלַּשְׁתָּ֙H8027Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object marker-גְּב֣וּלH1366Noun - masculine singular constructthe landאַרְצְךָ֔H776Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine singularthatאֲשֶׁ֥רH834Pronoun - relativethe LORDיְהוָ֣הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularyour Godאֱלֹהֶ֑יךָH430Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular. . .וְהָיָ֕הH1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularis giving you as an inheritanceיַנְחִֽילְךָ֖H5157Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | second person masculine singularso that anyכָּל־H3605Noun - masculine singular constructmanslayerרֹצֵֽחַ׃H7523Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularcan fleeלָנ֥וּסH5127Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructto these citiesשָׁ֖מָּהH8033Adverb | third person feminine singular

BSB notes

  • Or You are to survey the way
Verse 4

Original words

Now thisוְזֶה֙H2088Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - masculine singularis the situationדְּבַ֣רH1697Noun - masculine singular constructregarding the manslayerהָרֹצֵ֔חַH7523Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularwhoאֲשֶׁר־H834Pronoun - relativefleesיָנ֥וּסH5127Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular[to one of these cities]שָׁ֖מָּהH8033Adverb | third person feminine singularto save his lifeוָחָ֑יH2421Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular-אֲשֶׁ֨רH834Pronoun - relativehaving killedיַכֶּ֤הH5221Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerhis neighborרֵעֵ֙הוּ֙H7453Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularaccidentallyבִּבְלִי־H1097Preposition-b | Adverb. . .דַ֔עַתH1847Noun - feminine singular. . .וְה֛וּאH1931Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - third person masculine singularwithoutלֹא־H3808Adverb - Negative particleintending to harmשֹׂנֵ֥אH8130Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularhimל֖וֹPreposition | third person masculine singular-מִתְּמֹ֥לH8543Preposition-m | Adverb-שִׁלְשֹֽׁם׃H8032Adverb
Verse 5

Original words

Ifוַאֲשֶׁר֩H834Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - relativehe goesיָבֹ֨אH935Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularinto the forestבַיַּעַר֮H3293Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularwithאֶת־H854Prepositionhis neighborרֵעֵ֥הוּH7453Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularto cutלַחְטֹ֣בH2404Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructtimberעֵצִים֒H6086Noun - masculine pluralvvvיָד֤וֹH3027Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singularand swingsוְנִדְּחָ֨הH5080Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Conjunctive perfect - third person feminine singularhis axeבַגַּרְזֶן֙H1631Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularto chop downלִכְרֹ֣תH3772Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructa treeהָעֵ֔ץH6086Article | Noun - masculine singularbut the blade flies offוְנָשַׁ֤לH5394Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular. . .הַבַּרְזֶל֙H1270Article | Noun - masculine singular. . .מִן־H4480Prepositionthe handleהָעֵ֔ץH6086Article | Noun - masculine singularand strikesוּמָצָ֥אH4672Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerand killsוָמֵ֑תH4191Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularhis neighborרֵעֵ֖הוּH7453Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularheה֗וּאH1931Pronoun - third person masculine singularmay fleeיָנ֛וּסH5127Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singulartoאֶל־H413Prepositiononeאַחַ֥תH259Number - feminine singular constructof theseהָאֵ֖לֶּהH428Article | Pronoun - common pluralcitiesהֶעָרִים־H5892Article | Noun - feminine pluralto save his lifeוָחָֽי׃H2421Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 6

Original words

Otherwiseפֶּן־H6435Conjunctionthe avengerגֹּאֵ֨לH1350Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular constructof bloodהַדָּ֜םH1818Article | Noun - masculine singularmight pursueיִרְדֹּף֩H7291Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularthe manslayerהָרֹצֵ֗חַH7523Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularאַחֲרֵ֣יאַחֲרֵ֣יH310Prepositionin a rageלְבָבוֹ֒H3824Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular-כִּי־H3588Conjunction-יֵחַם֮H2552Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularovertake himוְהִשִּׂיג֛וֹH5381Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singularifכִּֽי־H3588Conjunctionthe distanceהַדֶּ֖רֶךְH1870Article | Noun - common singularis greatיִרְבֶּ֥הH7235Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularand strike himוְהִכָּ֣הוּH5221Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singulardeadנָ֑פֶשׁH5315Noun - feminine singularthough heוְלוֹ֙Conjunctive waw | Preposition | third person masculine singulardid notאֵ֣יןH369Adverbdeserveמִשְׁפַּט־H4941Noun - masculine singular constructto dieמָ֔וֶתH4194Noun - masculine singularsinceכִּ֠יH3588Conjunctionheה֛וּאH1931Pronoun - third person masculine singulardid notלֹ֣אH3808Adverb - Negative particleintend any harmשֹׂנֵ֥אH8130Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular. . .מִתְּמ֥וֹלH8543Preposition-m | Adverb. . .שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃H8032Adverb
Verse 7

Original words

This is whyעַל־H5921Preposition. . .כֵּ֛ןH3651AdverbIאָנֹכִ֥יH595Pronoun - first person common singularam commandingמְצַוְּךָ֖H6680Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular. . .לֵאמֹ֑רH559Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructyou to set apartתַּבְדִּ֥ילH914Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - second person masculine singularfor yourselvesלָֽךְ׃סPreposition | second person masculine singularthreeשָׁלֹ֥שׁH7969Number - feminine singularcitiesעָרִ֖יםH5892Noun - feminine plural
Verse 8

