Focused Passage

Jonah 4:1-11

The Prophet’s Anger and the LORD’s Compassion

From Jonah's anger over mercy, to the LORD's probing question, to Jonah's comfort outside the city, to the appointed plant, worm, and wind, to the LORD's final unanswered question about compassion for Nineveh.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1 Jonah, however, was greatly displeased, and he became angry.

2 So he prayed to the LORD, saying, “O LORD, is this not what I said while I was still in my own country? This is why I was so quick to flee toward Tarshish. I knew that You are a gracious and compassionate God, slow to anger, abounding in loving devotion—One who relents from sending disaster.

3 And now, O LORD, please take my life from me, for it is better for me to die than to live.”

4 But the LORD replied, “Have you any right to be angry?”

5 Then Jonah left the city and sat down east of it, where he made himself a shelter and sat in its shade to see what would happen to the city.

6 So the LORD God appointed a vine, and it grew up to provide shade over Jonah’s head to ease his discomfort, and Jonah was greatly pleased with the plant.

7 When dawn came the next day, God appointed a worm that attacked the plant so that it withered.

8 As the sun was rising, God appointed a scorching east wind, and the sun beat down on Jonah’s head so that he grew faint and wished to die, saying, “It is better for me to die than to live.”

9 Then God asked Jonah, “Have you any right to be angry about the plant?” “I do,” he replied. “I am angry enough to die!”

10 But the LORD said, “You cared about the plant, which you neither tended nor made grow. It sprang up in a night and perished in a night.

11 So should I not care about the great city of Nineveh, which has more than 120,000 people who cannot tell their right hand from their left, and many cattle as well?”

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Jonah, however יוֹנָ֖ה H3124 Noun - proper - masculine singular was greatly גְדוֹלָ֑ה H1419 Adjective - feminine singular displeased וַיֵּ֥רַע H7489 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . אֶל־ H413 Preposition . . . רָעָ֣ה H7451 Adjective - feminine singular and he became angry וַיִּ֖חַר H2734 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 2

Original words

So he prayed וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֨ל H6419 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hitpael - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition the LORD יְהוָ֜ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular saying וַיֹּאמַ֗ר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular O אָנָּ֤ה H577 Interjection LORD יְהוָה֙ H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular is this זֶ֣ה H2088 Pronoun - masculine singular not הֲלוֹא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle what I said דְבָרִ֗י H1697 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular while עַד־ H5704 Preposition I was הֱיוֹתִי֙ H1961 Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | first person common singular still in עַל־ H5921 Preposition my own country אַדְמָתִ֔י H127 Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular This is why עַל־ H5921 Preposition . . . כֵּ֥ן H3651 Adverb I was so quick קִדַּ֖מְתִּי H6923 Verb - Piel - Perfect - first person common singular to flee לִבְרֹ֣חַ H1272 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct toward Tarshish תַּרְשִׁ֑ישָׁה H8659 Noun - proper - feminine singular | third person feminine singular I knew יָדַ֗עְתִּי H3045 Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular . . . כִּ֤י H3588 Conjunction that כִּ֣י H3588 Conjunction You [are] אַתָּה֙ H859 Pronoun - second person masculine singular a gracious חַנּ֣וּן H2587 Adjective - masculine singular and compassionate וְרַח֔וּם H7349 Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine singular God אֵֽל־ H410 Noun - masculine singular slow אֶ֤רֶךְ H750 Adjective - masculine singular construct to anger אַפַּ֙יִם֙ H639 Noun - md abounding וְרַב־ H7227 Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine singular construct in loving devotion חֶ֔סֶד H2617 Noun - masculine singular One who relents וְנִחָ֖ם H5162 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine singular from עַל־ H5921 Preposition sending disaster הָרָעָֽה׃ H7451 Article | Adjective - feminine singular
Verse 3

Original words

And now וְעַתָּ֣ה H6258 Conjunctive waw | Adverb O LORD יְהוָ֔ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular please נָ֥א H4994 Interjection - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker take קַח־ H3947 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular my life נַפְשִׁ֖י H5315 Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular from me מִמֶּ֑נִּי H4480 Preposition | first person common singular for כִּ֛י H3588 Conjunction it is better ט֥וֹב H2896 Adjective - masculine singular for me to die מוֹתִ֖י H4194 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular than to live מֵחַיָּֽי׃ס H2416 Preposition-m | Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common singular
Verse 4

