Focused Passage

Genesis 38:1-30

Judah Descends into Corruption, Tamar Secures Justice, and the Line of Promise Moves Forward Through Exposure and Reversal

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1 About that time, Judah left his brothers and settled near a man named Hirah, an Adullamite.

2 There Judah saw the daughter of a Canaanite man named Shua, and he took her as a wife and slept with her.

3 So she conceived and gave birth to a son, and Judah named him Er.

4 Again she conceived and gave birth to a son, and she named him Onan.

5 Then she gave birth to another son and named him Shelah; it was at Chezib that she gave birth to him.

6 Now Judah acquired a wife for Er, his firstborn, and her name was Tamar.

7 But Er, Judah’s firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the LORD; so the LORD put him to death.

8 Then Judah said to Onan, “Sleep with your brother’s wife. Perform your duty as her brother-in-law and raise up offspring for your brother.”

9 But Onan knew that the offspring would not belong to him; so whenever he would sleep with his brother’s wife, he would spill his seed on the ground so that he would not produce offspring for his brother.

10 What he did was wicked in the sight of the LORD, so He put Onan to death as well.

11 Then Judah said to his daughter-in-law Tamar, “Live as a widow in your father’s house until my son Shelah grows up.” For he thought, “He may die too, like his brothers.” So Tamar went to live in her father’s house.

12 After a long time Judah’s wife, the daughter of Shua, died. When Judah had finished mourning, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite went up to his sheepshearers at Timnah.

13 When Tamar was told, “Your father-in-law is going up to Timnah to shear his sheep,”

14 she removed her widow’s garments, covered her face with a veil to disguise herself, and sat at the entrance to Enaim, which is on the way to Timnah. For she saw that although Shelah had grown up, she had not been given to him as a wife.

15 When Judah saw her, he thought she was a prostitute because she had covered her face.

16 Not realizing that she was his daughter-in-law, he went over to her and said, “Come now, let me sleep with you.” “What will you give me for sleeping with you?” she inquired.

17 “I will send you a young goat from my flock,” Judah answered. But she replied, “Only if you leave me something as a pledge until you send it.”

18 “What pledge should I give you?” he asked. She answered, “Your seal and your cord, and the staff in your hand.” So he gave them to her and slept with her, and she became pregnant by him.

19 Then Tamar got up and departed. And she removed her veil and put on her widow’s garments again.

20 Now when Judah sent his friend Hirah the Adullamite with the young goat to collect the items he had left with the woman, he could not find her.

21 He asked the men of that place, “Where is the shrine prostitute who was beside the road at Enaim?” “No shrine prostitute has been here,” they answered.

22 So Hirah returned to Judah and said, “I could not find her, and furthermore, the men of that place said, ‘No shrine prostitute has been here.’”

23 “Let her keep the items,” Judah replied. “Otherwise we will become a laughingstock. After all, I did send her this young goat, but you could not find her.”

24 About three months later, Judah was told, “Your daughter-in-law Tamar has prostituted herself, and now she is pregnant.” “Bring her out!” Judah replied. “Let her be burned to death!”

25 As she was being brought out, Tamar sent a message to her father-in-law: “I am pregnant by the man to whom these items belong.” And she added, “Please examine them. Whose seal and cord and staff are these?”

26 Judah recognized the items and said, “She is more righteous than I, since I did not give her to my son Shelah.” And he did not have relations with her again.

27 When the time came for Tamar to give birth, there were twins in her womb.

28 And as she was giving birth, one of them put out his hand; so the midwife took a scarlet thread and tied it around his wrist. “This one came out first,” she announced.

29 But when he pulled his hand back and his brother came out, she said, “You have broken out first!” So he was named Perez.