Original words

And ifוְאִם־H518Conjunctionthe LORDיְהוָ֤הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularyour Godאֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙H430Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerenlargesיַרְחִ֞יבH7337Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singularyour territoryגְּבֻ֣לְךָ֔H1366Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularasכַּאֲשֶׁ֥רH834Preposition-k | Pronoun - relativeHe sworeנִשְׁבַּ֖עH7650Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person masculine singularto your fathersלַאֲבֹתֶ֑יךָH1Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularand givesוְנָ֤תַןH5414Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularyouלְךָ֙Preposition | second person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerallכָּל־H3605Noun - masculine singular constructthe landהָאָ֔רֶץH776Article | Noun - feminine singular-אֲשֶׁ֥רH834Pronoun - relativeHe promisedדִּבֶּ֖רH1696Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular. . .לָתֵ֥תH5414Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructthemלַאֲבֹתֶֽיךָ׃H1Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singular
Verse 9

Original words

and ifכִּֽי־H3588Conjunctionyou carefully keepתִשְׁמֹר֩H8104Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object marker-לַעֲשֹׂתָ֗הּH6213Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person feminine singular-אֲשֶׁ֨רH834Pronoun - relativeallכָּל־H3605Noun - masculine singular constructtheseהַזֹּ֜אתH2063Article | Pronoun - feminine singularcommandmentsהַמִּצְוָ֨הH4687Article | Noun - feminine singularIאָנֹכִ֣יH595Pronoun - first person common singularam giving youמְצַוְּךָ֮H6680Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singulartodayהַיּוֹם֒H3117Article | Noun - masculine singularlovingלְאַהֲבָ֞הH157Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person feminine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerthe LORDיְהוָ֧הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularyour Godאֱלֹהֶ֛יךָH430Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularand walkingוְלָלֶ֥כֶתH1980Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructin His waysבִּדְרָכָ֖יוH1870Preposition-b | Noun - common plural construct | third person masculine singularat all timesכָּל־H3605Noun - masculine singular construct. . .הַיָּמִ֑יםH3117Article | Noun - masculine pluralthen you are to addוְיָסַפְתָּ֨H3254Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singularthreeשָׁלֹ֣שׁH7969Number - feminine singularmoreעוֹד֙H5750Adverbcitiesעָרִ֔יםH5892Noun - feminine pluraltoעַ֖לH5921Prepositiontheseהָאֵֽלֶּה׃H428Article | Pronoun - common pluralthreeהַשָּׁלֹ֥שׁH7969Article | Number - feminine singular
Verse 10

Original words

Thus innocentנָקִ֔יH5355Adjective - masculine singularbloodדָּ֣םH1818Noun - masculine singularwill notוְלֹ֤אH3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particlebe shedיִשָּׁפֵךְ֙H8210Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularinבְּקֶ֣רֶבH7130Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructthe landאַרְצְךָ֔H776Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine singularthatאֲשֶׁר֙H834Pronoun - relativethe LORDיְהוָ֣הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularyour Godאֱלֹהֶ֔יךָH430Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine singularis givingנֹתֵ֥ןH5414Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularyouלְךָ֖Preposition | second person masculine singular[as] an inheritanceנַחֲלָ֑הH5159Noun - feminine singularso that you will not beוְהָיָ֥הH1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular. . .עָלֶ֖יךָH5921Preposition | second person masculine singularguilty of bloodshedדָּמִֽים׃סH1818Noun - masculine plural
Verse 11

Original words

If, howeverוְכִֽי־H3588Conjunction. . .יִהְיֶ֥הH1961Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singulara manאִישׁ֙H376Noun - masculine singularhatesשֹׂנֵ֣אH8130Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularhis neighborלְרֵעֵ֔הוּH7453Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularand lies in waitוְאָ֤רַבH693Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularattacksוְקָ֣םH6965Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularhimעָלָ֔יוH5921Preposition | third person masculine singularand kills himוְהִכָּ֥הוּH5221Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular. . .נֶ֖פֶשׁH5315Noun - feminine singular. . .וָמֵ֑תH4191Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularand then fleesוְנָ֕סH5127Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singulartoאֶל־H413Prepositiononeאַחַ֖תH259Number - feminine singular constructof theseהָאֵֽל׃H411Article | Pronoun - common pluralcitiesהֶעָרִ֥יםH5892Article | Noun - feminine plural
Verse 12

Original words

the eldersזִקְנֵ֣יH2205Adjective - masculine plural constructof his cityעִיר֔וֹH5892Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singularmust send for himוְשָֽׁלְחוּ֙H7971Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluralbringוְלָקְח֥וּH3947Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluralhimאֹת֖וֹH853Direct object marker | third person masculine singularbackמִשָּׁ֑םH8033Preposition-m | Adverband hand him over toוְנָתְנ֣וּH5414Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural-אֹת֗וֹH853Direct object marker | third person masculine singular-בְּיַ֛דH3027Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular constructthe avengerגֹּאֵ֥לH1350Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular constructof bloodהַדָּ֖םH1818Article | Noun - masculine singularto dieוָמֵֽת׃H4191Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 13

Original words

vvvלֹא־H3808Adverb - Negative particleYou must show him no pityתָח֥וֹסH2347Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine singular. . .עָלָ֑יוH5921Preposition | third person masculine singular. . .עֵֽינְךָ֖H5869Noun - common singular construct | second person masculine singularYou are to purgeוּבִֽעַרְתָּ֧H1197Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singularfrom Israelמִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֖לH3478Preposition-m | Noun - proper - masculine singularthe guilt of shedding innocentהַנָּקִ֛יH5355Article | Adjective - masculine singularbloodדַֽם־H1818Noun - masculine singular constructthat it may go wellוְט֥וֹבH2896Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine singularwith youלָֽךְ׃סPreposition | second person masculine singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.