Focused Passage

John 18:28-40

The Arrested King: Betrayal, Sovereign Surrender, Denial, Trial, and the Kingdom Not of This World

Jesus sovereignly gives himself over to arrest, protects his disciples, rebukes violent resistance, submits to the Father’s cup, endures unjust priestly examination, is denied by Peter, testifies before Pilate to a kingdom not of this world, and is rejected in favor of Barabbas.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

28Then they led Jesus away from Caiaphas into the Praetorium. By now it was early morning, and the Jews did not enter the Praetorium, to avoid being defiled and unable to eat the Passover.

29So Pilate went out to them and asked, “What accusation are you bringing against this man?”

30“If He were not a criminal,” they replied, “we would not have handed Him over to you.”

31“You take Him and judge Him by your own law,” Pilate told them. “We are not permitted to execute anyone,” the Jews replied.

32This was to fulfill the word that Jesus had spoken to indicate the kind of death He was going to die.

33Pilate went back into the Praetorium, summoned Jesus, and asked Him, “Are You the King of the Jews?”

34“Are you saying this on your own,” Jesus asked, “or did others tell you about Me?”

35“Am I a Jew?” Pilate replied. “Your own people and chief priests handed You over to me. What have You done?”

36Jesus answered, “My kingdom is not of this world; if it were, My servants would fight to prevent My arrest by the Jews. But now My kingdom is not of this realm.”

37“Then You are a king!” Pilate said. “You say that I am a king,” Jesus answered. “For this reason I was born and have come into the world, to testify to the truth. Everyone who belongs to the truth listens to My voice.”

38“What is truth?” Pilate asked. And having said this, he went out again to the Jews and told them, “I find no basis for a charge against Him.

39But it is your custom that I release to you one prisoner at the Passover. So then, do you want me to release to you the King of the Jews?”

40“Not this man,” they shouted, “but Barabbas!” (Now Barabbas was an insurrectionist.)

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 28

Original words

ThenοὖνG3767Conjunctionthey ledἌγουσινG71Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural-τὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularJesusἸησοῦνG2424Noun - Accusative Masculine Singularaway fromἀπὸG575Preposition-τοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularCaiaphasΚαϊάφαG2533Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularintoεἰςG1519PrepositiontheτὸG3588Article - Accusative Neuter SingularPraetoriumπραιτώριονG4232Noun - Accusative Neuter SingularBy nowδὲG1161Conjunctionit wasἦνG1510Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singularearly morningπρωΐG4404AdverbandκαὶG2532Conjunction[the Jews]αὐτοὶG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative Masculine 3rd Person Plural{did} notοὐκG3756AdverbenterεἰσῆλθονG1525Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural. . .εἰςG1519PrepositiontheτὸG3588Article - Accusative Neuter SingularPraetoriumπραιτώριονG4232Noun - Accusative Neuter SingulartoἵναG2443ConjunctionavoidμὴG3361Adverbbeing defiledμιανθῶσινG3392Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Passive - 3rd Person Plural[and unable]ἀλλὰG235Conjunctionto eatφάγωσινG5315Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 3rd Person PluraltheτὸG3588Article - Accusative Neuter SingularPassoverπάσχαG3957Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular
Verse 29

Original words

SoοὖνG3767Conjunction-G3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingularPilateΠιλᾶτοςG4091Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularwentἘξῆλθενG1831Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularoutἔξωG1854AdverbtoπρὸςG4314PrepositionthemαὐτοὺςG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person PluralandκαὶG2532ConjunctionaskedφησίνG5346Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularWhatΤίναG5101Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Accusative Feminine SingularaccusationκατηγορίανG2724Noun - Accusative Feminine Singularare you bringingφέρετεG5342Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person PluralagainstκατὰG2596PrepositionthisτούτουG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Genitive Masculine Singular-τοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularmanἀνθρώπουG444Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 30

Original words

IfΕἰG1487ConjunctionHeοὗτοςG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine SingularwereἦνG1510Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularnotμὴG3361AdverbvvvποιῶνG4160Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Singulara criminalκακὸνG2556Adjective - Accusative Neuter Singularthey repliedἈπεκρίθησανG611Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Plural. . .καὶG2532Conjunction. . .εἶπανG2036Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural. . .αὐτῷG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person SingularvvvἄνG302ParticlevvvοὐκG3756Adverbwe would not have handed Him overπαρεδώκαμενG3860Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 1st Person Plural. . .αὐτόνG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Singularto youσοιG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 2nd Person Singular
Verse 31

Original words

You takeΛάβετεG2983Verb - Aorist Imperative Active - 2nd Person PluralHimαὐτὸνG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Singular-ὑμεῖςG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 2nd Person PluralandκαὶG2532ConjunctionjudgeκρίνατεG2919Verb - Aorist Imperative Active - 2nd Person PluralHimαὐτόνG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person SingularbyκατὰG2596PrepositionyourὑμῶνG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person Plural[own]τὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularlawνόμονG3551Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular-οὖνG3767Conjunction-G3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingularPilateΠιλᾶτοςG4091Noun - Nominative Masculine SingulartoldΕἶπενG2036Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularthemαὐτοῖςG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person PluralvvvοὐκG3756AdverbWe are not permittedἔξεστινG1832Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular. . .ἩμῖνG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 1st Person Pluralto execute anyoneἀποκτεῖναιG615Verb - Aorist Infinitive Active. . .οὐδέναG3762Adjective - Accusative Masculine SingulartheοἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine PluralJewsἸουδαῖοιG2453Adjective - Nominative Masculine PluralrepliedΕἶπονG2036Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural-αὐτῷG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Singular
Verse 32