30 Then his brother came out with the scarlet thread around his wrist, and he was named Zerah.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

About וַֽיְהִי֙ H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular that הַהִ֔וא H1931 Article | Pronoun - third person feminine singular time בָּעֵ֣ת H6256 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - common singular Judah יְהוּדָ֖ה H3063 Noun - proper - masculine singular . . . מֵאֵ֣ת H854 Preposition-m | Direct object marker left וַיֵּ֥רֶד H3381 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular his brothers אֶחָ֑יו H251 Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular and settled וַיֵּ֛ט H5186 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular near עַד־ H5704 Preposition a man אִ֥ישׁ H376 Noun - masculine singular construct named וּשְׁמ֥וֹ H8034 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular Hirah חִירָֽה׃ H2437 Noun - proper - masculine singular an Adullamite עֲדֻלָּמִ֖י H5726 Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 2

Original words

There שָׁ֧ם H8033 Adverb Judah יְהוּדָ֛ה H3063 Noun - proper - masculine singular saw וַיַּרְא־ H7200 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular the daughter בַּת־ H1323 Noun - feminine singular construct of a Canaanite כְּנַעֲנִ֖י H3669 Noun - proper - masculine singular man אִ֥ישׁ H376 Noun - masculine singular named וּשְׁמ֣וֹ H8034 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular Shua שׁ֑וּעַ H7770 Noun - proper - feminine singular and he took her as a wife וַיִּקָּחֶ֖הָ H3947 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person feminine singular and slept with וַיָּבֹ֥א H935 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular her אֵלֶֽיהָ׃ H413 Preposition | third person feminine singular
Verse 3

Original words

So she conceived וַתַּ֖הַר H2029 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular and gave birth to וַתֵּ֣לֶד H3205 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular a son בֵּ֑ן H1121 Noun - masculine singular and [Judah] named וַיִּקְרָ֥א H7121 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker him שְׁמ֖וֹ H8034 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular Er עֵֽר׃ H6147 Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 4

Original words

Again ע֖וֹד H5750 Adverb she conceived וַתַּ֥הַר H2029 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular and gave birth to וַתֵּ֣לֶד H3205 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular a son בֵּ֑ן H1121 Noun - masculine singular and she named וַתִּקְרָ֥א H7121 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker him שְׁמ֖וֹ H8034 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular Onan אוֹנָֽן׃ H209 Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 5

Original words

Then she gave birth to וַתֵּ֣לֶד H3205 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular another וַתֹּ֤סֶף H3254 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular . . . עוֹד֙ H5750 Adverb son בֵּ֔ן H1121 Noun - masculine singular and named וַתִּקְרָ֥א H7121 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker him שְׁמ֖וֹ H8034 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular Shelah שֵׁלָ֑ה H7956 Noun - proper - masculine singular it was וְהָיָ֥ה H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular at Chezib בִכְזִ֖יב H3580 Preposition-b | Noun - proper - feminine singular that she gave birth to him בְּלִדְתָּ֥הּ H3205 Preposition-b | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person feminine singular - אֹתֽוֹ׃ H853 Direct object marker | third person masculine singular
Verse 6

Original words

Now Judah יְהוּדָ֛ה H3063 Noun - proper - masculine singular acquired וַיִּקַּ֧ח H3947 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular a wife אִשָּׁ֖ה H802 Noun - feminine singular for Er לְעֵ֣ר H6147 Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular his firstborn בְּכוֹר֑וֹ H1060 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular and her name וּשְׁמָ֖הּ H8034 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singular was Tamar תָּמָֽר׃ H8559 Noun - proper - feminine singular
Verse 7

Original words

But וַיְהִ֗י H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Er עֵ֚ר H6147 Noun - proper - masculine singular Judah’s יְהוּדָ֔ה H3063 Noun - proper - masculine singular firstborn בְּכ֣וֹר H1060 Noun - masculine singular construct was wicked רַ֖ע H7451 Adjective - masculine singular in the sight בְּעֵינֵ֣י H5869 Preposition-b | Noun - cdc of the LORD יְהוָ֑ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular so the LORD יְהוָֽה׃ H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular put him to death וַיְמִתֵ֖הוּ H4191 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular
Verse 8

Original words

Then Judah יְהוּדָה֙ H3063 Noun - proper - masculine singular said וַיֹּ֤אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to Onan לְאוֹנָ֔ן H209 Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular Sleep with בֹּ֛א H935 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular . . . אֶל־ H413 Preposition your brother’s אָחִ֖יךָ H251 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular wife אֵ֥שֶׁת H802 Noun - feminine singular construct Perform your duty as her brother-in-law וְיַבֵּ֣ם H2992 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Imperative - masculine singular - אֹתָ֑הּ H853 Direct object marker | third person feminine singular and raise up וְהָקֵ֥ם H6965 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine singular offspring זֶ֖רַע H2233 Noun - masculine singular for your brother לְאָחִֽיךָ׃ H251 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular
Verse 9