Original words

But the LORD יְהוָ֔ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular replied וַיֹּ֣אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Have you לָֽךְ׃ Preposition | second person feminine singular any right הַהֵיטֵ֖ב H3190 Verb - Hifil - Infinitive absolute to be angry חָ֥רָה H2734 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 5

Original words

Then Jonah יוֹנָה֙ H3124 Noun - proper - masculine singular left וַיֵּצֵ֤א H3318 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular the city הָעִ֔יר H5892 Article | Noun - feminine singular and sat down וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב H3427 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular east מִן־ H4480 Preposition of it מִקֶּ֣דֶם H6924 Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular . . . לָעִ֑יר H5892 Preposition-l, Article | Noun - feminine singular [where] שָׁ֜ם H8033 Adverb he made וַיַּעַשׂ֩ H6213 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular himself ל֨וֹ Preposition | third person masculine singular a shelter סֻכָּ֗ה H5521 Noun - feminine singular and sat וַיֵּ֤שֶׁב H3427 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . תַּחְתֶּ֙יהָ֙ H8478 Preposition | third person feminine singular in its shade בַּצֵּ֔ל H6738 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular to עַ֚ד H5704 Preposition - אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834 Pronoun - relative see יִרְאֶ֔ה H7200 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular what מַה־ H4100 Interrogative would happen יִּהְיֶ֖ה H1961 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular to the city בָּעִֽיר׃ H5892 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singular
Verse 6

Original words

So the LORD יְהוָֽה־ H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular God אֱ֠לֹהִים H430 Noun - masculine plural appointed וַיְמַ֣ן H4487 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular a vine קִיקָי֞וֹן H7021 Noun - masculine singular and it grew up וַיַּ֣עַל׀ H5927 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to provide לִֽהְי֥וֹת H1961 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct shade צֵל֙ H6738 Noun - masculine singular over מֵעַ֣ל H5921 Preposition-m Jonah’s לְיוֹנָ֗ה H3124 Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular עַל־ עַל־ H5921 Preposition head רֹאשׁ֔וֹ H7218 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular to ease לְהַצִּ֥יל H5337 Preposition-l | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive construct his ל֖וֹ Preposition | third person masculine singular discomfort מֵרָֽעָת֑וֹ H7451 Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular and Jonah יוֹנָ֛ה H3124 Noun - proper - masculine singular . . . עַל־ H5921 Preposition was greatly שִׂמְחָ֥ה H8057 Noun - feminine singular . . . גְדוֹלָֽה׃ H1419 Adjective - feminine singular pleased וַיִּשְׂמַ֥ח H8055 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular with the plant הַקִּֽיקָי֖וֹן H7021 Article | Noun - masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Hebrew qiqayon; that is, possibly the castor oil plant; also in verses 7, 9, and 10
Verse 7

Original words

When dawn הַשַּׁ֖חַר H7837 Article | Noun - masculine singular came בַּעֲל֥וֹת H5927 Preposition-b | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct the next day לַֽמָּחֳרָ֑ת H4283 Preposition-l, Article | Noun - feminine singular God הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ H430 Article | Noun - masculine plural appointed וַיְמַ֤ן H4487 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular a worm תּוֹלַ֔עַת H8438 Noun - feminine singular that attacked וַתַּ֥ךְ H5221 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker the plant הַקִּֽיקָי֖וֹן H7021 Article | Noun - masculine singular so that it withered וַיִּיבָֽשׁ׃ H3001 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 8

