Focused Passage

Jonah 4:1-11

The Prophet’s Anger and the LORD’s Compassion

From Jonah's anger over mercy, to the LORD's probing question, to Jonah's comfort outside the city, to the appointed plant, worm, and wind, to the LORD's final unanswered question about compassion for Nineveh.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1Jonah, however, was greatly displeased, and he became angry.

2So he prayed to the LORD, saying, “O LORD, is this not what I said while I was still in my own country? This is why I was so quick to flee toward Tarshish. I knew that You are a gracious and compassionate God, slow to anger, abounding in loving devotion—One who relents from sending disaster.

3And now, O LORD, please take my life from me, for it is better for me to die than to live.”

4But the LORD replied, “Have you any right to be angry?”

5Then Jonah left the city and sat down east of it, where he made himself a shelter and sat in its shade to see what would happen to the city.

6So the LORD God appointed a vine, and it grew up to provide shade over Jonah’s head to ease his discomfort, and Jonah was greatly pleased with the plant.

7When dawn came the next day, God appointed a worm that attacked the plant so that it withered.

8As the sun was rising, God appointed a scorching east wind, and the sun beat down on Jonah’s head so that he grew faint and wished to die, saying, “It is better for me to die than to live.”

9Then God asked Jonah, “Have you any right to be angry about the plant?” “I do,” he replied. “I am angry enough to die!”

10But the LORD said, “You cared about the plant, which you neither tended nor made grow. It sprang up in a night and perished in a night.

11So should I not care about the great city of Nineveh, which has more than 120,000 people who cannot tell their right hand from their left, and many cattle as well?”

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Jonah, howeverיוֹנָ֖הH3124Noun - proper - masculine singularwas greatlyגְדוֹלָ֑הH1419Adjective - feminine singulardispleasedוַיֵּ֥רַעH7489Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .אֶל־H413Preposition. . .רָעָ֣הH7451Adjective - feminine singularand he became angryוַיִּ֖חַרH2734Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 2

Original words

So he prayedוַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֨לH6419Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hitpael - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulartoאֶל־H413Prepositionthe LORDיְהוָ֜הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularsayingוַיֹּאמַ֗רH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularOאָנָּ֤הH577InterjectionLORDיְהוָה֙H3068Noun - proper - masculine singularis thisזֶ֣הH2088Pronoun - masculine singularnotהֲלוֹא־H3808Adverb - Negative particlewhat I saidדְבָרִ֗יH1697Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularwhileעַד־H5704PrepositionI wasהֱיוֹתִי֙H1961Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | first person common singularstill inעַל־H5921Prepositionmy own countryאַדְמָתִ֔יH127Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singularThis is whyעַל־H5921Preposition. . .כֵּ֥ןH3651AdverbI was so quickקִדַּ֖מְתִּיH6923Verb - Piel - Perfect - first person common singularto fleeלִבְרֹ֣חַH1272Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructtoward Tarshishתַּרְשִׁ֑ישָׁהH8659Noun - proper - feminine singular | third person feminine singularI knewיָדַ֗עְתִּיH3045Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular. . .כִּ֤יH3588Conjunctionthatכִּ֣יH3588ConjunctionYou [are]אַתָּה֙H859Pronoun - second person masculine singulara graciousחַנּ֣וּןH2587Adjective - masculine singularand compassionateוְרַח֔וּםH7349Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine singularGodאֵֽל־H410Noun - masculine singularslowאֶ֤רֶךְH750Adjective - masculine singular constructto angerאַפַּ֙יִם֙H639Noun - mdaboundingוְרַב־H7227Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine singular constructin loving devotionחֶ֔סֶדH2617Noun - masculine singularOne who relentsוְנִחָ֖םH5162Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine singularfromעַל־H5921Prepositionsending disasterהָרָעָֽה׃H7451Article | Adjective - feminine singular
Verse 3