Original words

But Onan אוֹנָ֔ן H209 Noun - proper - masculine singular knew וַיֵּ֣דַע H3045 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular that כִּ֛י H3588 Conjunction the offspring הַזָּ֑רַע H2233 Article | Noun - masculine singular . . . וְהָיָ֞ה H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular would not לֹּ֥א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle belong יִהְיֶ֣ה H1961 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular to him ל֖וֹ Preposition | third person masculine singular so whenever אִם־ H518 Conjunction he would sleep with בָּ֨א H935 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular . . . אֶל־ H413 Preposition his brother’s אָחִיו֙ H251 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular wife אֵ֤שֶׁת H802 Noun - feminine singular construct he would spill his seed וְשִׁחֵ֣ת H7843 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular on the ground אַ֔רְצָה H776 Noun - feminine singular | third person feminine singular so that he would not לְבִלְתִּ֥י H1115 Preposition-l produce נְתָן־ H5414 Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct offspring זֶ֖רַע H2233 Noun - masculine singular for his brother לְאָחִֽיו׃ H251 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Verse 10

Original words

What אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834 Pronoun - relative he did עָשָׂ֑ה H6213 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular was wicked וַיֵּ֛רַע H7489 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular in the sight בְּעֵינֵ֥י H5869 Preposition-b | Noun - cdc of the LORD יְהוָ֖ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular so He put [Onan] to death וַיָּ֖מֶת H4191 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular as well גַּם־ H1571 Conjunction - אֹתֽוֹ׃ H853 Direct object marker | third person masculine singular
Verse 11

Original words

Then Judah יְהוּדָה֩ H3063 Noun - proper - masculine singular said וַיֹּ֣אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to his daughter-in-law כַּלָּת֜וֹ H3618 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular Tamar לְתָמָ֨ר H8559 Preposition-l | Noun - proper - feminine singular Live שְׁבִ֧י H3427 Verb - Qal - Imperative - feminine singular as a widow אַלְמָנָ֣ה H490 Noun - feminine singular in your father’s אָבִ֗יךְ H1 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person feminine singular house בֵית־ H1004 Noun - masculine singular construct until עַד־ H5704 Preposition my son בְנִ֔י H1121 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular Shelah שֵׁלָ֣ה H7956 Noun - proper - masculine singular grows up יִגְדַּל֙ H1431 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular For כִּ֣י H3588 Conjunction he thought אָמַ֔ר H559 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular He ה֖וּא H1931 Pronoun - third person masculine singular may פֶּן־ H6435 Conjunction die יָמ֥וּת H4191 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular too גַּם־ H1571 Conjunction like his brothers כְּאֶחָ֑יו H251 Preposition-k | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular So Tamar תָּמָ֔ר H8559 Noun - proper - feminine singular went וַתֵּ֣לֶךְ H1980 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular to live וַתֵּ֖שֶׁב H3427 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular in her father’s אָבִֽיהָ׃ H1 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singular house בֵּ֥ית H1004 Noun - masculine singular construct
Verse 12

Original words

After a long וַיִּרְבּוּ֙ H7235 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural time הַיָּמִ֔ים H3117 Article | Noun - masculine plural Judah’s יְהוּדָ֑ה H3063 Noun - proper - masculine singular wife אֵֽשֶׁת־ H802 Noun - feminine singular construct the daughter בַּת־ H1323 Noun - feminine singular construct of Shua שׁ֣וּעַ H7770 Noun - proper - feminine singular died וַתָּ֖מָת H4191 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular When Judah יְהוּדָ֗ה H3063 Noun - proper - masculine singular had finished mourning וַיִּנָּ֣חֶם H5162 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular he ה֗וּא H1931 Pronoun - third person masculine singular and his friend רֵעֵ֥הוּ H7453 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular Hirah וְחִירָ֛ה H2437 Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular the Adullamite הָעֲדֻלָּמִ֖י H5726 Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular went up וַיַּ֜עַל H5927 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to עַל־ H5921 Preposition his sheepshearers גֹּֽזֲזֵ֤י H1494 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct . . . צֹאנוֹ֙ H6629 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular at Timnah תִּמְנָֽתָה׃ H8553 Noun - proper - feminine singular | third person feminine singular
Verse 13