Original words

- וַיְהִ֣י׀ H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular As the sun הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ H8121 Article | Noun - common singular was rising כִּזְרֹ֣חַ H2224 Preposition-k | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct God אֱלֹהִ֜ים H430 Noun - masculine plural appointed וַיְמַ֨ן H4487 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular a scorching חֲרִישִׁ֔ית H2759 Adjective - feminine singular east קָדִים֙ H6921 Noun - masculine singular wind ר֤וּחַ H7307 Noun - common singular construct and the sun הַשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ H8121 Article | Noun - common singular beat down וַתַּ֥ךְ H5221 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular on עַל־ H5921 Preposition Jonah’s יוֹנָ֖ה H3124 Noun - proper - masculine singular head רֹ֥אשׁ H7218 Noun - masculine singular construct so that he grew faint וַיִּתְעַלָּ֑ף H5968 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hitpael - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular - נַפְשׁוֹ֙ H5315 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular and wished וַיִּשְׁאַ֤ל H7592 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker to die לָמ֔וּת H4191 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct saying וַיֹּ֕אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular It is better ט֥וֹב H2896 Adjective - masculine singular for me to die מוֹתִ֖י H4194 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular than to live מֵחַיָּֽי׃ H2416 Preposition-m | Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common singular
Verse 9

Original words

Then God אֱלֹהִים֙ H430 Noun - masculine plural . . . אֶל־ H413 Preposition asked וַיֹּ֤אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Jonah יוֹנָ֔ה H3124 Noun - proper - masculine singular Have you לְךָ֖ Preposition | second person masculine singular any right הַהֵיטֵ֥ב H3190 Verb - Hifil - Infinitive absolute to be angry חָרָֽה־ H2734 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular about עַל־ H5921 Preposition the plant הַקִּֽיקָי֑וֹן H7021 Article | Noun - masculine singular I do הֵיטֵ֥ב H3190 Verb - Hifil - Infinitive absolute he replied וַיֹּ֕אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular I am angry חָֽרָה־ H2734 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular enough to עַד־ H5704 Preposition die מָֽוֶת׃ H4194 Noun - masculine singular
Verse 10

Original words

But the LORD יְהוָ֔ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular said וַיֹּ֣אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular You אַתָּ֥ה H859 Pronoun - second person masculine singular cared חַ֙סְתָּ֙ H2347 Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singular about עַל־ H5921 Preposition the plant הַקִּ֣יקָי֔וֹן H7021 Article | Noun - masculine singular which אֲשֶׁ֛ר H834 Pronoun - relative you neither לֹא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle tended עָמַ֥לְתָּ H5998 Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singular nor וְלֹ֣א H3808 Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle made grow גִדַּלְתּ֑וֹ H1431 Verb - Piel - Perfect - second person masculine singular | third person masculine singular It sprang up הָיָ֖ה H1961 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular in a night שֶׁבִּן־ H1121 Pronoun - relative | Noun - masculine singular construct . . . לַ֥יְלָה H3915 Noun - masculine singular and perished אָבָֽד׃ H6 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular in a night וּבִן־ H1121 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct . . . לַ֥יְלָה H3915 Noun - masculine singular
Verse 11

Original words

So should I וַֽאֲנִי֙ H589 Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - first person common singular not לֹ֣א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle care אָח֔וּס H2347 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singular about עַל־ H5921 Preposition the great הַגְּדוֹלָ֑ה H1419 Article | Adjective - feminine singular city הָעִ֣יר H5892 Article | Noun - feminine singular of Nineveh נִינְוֵ֖ה H5210 Noun - proper - feminine singular which אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834 Pronoun - relative has יֶשׁ־ H3426 Adverb more than הַרְבֵּה֩ H7235 Verb - Hifil - Infinitive absolute 120,000 {} מִֽשְׁתֵּים־ H8147 Preposition-m | Number - fd . . . עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה H6240 Number - feminine singular . . . רִבּ֜וֹ H7239 Number - feminine singular people אָדָ֗ם H120 Noun - masculine singular who אֲשֶׁ֤ר H834 Pronoun - relative cannot לֹֽא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle tell יָדַע֙ H3045 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular . . . בֵּין־ H996 Preposition their right hand יְמִינ֣וֹ H3225 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular from their left לִשְׂמֹאל֔וֹ H8040 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular and many רַבָּֽה׃ H7227 Adjective - feminine singular cattle as well וּבְהֵמָ֖ה H929 Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.