Original words

And nowוְעַתָּ֣הH6258Conjunctive waw | AdverbO LORDיְהוָ֔הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularpleaseנָ֥אH4994Interjection-אֶת־H853Direct object markertakeקַח־H3947Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singularmy lifeנַפְשִׁ֖יH5315Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singularfrom meמִמֶּ֑נִּיH4480Preposition | first person common singularforכִּ֛יH3588Conjunctionit is betterט֥וֹבH2896Adjective - masculine singularfor me to dieמוֹתִ֖יH4194Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularthan to liveמֵחַיָּֽי׃סH2416Preposition-m | Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common singular
Verse 4

Original words

But the LORDיְהוָ֔הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularrepliedוַיֹּ֣אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularHave youלָֽךְ׃Preposition | second person feminine singularany rightהַהֵיטֵ֖בH3190Verb - Hifil - Infinitive absoluteto be angryחָ֥רָהH2734Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 5

Original words

Then Jonahיוֹנָה֙H3124Noun - proper - masculine singularleftוַיֵּצֵ֤אH3318Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularthe cityהָעִ֔ירH5892Article | Noun - feminine singularand sat downוַיֵּ֖שֶׁבH3427Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulareastמִן־H4480Prepositionof itמִקֶּ֣דֶםH6924Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular. . .לָעִ֑ירH5892Preposition-l, Article | Noun - feminine singular[where]שָׁ֜םH8033Adverbhe madeוַיַּעַשׂ֩H6213Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularhimselfל֨וֹPreposition | third person masculine singulara shelterסֻכָּ֗הH5521Noun - feminine singularand satוַיֵּ֤שֶׁבH3427Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular. . .תַּחְתֶּ֙יהָ֙H8478Preposition | third person feminine singularin its shadeבַּצֵּ֔לH6738Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singulartoעַ֚דH5704Preposition-אֲשֶׁ֣רH834Pronoun - relativeseeיִרְאֶ֔הH7200Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularwhatמַה־H4100Interrogativewould happenיִּהְיֶ֖הH1961Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularto the cityבָּעִֽיר׃H5892Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singular
Verse 6

Original words

So the LORDיְהוָֽה־H3068Noun - proper - masculine singularGodאֱ֠לֹהִיםH430Noun - masculine pluralappointedוַיְמַ֣ןH4487Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulara vineקִיקָי֞וֹןH7021Noun - masculine singularand it grew upוַיַּ֣עַל׀H5927Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularto provideלִֽהְי֥וֹתH1961Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructshadeצֵל֙H6738Noun - masculine singularoverמֵעַ֣לH5921Preposition-mJonah’sלְיוֹנָ֗הH3124Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singularעַל־עַל־H5921Prepositionheadרֹאשׁ֔וֹH7218Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularto easeלְהַצִּ֥ילH5337Preposition-l | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive constructhisל֖וֹPreposition | third person masculine singulardiscomfortמֵרָֽעָת֑וֹH7451Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singularand Jonahיוֹנָ֛הH3124Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .עַל־H5921Prepositionwas greatlyשִׂמְחָ֥הH8057Noun - feminine singular. . .גְדוֹלָֽה׃H1419Adjective - feminine singularpleasedוַיִּשְׂמַ֥חH8055Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularwith the plantהַקִּֽיקָי֖וֹןH7021Article | Noun - masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Hebrew qiqayon; that is, possibly the castor oil plant; also in verses 7, 9, and 10
Verse 7

Original words

When dawnהַשַּׁ֖חַרH7837Article | Noun - masculine singularcameבַּעֲל֥וֹתH5927Preposition-b | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructthe next dayלַֽמָּחֳרָ֑תH4283Preposition-l, Article | Noun - feminine singularGodהָֽאֱלֹהִים֙H430Article | Noun - masculine pluralappointedוַיְמַ֤ןH4487Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulara wormתּוֹלַ֔עַתH8438Noun - feminine singularthat attackedוַתַּ֥ךְH5221Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerthe plantהַקִּֽיקָי֖וֹןH7021Article | Noun - masculine singularso that it witheredוַיִּיבָֽשׁ׃H3001Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 8