Original words

When Tamar לְתָמָ֖ר H8559 Preposition-l | Noun - proper - feminine singular . . . לֵאמֹ֑ר H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct . . . הִנֵּ֥ה H2009 Interjection was told וַיֻּגַּ֥ד H5046 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hofal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Your father-in-law חָמִ֛יךְ H2524 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person feminine singular is going up עֹלֶ֥ה H5927 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular to Timnah תִמְנָ֖תָה H8553 Noun - proper - feminine singular | third person feminine singular to shear לָגֹ֥ז H1494 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct his sheep צֹאנֽוֹ׃ H6629 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Verse 14

Original words

she removed וַתָּסַר֩ H5493 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular her מֵֽעָלֶ֗יהָ H5921 Preposition-m | third person feminine singular widow’s אַלְמְנוּתָ֜הּ H491 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person feminine singular garments בִּגְדֵ֨י H899 Noun - masculine plural construct covered her face וַתִּתְעַלָּ֔ף H5968 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hitpael - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular with a veil בַּצָּעִיף֙ H6809 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular to disguise herself וַתְּכַ֤ס H3680 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular and sat וַתֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ H3427 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular at the entrance בְּפֶ֣תַח H6607 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct to Enaim עֵינַ֔יִם H5879 Noun - proper - feminine singular which אֲשֶׁ֖ר H834 Pronoun - relative is on עַל־ H5921 Preposition the way דֶּ֣רֶךְ H1870 Noun - common singular construct to Timnah תִּמְנָ֑תָה H8553 Noun - proper - feminine singular | third person feminine singular For כִּ֤י H3588 Conjunction she saw רָאֲתָה֙ H7200 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular that כִּֽי־ H3588 Conjunction although Shelah שֵׁלָ֔ה H7956 Noun - proper - masculine singular had grown up גָדַ֣ל H1431 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular she וְהִ֕וא H1931 Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - third person feminine singular had not לֹֽא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle been given נִתְּנָ֥ה H5414 Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person feminine singular to him ל֖וֹ Preposition | third person masculine singular as a wife לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ H802 Preposition-l | Noun - feminine singular
Verse 15

Original words

When Judah יְהוּדָ֔ה H3063 Noun - proper - masculine singular saw her וַיִּרְאֶ֣הָ H7200 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person feminine singular he thought וַֽיַּחְשְׁבֶ֖הָ H2803 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person feminine singular she was a prostitute לְזוֹנָ֑ה H2181 Preposition-l | Noun - feminine singular because כִּ֥י H3588 Conjunction she had covered כִסְּתָ֖ה H3680 Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person feminine singular her face פָּנֶֽיהָ׃ H6440 Noun - masculine plural construct | third person feminine singular
Verse 16

Original words

- הַדֶּ֗רֶךְ H1870 Article | Noun - common singular - כִּ֚י H3588 Conjunction Not לֹ֣א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle realizing יָדַ֔ע H3045 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular that כִּ֥י H3588 Conjunction she הִ֑וא H1931 Pronoun - third person feminine singular was his daughter-in-law כַלָּת֖וֹ H3618 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular he went over וַיֵּ֨ט H5186 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to her אֵלֶ֜יהָ H413 Preposition | third person feminine singular and said וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Come הָֽבָה־ H3051 Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular | third person feminine singular now נָּא֙ H4994 Interjection let me sleep with אָב֣וֹא H935 Verb - Qal - Imperfect Cohortative if contextual - first person common singular you אֶל־ H413 Preposition What מַה־ H4100 Interrogative will you give תִּתֶּן־ H5414 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular me לִּ֔י Preposition | first person common singular for כִּ֥י H3588 Conjunction sleeping with תָב֖וֹא H935 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular . . . אֵלָֽי׃ H413 Preposition | first person common singular you אֵלַ֔יִךְ H413 Preposition | second person feminine singular she inquired וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Verse 17

