Focused Passage

Acts 3:11-26

The Risen Christ Heals and Calls Israel to Repentance

A lame man is healed in Jesus' name, the crowd gathers in amazement, and Peter proclaims that Israel must repent and turn to the risen Messiah for forgiveness and promised restoration.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

11 While the man clung to Peter and John, all the people were astonished and ran to them in the walkway called Solomon’s Colonnade.

12 And when Peter saw this, he addressed the people: “Men of Israel, why are you surprised by this? Why do you stare at us as if by our own power or godliness we had made this man walk?

13 The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the God of our fathers, has glorified His servant Jesus. You handed Him over and rejected Him before Pilate, even though he had decided to release Him.

14 You rejected the Holy and Righteous One and asked that a murderer be released to you.

15 You killed the Author of life, but God raised Him from the dead, and we are witnesses of this fact.

16 By faith in the name of Jesus, this man whom you see and know has been made strong. It is Jesus’ name and the faith that comes through Him that has given him this complete healing in your presence.

17 And now, brothers, I know that you acted in ignorance, as did your leaders.

18 But in this way God has fulfilled what He foretold through all the prophets, saying that His Christ would suffer.

19 Repent, then, and turn back, so that your sins may be wiped away,

20 that times of refreshing may come from the presence of the Lord, and that He may send Jesus, the Christ, who has been appointed for you.

21 Heaven must take Him in until the time comes for the restoration of all things, which God announced long ago through His holy prophets.

22 For Moses said, ‘The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your brothers. You must listen to Him in everything He tells you.

23 Everyone who does not listen to Him will be completely cut off from among his people.’

24 Indeed, all the prophets from Samuel on, as many as have spoken, have proclaimed these days.

25 And you are sons of the prophets and of the covenant God made with your fathers when He said to Abraham, ‘Through your offspring all the families of the earth will be blessed.’

26 When God raised up His Servant, He sent Him first to you to bless you by turning each of you from your wicked ways.”

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 11

Original words

[While] δὲ G1161 Conjunction [the man] αὐτοῦ G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular clung to Κρατοῦντος G2902 Verb - Present Participle Active - Genitive Masculine Singular - τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular Peter Πέτρον G4074 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction - τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular John Ἰωάννην G2491 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular all πᾶς G3956 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Singular the G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular people λαὸς G2992 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular were astonished ἔκθαμβοι G1569 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural [and] ran συνέδραμεν G4936 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular to πρὸς G4314 Preposition them αὐτοὺς G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Plural in ἐπὶ G1909 Preposition the [walkway] τῇ G3588 Article - Dative Feminine Singular - τῇ G3588 Article - Dative Feminine Singular called καλουμένῃ G2564 Verb - Present Participle Middle or Passive - Dative Feminine Singular Solomon’s Σολομῶντος G4672 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular Colonnade στοᾷ G4745 Noun - Dative Feminine Singular

BSB notes

  • Literally in the colonnade called Solomon’s
Verse 12

Original words

And δὲ G1161 Conjunction - G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular [when] Peter Πέτρος G4074 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular saw [this] ἰδὼν G3708 Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Singular he addressed ἀπεκρίνατο G611 Verb - Aorist Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Singular - πρὸς G4314 Preposition the τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular people λαόν G2992 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular Men Ἄνδρες G435 Noun - Vocative Masculine Plural of Israel Ἰσραηλῖται G2475 Noun - Vocative Masculine Plural why τί G5101 Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singular are you surprised θαυμάζετε G2296 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person Plural by ἐπὶ G1909 Preposition this τούτῳ G3778 Demonstrative Pronoun - Dative Neuter Singular - G2228 Conjunction Why τί G5101 Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singular do you stare ἀτενίζετε G816 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person Plural at us ἡμῖν G1473 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 1st Person Plural as if ὡς G5613 Adverb by [our] own ἰδίᾳ G2398 Adjective - Dative Feminine Singular power δυνάμει G1411 Noun - Dative Feminine Singular or G2228 Conjunction godliness εὐσεβείᾳ G2150 Noun - Dative Feminine Singular [we] had made πεποιηκόσιν G4160 Verb - Perfect Participle Active - Dative Masculine Plural [this man] αὐτόν G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Singular - τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Neuter Singular walk περιπατεῖν G4043 Verb - Present Infinitive Active
Verse 13