Original words

-וַיְהִ֣י׀H1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularAs the sunהַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁH8121Article | Noun - common singularwas risingכִּזְרֹ֣חַH2224Preposition-k | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructGodאֱלֹהִ֜יםH430Noun - masculine pluralappointedוַיְמַ֨ןH4487Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulara scorchingחֲרִישִׁ֔יתH2759Adjective - feminine singulareastקָדִים֙H6921Noun - masculine singularwindר֤וּחַH7307Noun - common singular constructand the sunהַשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁH8121Article | Noun - common singularbeat downוַתַּ֥ךְH5221Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singularonעַל־H5921PrepositionJonah’sיוֹנָ֖הH3124Noun - proper - masculine singularheadרֹ֥אשׁH7218Noun - masculine singular constructso that he grew faintוַיִּתְעַלָּ֑ףH5968Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hitpael - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular-נַפְשׁוֹ֙H5315Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singularand wishedוַיִּשְׁאַ֤לH7592Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerto dieלָמ֔וּתH4191Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructsayingוַיֹּ֕אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularIt is betterט֥וֹבH2896Adjective - masculine singularfor me to dieמוֹתִ֖יH4194Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singularthan to liveמֵחַיָּֽי׃H2416Preposition-m | Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common singular
Verse 9

Original words

Then Godאֱלֹהִים֙H430Noun - masculine plural. . .אֶל־H413Prepositionaskedוַיֹּ֤אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularJonahיוֹנָ֔הH3124Noun - proper - masculine singularHave youלְךָ֖Preposition | second person masculine singularany rightהַהֵיטֵ֥בH3190Verb - Hifil - Infinitive absoluteto be angryחָרָֽה־H2734Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularaboutעַל־H5921Prepositionthe plantהַקִּֽיקָי֑וֹןH7021Article | Noun - masculine singularI doהֵיטֵ֥בH3190Verb - Hifil - Infinitive absolutehe repliedוַיֹּ֕אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularI am angryחָֽרָה־H2734Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularenough toעַד־H5704Prepositiondieמָֽוֶת׃H4194Noun - masculine singular
Verse 10

Original words

But the LORDיְהוָ֔הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularsaidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularYouאַתָּ֥הH859Pronoun - second person masculine singularcaredחַ֙סְתָּ֙H2347Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singularaboutעַל־H5921Prepositionthe plantהַקִּ֣יקָי֔וֹןH7021Article | Noun - masculine singularwhichאֲשֶׁ֛רH834Pronoun - relativeyou neitherלֹא־H3808Adverb - Negative particletendedעָמַ֥לְתָּH5998Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singularnorוְלֹ֣אH3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particlemade growגִדַּלְתּ֑וֹH1431Verb - Piel - Perfect - second person masculine singular | third person masculine singularIt sprang upהָיָ֖הH1961Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularin a nightשֶׁבִּן־H1121Pronoun - relative | Noun - masculine singular construct. . .לַ֥יְלָהH3915Noun - masculine singularand perishedאָבָֽד׃H6Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularin a nightוּבִן־H1121Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct. . .לַ֥יְלָהH3915Noun - masculine singular
Verse 11

Original words

So should Iוַֽאֲנִי֙H589Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - first person common singularnotלֹ֣אH3808Adverb - Negative particlecareאָח֔וּסH2347Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singularaboutעַל־H5921Prepositionthe greatהַגְּדוֹלָ֑הH1419Article | Adjective - feminine singularcityהָעִ֣ירH5892Article | Noun - feminine singularof Ninevehנִינְוֵ֖הH5210Noun - proper - feminine singularwhichאֲשֶׁ֣רH834Pronoun - relativehasיֶשׁ־H3426Adverbmore thanהַרְבֵּה֩H7235Verb - Hifil - Infinitive absolute120,000 {}מִֽשְׁתֵּים־H8147Preposition-m | Number - fd. . .עֶשְׂרֵ֨הH6240Number - feminine singular. . .רִבּ֜וֹH7239Number - feminine singularpeopleאָדָ֗םH120Noun - masculine singularwhoאֲשֶׁ֤רH834Pronoun - relativecannotלֹֽא־H3808Adverb - Negative particletellיָדַע֙H3045Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular. . .בֵּין־H996Prepositiontheir right handיְמִינ֣וֹH3225Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singularfrom their leftלִשְׂמֹאל֔וֹH8040Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularand manyרַבָּֽה׃H7227Adjective - feminine singularcattle as wellוּבְהֵמָ֖הH929Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.