Original words

I אָנֹכִ֛י H595 Pronoun - first person common singular will send you אֲשַׁלַּ֥ח H7971 Verb - Piel - Imperfect - first person common singular a young goat גְּדִֽי־ H1423 Noun - masculine singular construct . . . עִזִּ֖ים H5795 Noun - feminine plural from מִן־ H4480 Preposition my flock הַצֹּ֑אן H6629 Article | Noun - common singular [Judah] answered וַיֹּ֕אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular But she replied וַתֹּ֕אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular Only if אִם־ H518 Conjunction you leave me תִּתֵּ֥ן H5414 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular something as a pledge עֵרָב֖וֹן H6162 Noun - masculine singular until עַ֥ד H5704 Preposition you send it שָׁלְחֶֽךָ׃ H7971 Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | second person masculine singular
Verse 18

Original words

What מָ֣ה H4100 Interrogative pledge הָֽעֵרָבוֹן֮ H6162 Article | Noun - masculine singular - אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834 Pronoun - relative should I give אֶתֶּן־ H5414 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singular you לָּךְ֒ Preposition | second person feminine singular he asked וַיֹּ֗אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular She answered וַתֹּ֗אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular Your seal חֹתָֽמְךָ֙ H2368 Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular and your cord וּפְתִילֶ֔ךָ H6616 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular and the staff וּמַטְּךָ֖ H4294 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular - אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834 Pronoun - relative in your hand בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ H3027 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine singular So he gave them וַיִּתֶּן־ H5414 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to her לָּ֛הּ Preposition | third person feminine singular and slept with וַיָּבֹ֥א H935 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular her אֵלֶ֖יהָ H413 Preposition | third person feminine singular and she became pregnant וַתַּ֥הַר H2029 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular by him לֽוֹ׃ Preposition | third person masculine singular
Verse 19

Original words

Then Tamar got up וַתָּ֣קָם H6965 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular and departed וַתֵּ֔לֶךְ H1980 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular And she removed וַתָּ֥סַר H5493 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular her veil צְעִיפָ֖הּ H6809 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singular . . . מֵעָלֶ֑יהָ H5921 Preposition-m | third person feminine singular and put on her widow’s אַלְמְנוּתָֽהּ׃ H491 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person feminine singular garments בִּגְדֵ֥י H899 Noun - masculine plural construct again וַתִּלְבַּ֖שׁ H3847 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Verse 20

Original words

Now when Judah יְהוּדָ֜ה H3063 Noun - proper - masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker sent וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח H7971 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular his friend [Hirah] רֵעֵ֣הוּ H7453 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular the Adullamite הָֽעֲדֻלָּמִ֔י H5726 Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular with בְּיַד֙ H3027 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct the young goat גְּדִ֣י H1423 Noun - masculine singular construct . . . הָֽעִזִּ֗ים H5795 Article | Noun - feminine plural to collect לָקַ֥חַת H3947 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct the items he had left with הָעֵרָב֖וֹן H6162 Article | Noun - masculine singular . . . מִיַּ֣ד H3027 Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct the woman הָאִשָּׁ֑ה H802 Article | Noun - feminine singular he could not וְלֹ֖א H3808 Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle find her מְצָאָֽהּ׃ H4672 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular | third person feminine singular
Verse 21

Original words

He asked וַיִּשְׁאַ֞ל H7592 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker לֵאמֹ֔ר לֵאמֹ֔ר H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct the men אַנְשֵׁ֤י H582 Noun - masculine plural construct of that place מְקֹמָהּ֙ H4725 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singular Where אַיֵּ֧ה H346 Interrogative is the shrine prostitute הַקְּדֵשָׁ֛ה H6948 Article | Adjective - feminine singular who הִ֥וא H1931 Pronoun - third person feminine singular was beside עַל־ H5921 Preposition the road הַדָּ֑רֶךְ H1870 Article | Noun - common singular at Enaim בָעֵינַ֖יִם H5879 Preposition-b, Article | Noun - proper - feminine singular No לֹא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle shrine prostitute קְדֵשָֽׁה׃ H6948 Adjective - feminine singular has been הָיְתָ֥ה H1961 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular here בָזֶ֖ה H2088 Preposition-b | Pronoun - masculine singular they answered וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural
Verse 22