Original words

The G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular God Θεὸς G2316 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular of Abraham Ἀβραὰμ G11 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular - καὶ G2532 Conjunction - G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular - θεὸς G2316 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular Isaac Ἰσαὰκ G2464 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction - G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular - θεὸς G2316 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular Jacob Ἰακώβ G2384 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular the G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular God Θεὸς G2316 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular of our ἡμῶν G1473 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Plural - τῶν G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Plural fathers πατέρων G3962 Noun - Genitive Masculine Plural has glorified ἐδόξασεν G1392 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular His αὐτοῦ G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular - τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular servant Παῖδα G3816 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular Jesus Ἰησοῦν G2424 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular You ὑμεῖς G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 2nd Person Plural - μὲν G3303 Particle handed [Him over] παρεδώκατε G3860 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 2nd Person Plural and καὶ G2532 Conjunction rejected ἠρνήσασθε G720 Verb - Aorist Indicative Middle - 2nd Person Plural [Him] ὃν G3739 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Singular vvv κατὰ G2596 Preposition before πρόσωπον G4383 Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular Pilate Πιλάτου G4091 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular [even though] he ἐκείνου G1565 Demonstrative Pronoun - Genitive Masculine Singular had decided κρίναντος G2919 Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Genitive Masculine Singular to release [Him] ἀπολύειν G630 Verb - Present Infinitive Active

BSB notes

  • Or His child; also in verse 26
Verse 14

Original words

- δὲ G1161 Conjunction You ὑμεῖς G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 2nd Person Plural rejected ἠρνήσασθε G720 Verb - Aorist Indicative Middle - 2nd Person Plural the τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular Holy Ἅγιον G40 Adjective - Accusative Masculine Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction Righteous One Δίκαιον G1342 Adjective - Accusative Masculine Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction asked that ᾐτήσασθε G154 Verb - Aorist Indicative Middle - 2nd Person Plural vvv ἄνδρα G435 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular a murderer φονέα G5406 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular be released χαρισθῆναι G5483 Verb - Aorist Infinitive Passive to you ὑμῖν G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 2nd Person Plural
Verse 15

Original words

- δὲ G1161 Conjunction You killed ἀπεκτείνατε G615 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 2nd Person Plural the τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular Author Ἀρχηγὸν G747 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular - τῆς G3588 Article - Genitive Feminine Singular of life ζωῆς G2222 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular - G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular [but] God Θεὸς G2316 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular raised ἤγειρεν G1453 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular [Him] ὃν G3739 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Singular from ἐκ G1537 Preposition [the] dead νεκρῶν G3498 Adjective - Genitive Masculine Plural [and] we ἡμεῖς G1473 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 1st Person Plural are ἐσμεν G1510 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person Plural witnesses μάρτυρές G3144 Noun - Nominative Masculine Plural of this [fact] οὗ G3739 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Verse 16

Original words

- Καὶ G2532 Conjunction By ἐπὶ G1909 Preposition - τῇ G3588 Article - Dative Feminine Singular faith πίστει G4102 Noun - Dative Feminine Singular in τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Neuter Singular [the] name ὀνόματος G3686 Noun - Genitive Neuter Singular of Jesus αὐτοῦ G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular this [man] τοῦτον G3778 Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Singular whom ὃν G3739 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Singular you see θεωρεῖτε G2334 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person Plural and καὶ G2532 Conjunction know οἴδατε G1492 Verb - Perfect Indicative Active - 2nd Person Plural has been made strong ἐστερέωσεν G4732 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular [It is Jesus’] αὐτοῦ G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular - τὸ G3588 Article - Nominative Neuter Singular name ὄνομα G3686 Noun - Nominative Neuter Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction the G3588 Article - Nominative Feminine Singular faith πίστις G4102 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular that [comes] G3588 Article - Nominative Feminine Singular through δι’ G1223 Preposition Him αὐτοῦ G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular [that] has given ἔδωκεν G1325 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular him αὐτῷ G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Singular this ταύτην G3778 Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Feminine Singular complete healing ὁλοκληρίαν G3647 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular - τὴν G3588 Article - Accusative Feminine Singular in your presence ἀπέναντι G561 Preposition . . . πάντων G3956 Adjective - Genitive Masculine Plural . . . ὑμῶν G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person Plural
Verse 17

Original words

And Καὶ G2532 Conjunction now νῦν G3568 Adverb brothers ἀδελφοί G80 Noun - Vocative Masculine Plural I know οἶδα G1492 Verb - Perfect Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular that ὅτι G3754 Conjunction you acted ἐπράξατε G4238 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 2nd Person Plural in κατὰ G2596 Preposition ignorance ἄγνοιαν G52 Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular as [did] ὥσπερ G5618 Adverb your ὑμῶν G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person Plural - οἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Plural leaders ἄρχοντες G758 Noun - Nominative Masculine Plural - καὶ G2532 Conjunction
Verse 18