Original words

ThisἵναG2443Conjunctionwas to fulfillπληρωθῇG4137Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Passive - 3rd Person SingulartheG3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingularwordλόγοςG3056Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularthatτοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularJesusἸησοῦG2424Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular-ὃνG3739Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Singularhad spokenεἶπενG2036Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singularto indicateσημαίνωνG4591Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Singularthe kind ofποίῳG4169Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Dative Masculine SingulardeathθανάτῳG2288Noun - Dative Masculine SingularHe was goingἤμελλενG3195Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singularto dieἀποθνήσκεινG599Verb - Present Infinitive Active

BSB notes

  • See John 12:32–33.
Verse 33

Original words

-οὖνG3767Conjunction-G3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingularPilateΠιλᾶτοςG4091Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularwentΕἰσῆλθενG1525Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularbackπάλινG3825AdverbintoεἰςG1519PrepositiontheτὸG3588Article - Accusative Neuter SingularPraetoriumπραιτώριονG4232Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular-καὶG2532ConjunctionsummonedἐφώνησενG5455Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular-τὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularJesusἸησοῦνG2424Noun - Accusative Masculine SingularandκαὶG2532ConjunctionaskedεἶπενG2036Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularHimαὐτῷG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person SingularAreεἶG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person SingularYouΣὺG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 2nd Person SingulartheG3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingularKingΒασιλεὺςG935Noun - Nominative Masculine Singularof theτῶνG3588Article - Genitive Masculine PluralJewsἸουδαίωνG2453Adjective - Genitive Masculine Plural
Verse 34

Original words

{Are} youσὺG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 2nd Person SingularsayingλέγειςG3004Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person SingularthisτοῦτοG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter SingularonἈπὸ*G575Prepositionyour ownσεαυτοῦ*G4572Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 2nd Person SingularJesusἸησοῦςG2424Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularaskedἈπεκρίθηG611Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person SingularorG2228Conjunction{did} othersἄλλοιG243Adjective - Nominative Masculine PluraltellεἶπόνG2036Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person PluralyouσοιG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 2nd Person SingularaboutπερὶG4012PrepositionMeἐμοῦG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Singular
Verse 35

Original words

AmεἰμιG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular. . .ΜήτιG3385IntPrtclIἐγὼG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 1st Person Singulara JewἸουδαῖόςG2453Adjective - Nominative Masculine Singular-G3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingularPilateΠιλᾶτοςG4091Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularrepliedἈπεκρίθηG611Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Singular-τὸG3588Article - Nominative Neuter SingularYourσὸνG4674Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative Neuter 2nd Person Singular[own]τὸG3588Article - Nominative Neuter SingularpeopleἔθνοςG1484Noun - Nominative Neuter SingularandκαὶG2532Conjunction-οἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine Pluralchief priestsἀρχιερεῖςG749Noun - Nominative Masculine PluralhandedπαρέδωκάνG3860Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person PluralYouσεG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative 2nd Person Singular{over} to meἐμοίG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 1st Person SingularWhatτίG5101Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singularhave You doneἐποίησαςG4160Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 2nd Person Singular
Verse 36

Original words

JesusἸησοῦςG2424Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularansweredἈπεκρίθηG611Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Singular-G3588Article - Nominative Feminine SingularMyἐμὴG1699Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative Feminine 1st Person Singular-G3588Article - Nominative Feminine SingularkingdomβασιλείαG932Noun - Nominative Feminine SingularisἔστινG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularnotοὐκG3756AdverbofἐκG1537PrepositionthisτούτουG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Genitive Masculine Singular-τοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine SingularworldκόσμουG2889Noun - Genitive Masculine SingularifεἰG1487Conjunction-G3588Article - Nominative Feminine SingularvvvἐμήG1699Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative Feminine 1st Person SingularvvvG3588Article - Nominative Feminine Singular[it]βασιλείαG932Noun - Nominative Feminine SingularwereἦνG1510Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular-ἐκG1537Preposition-τούτουG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Genitive Masculine Singular-τοῦG3588Article - Genitive Masculine Singular-κόσμουG2889Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular-ἄνG302Article - Nominative Masculine PluralMyἐμοὶG1699Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 1st Person Singular-οἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine PluralservantsὑπηρέταιG5257Noun - Nominative Masculine Plural-«οἱG3588Article - Nominative Masculine Pluralwould fightἠγωνίζοντο»G75Verb - Imperfect Indicative Middle or Passive - 3rd Person PluraltoἵναG2443ConjunctionvvvμὴG3361Adverbprevent My arrestπαραδοθῶG3860Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Passive - 1st Person Singularby theτοῖςG3588Article - Dative Masculine PluralJewsἸουδαίοιςG2453Adjective - Dative Masculine PluralButδὲG1161ConjunctionnowνῦνG3568Adverb-G3588Article - Nominative Feminine SingularMyἐμὴG1699Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative Feminine 1st Person Singular-G3588Article - Nominative Feminine SingularkingdomβασιλείαG932Noun - Nominative Feminine SingularisἔστινG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularnotοὐκG3756Adverbof this realmἐντεῦθενG1782Adverb
Verse 37