Original words

So [Hirah] returned וַיָּ֙שָׁב֙ H7725 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular to אֶל־ H413 Preposition Judah יְהוּדָ֔ה H3063 Noun - proper - masculine singular and said וַיֹּ֖אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular I could not לֹ֣א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle find her מְצָאתִ֑יהָ H4672 Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular | third person feminine singular and furthermore וְגַ֨ם H1571 Conjunction the men אַנְשֵׁ֤י H582 Noun - masculine plural construct of that place הַמָּקוֹם֙ H4725 Article | Noun - masculine singular said אָֽמְר֔וּ H559 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural No לֹא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle shrine prostitute קְדֵשָֽׁה׃ H6948 Adjective - feminine singular has been הָיְתָ֥ה H1961 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular here בָזֶ֖ה H2088 Preposition-b | Pronoun - masculine singular
Verse 23

Original words

Let her לָ֔הּ Preposition | third person feminine singular keep the items תִּֽקַּֽח־ H3947 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine singular Judah יְהוּדָה֙ H3063 Noun - proper - masculine singular replied וַיֹּ֤אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Otherwise פֶּ֖ן H6435 Conjunction we will become נִהְיֶ֣ה H1961 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common plural a laughingstock לָב֑וּז H937 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular After all הִנֵּ֤ה H2009 Interjection I did send her שָׁלַ֙חְתִּי֙ H7971 Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular this הַזֶּ֔ה H2088 Article | Pronoun - masculine singular young goat הַגְּדִ֣י H1423 Article | Noun - masculine singular but you וְאַתָּ֖ה H859 Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - second person masculine singular could not לֹ֥א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle find her מְצָאתָֽהּ׃ H4672 Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singular | third person feminine singular

BSB notes

  • Or we will become despised
Verse 24

Original words

About וַיְהִ֣י׀ H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular three כְּמִשְׁלֹ֣שׁ H7969 Preposition-k, Preposition-m | Number - feminine singular construct months later חֳדָשִׁ֗ים H2320 Noun - masculine plural Judah לִֽיהוּדָ֤ה H3063 Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular was told וַיֻּגַּ֨ד H5046 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hofal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular לֵֽאמֹר֙ לֵֽאמֹר֙ H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct Your daughter-in-law כַּלָּתֶ֔ךָ H3618 Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine singular Tamar תָּמָ֣ר H8559 Noun - proper - feminine singular has prostituted herself זָֽנְתָה֙ H2181 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular and וְגַ֛ם H1571 Conjunction now הִנֵּ֥ה H2009 Interjection she is pregnant הָרָ֖ה H2030 Adjective - feminine singular . . . לִזְנוּנִ֑ים H2183 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural Bring her out הוֹצִיא֖וּהָ H3318 Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine plural | third person feminine singular Judah יְהוּדָ֔ה H3063 Noun - proper - masculine singular replied וַיֹּ֣אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Let her be burned to death וְתִשָּׂרֵֽף׃ H8313 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Conjunctive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Verse 25

Original words

As she הִ֣וא H1931 Pronoun - third person feminine singular was being brought out מוּצֵ֗את H3318 Verb - Hofal - Participle - feminine singular [Tamar] וְהִ֨יא H1931 Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - third person feminine singular sent שָׁלְחָ֤ה H7971 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular a message לֵאמֹ֔ר H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct לְאִישׁ֙ לְאִישׁ֙ H376 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular to her אֶל־ H413 Preposition father-in-law חָמִ֙יהָ֙ H2524 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singular I am אָנֹכִ֖י H595 Pronoun - first person common singular pregnant הָרָ֑ה H2030 Adjective - feminine singular by the man to whom אֲשֶׁר־ H834 Pronoun - relative these items אֵ֣לֶּה H428 Pronoun - common plural belong לּ֔וֹ Preposition | third person masculine singular And she added וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular Please נָ֔א H4994 Interjection examine them הַכֶּר־ H5234 Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine singular Whose לְמִ֞י H4310 Preposition-l | Interrogative seal הַחֹתֶ֧מֶת H2858 Article | Noun - feminine singular and cord וְהַפְּתִילִ֛ים H6616 Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine plural and staff וְהַמַּטֶּ֖ה H4294 Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singular are these הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ H428 Article | Pronoun - common plural
Verse 26