Original words

But δὲ G1161 Conjunction in this way οὕτως G3779 Adverb [God] has fulfilled ἐπλήρωσεν G4137 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular what G3739 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Plural - G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular [He] Θεὸς G2316 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular foretold προκατήγγειλεν G4293 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular through διὰ G1223 Preposition all πάντων G3956 Adjective - Genitive Masculine Plural the τῶν G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Plural prophets προφητῶν G4396 Noun - Genitive Masculine Plural [saying that] στόματος G4750 Noun - Genitive Neuter Singular His αὐτοῦ G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular - τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular Christ Χριστὸν G5547 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular would suffer παθεῖν G3958 Verb - Aorist Infinitive Active
Verse 19

Original words

Repent μετανοήσατε G3340 Verb - Aorist Imperative Active - 2nd Person Plural then οὖν G3767 Conjunction and καὶ G2532 Conjunction turn back ἐπιστρέψατε G1994 Verb - Aorist Imperative Active - 2nd Person Plural so that πρὸς G4314 Preposition your ὑμῶν G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person Plural - τὰς G3588 Article - Accusative Feminine Plural sins ἁμαρτίας G266 Noun - Accusative Feminine Plural - τὸ G3588 Article - Accusative Neuter Singular may be wiped away ἐξαλειφθῆναι G1813 Verb - Aorist Infinitive Passive
Verse 20

Original words

that ὅπως G3704 Conjunction . . . ἂν G302 Particle times καιροὶ G2540 Noun - Nominative Masculine Plural of refreshing ἀναψύξεως G403 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular may come ἔλθωσιν G2064 Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 3rd Person Plural from ἀπὸ G575 Preposition [the] presence προσώπου G4383 Noun - Genitive Neuter Singular of the τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular Lord Κυρίου G2962 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular and καὶ G2532 Conjunction [that] He may send ἀποστείλῃ G649 Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 3rd Person Singular Jesus Ἰησοῦν G2424 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular [the] Christ Χριστὸν G5547 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular who τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular has been appointed προκεχειρισμένον G4400 Verb - Perfect Participle Middle or Passive - Accusative Masculine Singular for you ὑμῖν G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 2nd Person Plural
Verse 21

Original words

Heaven οὐρανὸν G3772 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular - μὲν G3303 Particle must δεῖ G1163 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular take Him in δέξασθαι G1209 Verb - Aorist Infinitive Middle . . . ὃν G3739 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Singular until ἄχρι G891 Preposition [the] time [comes] χρόνων G5550 Noun - Genitive Masculine Plural for [the] restoration ἀποκαταστάσεως G605 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular of all things πάντων G3956 Adjective - Genitive Neuter Plural which ὧν G3739 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Genitive Neuter Plural - G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular God Θεὸς G2316 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular announced ἐλάλησεν G2980 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular vvv ἀπ’ G575 Preposition long ago αἰῶνος G165 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular through διὰ G1223 Preposition . . . στόματος G4750 Noun - Genitive Neuter Singular . . . τῶν G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Plural His αὐτοῦ G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular holy ἁγίων G40 Adjective - Genitive Masculine Plural prophets προφητῶν G4396 Noun - Genitive Masculine Plural
Verse 22

Original words

For μὲν G3303 Conjunction Moses Μωϋσῆς G3475 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular said εἶπεν G2036 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular - ὅτι G3754 Conjunction The G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular Lord Κύριος G2962 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular your ὑμῶν G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person Plural God Θεὸς G2316 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular will raise up ἀναστήσει G450 Verb - Future Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular for you ὑμῖν G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 2nd Person Plural a prophet Προφήτην G4396 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular like ὡς G5613 Adverb me ἐμέ G1473 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative 1st Person Singular from among ἐκ G1537 Preposition your ὑμῶν G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person Plural - τῶν G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Plural brothers ἀδελφῶν G80 Noun - Genitive Masculine Plural You must listen to ἀκούσεσθε G191 Verb - Future Indicative Middle - 2nd Person Plural Him αὐτοῦ G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular in κατὰ G2596 Preposition everything πάντα G3956 Adjective - Accusative Neuter Plural . . . ὅσα G3745 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Plural . . . ἂν G302 Particle He tells λαλήσῃ G2980 Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 3rd Person Singular . . . πρὸς G4314 Preposition you ὑμᾶς G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative 2nd Person Plural