Original words

ThenΟὐκοῦνG3766AdverbYouσύG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 2nd Person SingularareεἶG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person Singulara kingβασιλεὺςG935Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular-οὖνG3767Conjunction-G3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingularPilateΠιλᾶτοςG4091Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularsaidΕἶπενG2036Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular-αὐτῷG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person SingularYouΣὺG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 2nd Person SingularsayλέγειςG3004Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person SingularthatὅτιG3754ConjunctionIἐγὼG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 1st Person SingularamεἰμιG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person Singulara kingβασιλεύςG935Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular-G3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingularJesusἸησοῦςG2424Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularansweredἈπεκρίθηG611Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person SingularForεἰςG1519Prepositionthis reasonτοῦτοG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter SingularI was bornγεγέννημαιG1080Verb - Perfect Indicative Middle or Passive - 1st Person SingularandκαὶG2532Conjunction-εἰςG1519Preposition-τοῦτοG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singularhave comeἐλήλυθαG2064Verb - Perfect Indicative Active - 1st Person SingularintoεἰςG1519PrepositiontheτὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularworldκόσμονG2889Noun - Accusative Masculine SingulartoἵναG2443ConjunctiontestifyμαρτυρήσωG3140Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 1st Person Singularto theτῇG3588Article - Dative Feminine SingulartruthἀληθείᾳG225Noun - Dative Feminine SingularEveryoneπᾶςG3956Adjective - Nominative Masculine SingularwhoG3588Article - Nominative Masculine Singularbelongs toὢνG1510Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Singular. . .ἐκG1537PrepositiontheτῆςG3588Article - Genitive Feminine SingulartruthἀληθείαςG225Noun - Genitive Feminine Singularlistens toἀκούειG191Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularMyμουG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Singular-τῆςG3588Article - Genitive Feminine SingularvoiceφωνῆςG5456Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular
Verse 38

Original words

WhatΤίG5101Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Nominative Neuter SingularisἐστινG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingulartruthἀλήθειαG225Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular-G3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingularPilateΠιλᾶτοςG4091Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularaskedΛέγειG3004Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular-αὐτῷG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person SingularAndΚαὶG2532Conjunctionhaving saidεἰπὼνG2036Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine SingularthisτοῦτοG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singularhe went outἐξῆλθενG1831Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularagainπάλινG3825AdverbtoπρὸςG4314PrepositiontheτοὺςG3588Article - Accusative Masculine PluralJewsἸουδαίουςG2453Adjective - Accusative Masculine PluralandκαὶG2532ConjunctiontoldλέγειG3004Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularthemαὐτοῖςG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person PluralIἘγὼG1473Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 1st Person SingularfindεὑρίσκωG2147Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person SingularnoοὐδεμίανG3762Adjective - Accusative Feminine Singularbasis for a chargeαἰτίανG156Noun - Accusative Feminine SingularagainstἐνG1722PrepositionHimαὐτῷG846Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Singular
Verse 39

Original words

ButδὲG1161Conjunctionit isἔστινG1510Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularyourὑμῖνG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 2nd Person PluralcustomσυνήθειαG4914Noun - Nominative Feminine SingularthatἵναG2443ConjunctionI releaseἀπολύσωG630Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 1st Person Singularto youὑμῖνG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 2nd Person Pluralone [prisoner]ἕναG1520Adjective - Accusative Masculine SingularatἐνG1722PrepositiontheτῷG3588Article - Dative Neuter SingularPassoverπάσχαG3957Noun - Dative Neuter SingularSo thenοὖνG3767Conjunctiondo you wantβούλεσθεG1014Verb - Present Indicative Middle or Passive - 2nd Person Pluralme to releaseἀπολύσωG630Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 1st Person Singularto youὑμῖνG4771Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 2nd Person PluraltheτὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularKingΒασιλέαG935Noun - Accusative Masculine Singularof theτῶνG3588Article - Genitive Masculine PluralJewsἸουδαίωνG2453Adjective - Genitive Masculine Plural
Verse 40

Original words

NotΜὴG3361Adverbthis [man]τοῦτονG3778Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Singular-οὖνG3767Conjunctionthey shoutedἘκραύγασανG2905Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural-πάλινG3825Adverb-λέγοντεςG3004Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine PluralbutἀλλὰG235Conjunction-τὸνG3588Article - Accusative Masculine SingularBarabbasΒαραββᾶνG912Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular( NowδὲG1161Conjunction-G3588Article - Nominative Masculine SingularBarabbasΒαραββᾶςG912Noun - Nominative Masculine SingularwasἦνG1510Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singularan insurrectionistλῃστήςG3027Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.