Original words

Judah יְהוּדָ֗ה H3063 Noun - proper - masculine singular recognized [the items] וַיַּכֵּ֣ר H5234 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular and said וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular She is more righteous צָֽדְקָ֣ה H6663 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular than I מִמֶּ֔נִּי H4480 Preposition | first person common singular since כִּֽי־ H3588 Conjunction . . . עַל־ H5921 Preposition . . . כֵּ֥ן H3651 Adverb I did not לֹא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle give her נְתַתִּ֖יהָ H5414 Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular | third person feminine singular to my son בְנִ֑י H1121 Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular Shelah לְשֵׁלָ֣ה H7956 Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular And he did not וְלֹֽא־ H3808 Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle have relations with her לְדַעְתָּֽה׃ H3045 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person feminine singular again יָסַ֥ף H3254 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular . . . ע֖וֹד H5750 Adverb
Verse 27

Original words

When the time בְּעֵ֣ת H6256 Preposition-b | Noun - common singular construct came וַיְהִ֖י H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular for [Tamar] to give birth לִדְתָּ֑הּ H3205 Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person feminine singular there וְהִנֵּ֥ה H2009 Conjunctive waw | Interjection were twins תְאוֹמִ֖ים H8380 Noun - masculine plural in her womb בְּבִטְנָֽהּ׃ H990 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person feminine singular
Verse 28

Original words

And וַיְהִ֥י H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular as she was giving birth בְלִדְתָּ֖הּ H3205 Preposition-b | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person feminine singular one of them put out וַיִּתֶּן־ H5414 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular his hand יָ֑ד H3027 Noun - feminine singular so the midwife הַמְיַלֶּ֗דֶת H3205 Article | Verb - Piel - Participle - feminine singular took וַתִּקַּ֣ח H3947 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular a scarlet thread שָׁנִי֙ H8144 Noun - masculine singular and tied [it] וַתִּקְשֹׁ֨ר H7194 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular around עַל־ H5921 Preposition his wrist יָד֤וֹ H3027 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular This זֶ֖ה H2088 Pronoun - masculine singular one came out יָצָ֥א H3318 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular first רִאשֹׁנָֽה׃ H7223 Adjective - feminine singular she announced לֵאמֹ֔ר H559 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Verse 29

Original words

- וַיְהִ֣י׀ H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular But when he pulled his hand יָד֗וֹ H3027 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular . . . וְהִנֵּה֙ H2009 Conjunctive waw | Interjection back כְּמֵשִׁ֣יב H7725 Preposition-k | Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singular and his brother אָחִ֔יו H251 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular came out יָצָ֣א H3318 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular she said וַתֹּ֕אמֶר H559 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular . . . מַה־ H4100 Interrogative You have broken out first פָּרַ֖צְתָּ H6555 Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singular . . . עָלֶ֣יךָ H5921 Preposition | second person masculine singular . . . פָּ֑רֶץ H6556 Noun - masculine singular So he was named וַיִּקְרָ֥א H7121 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . שְׁמ֖וֹ H8034 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular Perez פָּֽרֶץ׃ H6557 Noun - proper - masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Perez means breaking out.
Verse 30

Original words

Then וְאַחַר֙ H310 Conjunctive waw | Adverb his brother אָחִ֔יו H251 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular came out יָצָ֣א H3318 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular with אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834 Pronoun - relative the scarlet thread הַשָּׁנִ֑י H8144 Article | Noun - masculine singular around עַל־ H5921 Preposition his wrist יָד֖וֹ H3027 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular and he was named וַיִּקְרָ֥א H7121 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular . . . שְׁמ֖וֹ H8034 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular Zerah זָֽרַח׃ס H2226 Noun - proper - masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Zerah can mean scarlet or brightness.

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.