BSB notes

  • Deuteronomy 18:15
Verse 23

Original words

- δὲ G1161 Conjunction - ἔσται G1510 Verb - Future Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Singular Everyone πᾶσα G3956 Adjective - Nominative Feminine Singular . . . ψυχὴ G5590 Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular who ἥτις G3748 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Feminine Singular vvv ἐὰν G1437 Conjunction vvv μὴ G3361 Adverb does not listen ἀκούσῃ G191 Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 3rd Person Singular vvv ἐκείνου G1565 Demonstrative Pronoun - Genitive Masculine Singular vvv τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular [ to Him ] προφήτου G4396 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular will be completely cut off ἐξολεθρευθήσεται G1842 Verb - Future Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Singular from among ἐκ G1537 Preposition [his] τοῦ G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Singular people λαοῦ G2992 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular

BSB notes

  • See Deuteronomy 18:19.
Verse 24

Original words

Indeed Καὶ G2532 Conjunction - δὲ G1161 Conjunction all πάντες G3956 Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural the οἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Plural prophets προφῆται G4396 Noun - Nominative Masculine Plural from ἀπὸ G575 Preposition Samuel on Σαμουὴλ G4545 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular - καὶ G2532 Conjunction as many as ὅσοι G3745 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Plural - τῶν G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Plural vvv καθεξῆς G2517 Adverb have spoken ἐλάλησαν G2980 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural - καὶ G2532 Conjunction have proclaimed κατήγγειλαν G2605 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural these ταύτας G3778 Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Feminine Plural - τὰς G3588 Article - Accusative Feminine Plural days ἡμέρας G2250 Noun - Accusative Feminine Plural
Verse 25

Original words

[And] you ὑμεῖς G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 2nd Person Plural are ἐστε G1510 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person Plural - οἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Plural sons υἱοὶ G5207 Noun - Nominative Masculine Plural of the τῶν G3588 Article - Genitive Masculine Plural prophets προφητῶν G4396 Noun - Genitive Masculine Plural and καὶ G2532 Conjunction of the τῆς G3588 Article - Genitive Feminine Singular covenant διαθήκης G1242 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular - ἧς G3739 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Genitive Feminine Singular God Θεὸς» G2316 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular made διέθετο G1303 Verb - Aorist Indicative Middle - 3rd Person Singular with πρὸς G4314 Preposition - «ὁ G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular your ὑμῶν G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person Plural - τοὺς G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Plural fathers πατέρας G3962 Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural [when] He said λέγων G3004 Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Singular to πρὸς G4314 Preposition Abraham Ἀβραάμ G11 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular - Καὶ G2532 Conjunction Through ἐν G1722 Preposition your σου G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person Singular - τῷ G3588 Article - Dative Neuter Singular offspring σπέρματί G4690 Noun - Dative Neuter Singular all πᾶσαι G3956 Adjective - Nominative Feminine Plural the αἱ G3588 Article - Nominative Feminine Plural families πατριαὶ G3965 Noun - Nominative Feminine Plural of the τῆς G3588 Article - Genitive Feminine Singular earth γῆς G1093 Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular will be blessed ἐνευλογηθήσονται G1757 Verb - Future Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Plural

BSB notes

  • Genesis 22:18
Verse 26

Original words

- G3588 Article - Nominative Masculine Singular [When] God Θεὸς G2316 Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular raised up ἀναστήσας G450 Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Singular His αὐτοῦ G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular - τὸν G3588 Article - Accusative Masculine Singular Servant Παῖδα G3816 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular He sent ἀπέστειλεν G649 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular Him αὐτὸν G846 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Singular first πρῶτον G4412 Adverb - Superlative to you ὑμῖν G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 2nd Person Plural to bless εὐλογοῦντα G2127 Verb - Present Participle Active - Accusative Masculine Singular you ὑμᾶς G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative 2nd Person Plural by ἐν G1722 Preposition - τῷ G3588 Article - Dative Neuter Singular turning ἀποστρέφειν G654 Verb - Present Infinitive Active each [of you] ἕκαστον G1538 Adjective - Accusative Masculine Singular from ἀπὸ G575 Preposition your ὑμῶν G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person Plural - τῶν G3588 Article - Genitive Feminine Plural wicked ways πονηριῶν G4189 Noun - Genitive Feminine Plural

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.